James and Dolley Madison (59 page)

  
5
.
Alexandria Advertiser and Commercial Intelligencer
, July 22, 1803, reprint of an October 19, 1802, letter from diplomat.

  
6
.
Washington Federalist
, January 28, 1808.

  
7
. Fawn Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), pp. 365–66;
National Intelligencer
, April 15, 1803, story about a February 3, 1803, letter.

  
8
. Willard Randall,
Thomas Jefferson: A Life
(New York: Henry Holt, 1993), p. 566.

  
9
. James Madison to James Monroe, January 8, 1785, in in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), 8:220.

10
. Irving Brant,
James Madison
(Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 4:90.

11
.
Washington Federalist
, February 3, 1808;
Washington Federalist
, January 19, 1806.

12
.
Washington Federalist
, January 19, 1806.

13
.
National Intelligencer
, February 18, 1803.

14
. Harry Ammon,
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), pp. 210–12; Herold,
Age of Napoleon
, p. 144.

15
. John Quincy Adams,
Lives of Celebrated Statesmen
(New York: W. H. Graham, 1846), pp. 33–34.

16
. Henry Adams,
John Randolph
(New York: Chelsea House, 1981; Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1996), p. 121.

17
. Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval, July 12, 1816,
Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, by A. A. Lipscomb and A. E. Bergh (Washington, DC: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association of the United States, 1903), 7:9–17.

18
. James Madison to James Monroe, summer 1803, in
The Writings of James Madison
, by James Madison and Gaillard Hunt (New York: Russell and Russell, 1968), 2:183–85.

19
. Herold,
Age of Napoleon
, pp. 304–305.

20
. Albert Gallatin to James Madison, February 7, 1803, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 2:179–80.

21
.
Alexandria Advertiser and Commercial Intelligencer
, July 27, 1803.

22
.
Washington Federalist
, December 3, 1806.

23
.
Alexandria Advertiser and Commercial Intelligencer
, July 12, 1803.

24
. Jefferson's second inaugural address, in
PJM
, 33:134–53.

CHAPTER 9. THE VETERAN SECRETARY OF STATE

  
1
. Maud Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940), p. 112; Dolley Madison to James Madison, November 2, 1805, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter cited as DMDE).

  
2
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 31, 1805, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 3, 1804, in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection; Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
, pp. 165, 108–109; Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), pp. 166–67.

  
3
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, September 14, 1805, in
Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826
, ed. James Smith (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), 3:1384–86; Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, October 23, 1805, in
James Madison
, by Irving Brant (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 4:289.

  
4
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 31, 1805, in DMDE.

  
5
. Dolley Madison journal, October 24, 1805, in Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 169–70.

  
6
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, October 31, 1805, in DMDE.

  
7
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, November 1805, in DMDE.

  
8
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 210.

  
9
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, December 14, 1826, in
James Madison's ‘Advice to My Country
,' by James Madison, ed. David Mattern (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997), p. 67.

10
. Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:62–63.

11
. Anna Cutts to Dolley Madison, May 1804, in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 5.

12
. John Quincy Adams,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794–1845: American Diplomacy and Political, Social and Intellectual Life, from Washington to Polk
, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1928), February 13, 1806 entry.

13
. Dolley Madison to Eliza Rankin, 1807, in DMDE.

14
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, April 26, 1804, in Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 147; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 26, 1806, in DMDE.

15
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, 1804, in Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 146–47.

16
. Dolly Madison to Anna Cutts, April 26, 1804, in Dolly Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 37; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 20, 1811, Cutts Family Papers, Library of Congress.

17
. Henry Ward and Harold Greer Jr.,
Richmond during the Revolution, 1775–83
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977), pp. 112–13.

18
.
Richmond Daily Dispatch
, August 27, 1853.

19
.
Pittsburgh Gazette
, November 28, 1833.

20
.
Richmond Enquirer
, February 6, 1806; William Crawford,
Report on the Penitentiaries of the United States
(Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 1969), p. 111;
Uniform Crime Statistics
(Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010), p. 2,011.

21
. Jay Worrall,
Friendly Virginians: America's First Quakers
(unpublished manuscript, 1992), Virginia Historical Society.

CHAPTER 10. THE BATTLES WITH BRITAIN

  
1
. Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and His Times
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2005), 5:69–72; Jefferson inaugural, Paul Ford,
Works of Thomas Jefferson
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1903), 9:193–200.

  
2
. John Eppes to James Madison, January 18, 1810, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 2:189; Paul Hamilton to James Madison, May 23, 1810, in
PJM
, pp. 349–51.

  
3
.
Washington Federalist
, January 21, 1808.

  
4
. Ibid., January 23, 1808.

