It's Our Turn to Eat (43 page)

CULTURE: character of Kenyan people 7, 67–8, 157; demography 150; education system 51, 127–9, 133, 135, 136, 175; history of 45–53; population, rise in 103, 147–8, 149, 195; recent shifts in 145–62; slums 2, 10, 11, 41–2, 149, 151, 157, 191, 203, 290, 303, 312, 330; tourism 9, 311, 317; urbanisation 148–9; youth 150–5

ECONOMY: 160–1; Cold War 9–10; colonial, effect of 9, 10–11; corruption, patronage (‘Our Turn to Eat' culture) and 11, 60–1, 114, 160, 184–5; ethnicity, role in 282, 290, 299–300; under Kenyatta 184; under Kibaki 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; under Moi 2, 8, 9–10, 159, 171, 184, 261, 280, 290; most advanced in region 9; NARC and 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; post-election violence 2007, effect upon 311; rich and poor, wealth gap between 11, 279–80, 282, 290, 299–300; state sector shrivels 1980s 160

ELECTIONS: 1992 general election 140; 1997 general election 188; 2002 general election 1–2, 14–15, 73, 135, 154–5, 193, 215, 237, 241, 320; 2004 general election 214; 2005, referendum on new constitution 241–4; 2007 general election 290, 295–316; post-election settlement 2007 314–16

ETHNIC GROUPS: 11, 60–1; colonial rule, effect upon 44–50, 60, 104–10, 115; economy and 60–3, 282; elections 2007 and 290, 291–2, 295–316; ethno-favouritism/elitism 8, 11, 44, 50–3, 56–9, 72–4, 86, 112–14, 116–19, 143, 144, 145, 157–62, 272, 282, 290–2, 297–300, 325; ethno-nationalism as Africa's most toxic problem 325; history of 45, 46–7, 48, 49–53, 60–3, 104–14; JG and family break mould of 97, 118–19, 121–44, 158–62, 163–4; JG, Mount Kenya Mafia appeal to ethnicity of 97, 118–19; Rwanda, effect upon

Kenyan awareness of 140–1; stereotypes 42–4, 49–50; under Kenyatta 50–1, 52, 110–13; under Kibaki 51–3, 56–60, 97, 118–19, 290, 291–2, 295–316; under Moi 51, 52, 113–14; violence between ethnic groups, early 1990s 114, 140,
141; youth outlook on 150–8
see also under individual ethnic group name

MEDIA: 7, 12, 131–2; Anglo Leasing deals, coverage of 245, 248–54, 255–6, 269–70; cartoonists 7, 10, 34, 63; corruption, coverage of 198, 240, 245, 247–54, 255–7, 269–70; JG and 12, 14, 22, 92–3, 245, 248–54, 269–70; KTN, commandos storm 255–6; Moi and 131–2; newspapers, independence of 131–2, 247–8; newspapers, quality of 12; radio 155–8, 334; television 132, 251, 255–6
see also under individual newspaper title and radio and television station name

POLICE: 3; Anglo Leasing supply jeeps for 78, 84; corruption within 6, 11, 77, 78, 84, 173; elections 2007, actions during 305, 312; digital communications contract 328; Infotalent Ltd security contract 173; shootings 192
see also
General Service Unit (GSU)

POLITICS: constitution 8, 13, 73, 86, 113, 185, 241–4, 283; State House 12, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35–6, 38, 39, 65–6, 69, 70, 71, 74, 80, 81, 84, 89, 92, 93, 129, 160, 164, 172, 173, 174, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 202, 218, 219, 220, 222, 224, 232, 235, 238, 244, 249, 260, 270, 271, 283, 300, 304, 306, 325; multi-party regime, advent of 7, 51, 62, 79, 88, 113–14, 139, 140, 158, 193; NARC
see
National Rainbow Coalition; parliament 153; prime minister, NARC expected to install 8, 283

Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority (KACA) 186, 337

Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) 20, 66, 84, 86, 87, 92–3, 173, 217–18, 222, 245, 250, 254, 256, 261, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273n, 274, 327

Kenya Broadcasting Corporation 132, 251

Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) 36, 80, 220, 291, 297, 324, 337

Kenya Revenue Authority 280

Kenyan High Commission, London 23, 30, 238, 254, 257, 271

Kenyan Television Network (KTN) 255–6

Kenyatta, Jomo 34, 36, 50–1, 73, 87, 103–4, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118, 122, 125, 126, 159, 160, 184, 279, 286, 296, 297, 300, 332