  
5
. Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 463–64.

  
6
. Albert Gallatin to Thomas Jefferson, December 18, 1807, in
Writings of Albert Gallatin
, by Albert Gallatin and Henry Adams (New York: Antiquarian Press, 1960), 1:368.

  
7
. Wilson Nicholas to Thomas Jefferson, October 20, 1808, in
History of the United States during the First Administration of James Madison
, by Henry Adams (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986), 4:345.

  
8
. William Cullen Bryant,
The Embargo
, facsimile reproduction (Gainesville, FL, 1955), pp. 22–23.

  
9
. Walter Wilson Jennings,
The American Embargo, 1807–1809
(Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1921), p. 128.

10
.
Washington Federalist
, December 1808.

11
. Ibid., May 4, 1808.

12
. Ibid., December 1, 1808.

13
. Matthew Lyons to a friend in Kentucky, reprinted in ibid., December 1808.

14
. James Hillhouse letter in ibid., December 13, 1808.

15
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 3, 1808, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter cited as DMDE); Dolley Madison to Mary Morris, August 20, 1805, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 18, 1807, in DMDE.

16
. Joseph Story to Stephen White, December 24, 1808, in
The Life and Letters of Joseph Story
, ed. William Story (Boston: Charles Little and James Brown, 1851), 1:190–92.

17
.
Aurora
, January 3, 1809.

18
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, March 1809, in
The Great Little Madison
, by Jean Fritz (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1989), p. 113.

19
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 498.

20
. John Marshall to Rufus King, February 26, 1801, in
The Papers of John Marshall
, by John Marshall, ed. Charles Hobson (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993) 6:82–83.

21
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, March 11, 1808, in Ford,
Works of Thomas Jefferson
, 11:11–18.

22
.
Aurora
, January 19, 1809;
Lexington Reporter
comments at beginning of January 1809, reprinted in
Aurora
, January 19, 1809.

23
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 465.

24
. James Madison to William Pinckney, April 4 and 8, 1808, and May 1, 1808, Princeton University Library.

25
. Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), p. 191.

26
. Thomas Jefferson to the citizens of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, February 17, 1809, in
Aurora
, March 8, 1809.

27
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, August 28, 1808, in Lucia Cutts,
Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison, Wife of James Madison, President of the United States
(1886; repr. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971), pp. 65–66.

28
. James Madison to correspondent, 1833, in
Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison
, by Dolley Madison, ed. David Mattern and Holly Schulman (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2003), p. 54.

CHAPTER 11. MISTER PRESIDENT

  
1
. John Quincy Adams,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794–1845: American Diplomacy and Political, Social and Intellectual Life, from Washington to Polk
, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1928), p. 58.

  
2
.
Washington Federalist
, December 31, 1808;
Aurora
, January 18, 1809.

  
3
.
Washington Federalist
, April 8, 1808.

  
4
. Charles Ambler,
Thomas Ritchie: A Study in Virginia Politics
(Richmond: Bell, Book and Stationary, 1913), pp. 45–47.

  
5
. John Randolph in the House of Representatives, June 1, 1809, quoted in
National Intelligencer
, June 21, 1809.

  
6
. Samuel Smith to Cary Nicholas, April 1, 1806; Henry Adams,
History of the United States during the First Administration of James Madison
, condensed volume (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, Library of America, 1986), p. 170.

  
7
. John Pancake,
Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1752–1839
(Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, 1972), pp. 78–79.

  
8
. Ibid., pp. 99–100.

  
9
. Harry Ammon,
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), p. 278.

10
. Martin Zahniser,
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Founding Father
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967), p. 254;
Washington Federalist
, January 25, 1808.

11
.
Washington Expositor
, March 1808.

12
. Ibid., December 4, 1807.

13
.
Aurora
, January 18, 1809; Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and His Time
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2005), 5:99–101.

14
. Samuel Mitchill, “Dr. Mitchill's Letters from Washington: 1801–1813,”
Harper's New Monthly Magazine
58 (April 1879): 752.

15
.
Washington Expositor
, February 17, 1808.

16
.
Aurora
, March 4, 1809.

17
. Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), p. 428.

18
. Ibid., p. 429.

19
. John Quincy Adams,
Lives of Celebrated Statesmen
(New York: W. H. Graham, 1846), p. 37.

20
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 429; Noble Cunningham Jr.,
Jeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of Party Organization, 1789–1801
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1957), p. 232.

21
. Maud Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940), p. 118.

22
.
National Intelligencer
, March 7, 1808.

23
. Tom Abernathy,
The South in the New Nation, 1789–1819
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1961), p. 313.

24
.
Washington Federalist
, November 7, 1807.