Kenyatta, Uhuru 2, 10, 129, 175, 237

Keriri, Matere 72, 175

Kettering, Merlyn 173

Khamala, Martin 138

Kiai, Maina 36, 291

Kiambu people 103, 105, 108, 116, 123, 136

Kibaki, David 129, 175

Kibaki, Lucy 190–1, 224

Kibaki, Mwai: Anglo Leasing dossier, reaction to release of 251, 268, 273; anti-corruption legislation 65–6, 283–4, 285; cabinet 7–8, 72–4, 80, 84–5, 241, 244, 245, 268, 273; car crash 2002 4, 34, 94, 181–2, 242; character 4–5, 8, 68–70, 71–3, 219; constitution and 8, 73, 86, 241–4, 283; corruption, attitudes towards 2, 5, 7, 12, 20, 65–6, 74–5, 77–8, 79–80, 81–97, 215, 219, 220, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 282–4, 285; economy under 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; elections 2002 4, 73; elections 2007 284–5, 311–12, 314; ethnic favouritism under 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; features of former era re-emerge under 282–4; foreign donors and 11, 38–9, 197–204; health 4, 34, 70–3, 80, 94, 181–2, 242; inauguration 2002 1–6, 8, 14, 65–6, 164, 283; inauguration 2007 306; JG, relationship with 14, 17–18, 22, 23, 34–5, 37, 67–8, 71, 86, 87, 90–1, 179–82, 219, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 311–12; Moi and 5, 7, 68, 284–5; Mount Kenya Mafia and 72–4, 85, 172–3, 245; speeches 5, 72

Kibera slum, Nairobi 1, 149, 190

Kikuyu people: birth of tribe 101–3; burial of 147–8; Central Association
106; character of 43, 103–14, 115–19; colonial rule, under 105–10; country 98–103; culture 103–14; entitlement, sense of 117; foreign influences upon 131; history of 46, 47, 48, 101–14; JG and 13, 97, 115, 117–19, 130, 142–4, 145, 159–62, 172–5, 287–8, 289; jokes, enjoyment of 115–16; Kenyatta regime, benefit from 50–1, 52, 109–10, 111–13, 115, 159; Kibaki and 8, 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; land ownership, importance of 104, 105, 112; Mau Mau and 107–12; under Moi 113–14, 159; multi-party politics, role in advent of 113–14; population 103; Reserve 106, 111; respect for elders 117–18; son and mother bond 159

Kikwete, Jakaya 314

Kimani, Martin 128, 159, 324

Kimathi, Dedan 111

Kimunya, Amos 242, 243, 250–1, 259, 285–6, 311

Kinyua, Joseph 219

Kiriamiti, John 316

Kisii tribe 307, 313

Kiss FM 155, 156, 334

Kisumu, Nyanza Province 282, 290, 298, 299, 300, 302–3, 306, 307, 325

Kiswahili language 26, 74, 79, 90, 150, 151, 203, 222, 332

Kivuitu, Samuel 298, 304, 307

Koinange, Jeff 129

Kotut, Eric 322

Kroll 12, 86, 221, 284

 

Land and Freedom Armies 107
see also
Mau Mau

land grabbing 61–2, 65

Langata Cemetery 145–8

Leakey, Philip 186

Leakey, Richard 18, 164, 186

Lone, Salim 284

Lonsdale, John 49, 111

Luhya people 43, 58–9, 116, 163, 307, 313

Luo people 43, 44, 49–50, 73, 116, 127, 129, 149, 216, 241, 289, 290, 291, 299, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316

 

McCarthy, Leonard 326

MacKinnon, William 45, 46

Maasai 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 103, 104, 105, 106, 112, 114, 124, 281, 320

Maasai Mara 53, 317

Maathai, Wangari 49–50, 175

Macharia, Edith 253

Magari, Joseph 84–5, 87. 93, 165

Maina, Wachira 42, 324

majimboism 296

Make Poverty History 205, 206, 266

Makokha, Kwamchetsi 131–2, 284, 297–8, 326

Makotsi, Pamela 256

Malik, A.H. 94

Mangu, Central Province 125, 131

Maore, Maoka 77, 78–9, 85, 86, 328

Margaryan, Artur 256–60

Mars Group Kenya 166, 324, 328

Mathare slum 290, 308, 309, 310, 330

Mati, Mwalimu 36, 67, 69, 79, 175, 217, 315, 324

Matiba, Raymond 129

Mau Mau 50–1, 107–12, 123, 124, 125, 130, 140, 142, 159, 232, 287, 288

Mbeki, Moeletsi 325

Mboya, Tom 26, 299

Meinertzhagen, Captain Richard 104–5

Meru people 43, 72, 108, 216, 222, 291, 307, 313

Michuki, John 175, 256, 297, 311

Migiro, Dickson 254

Ministry of Justice, Kenya 40, 65, 179

Ministry of Finance, Kenya 218–19

Moi, Daniel arap 73, 178, 287, 301; anti-corruption bills 8; constitution and 13, 113, 185; corruption under 14, 39, 62, 66, 77, 80–1, 82, 86, 165, 171–2, 211, 214, 228, 270, 284–5, 286;
East African Standard
, involvement in 56–8, 256; economy under 2, 159, 160, 171, 184, 261, 290; elections 2007, role in 284–5, 313; foreign donors and 8, 9–10, 14, 170, 183, 185–6, 198–9; Goldenberg scandal, role in 62, 211; justice system under 65; Kalenjin ethnicity 51, 52, 56–8, 284, 300; Kibaki
and 4, 5, 7, 68, 284–5; Kikuyu, treatment under rule of 113–14, 116–17, 164; legacy 5; liberalisation of the airwaves mid-1990s 156; ministers, treatment of 67; multi-party rule forced upon 113–14, 139, 140; opponents, treatment of 7; retirement 2, 4, 34, 69, 70, 183, 197; Transparency International and 14

Moi, Gideon 129

Mount Kenya 43, 46–7, 73, 99, 100, 101, 103, 108, 117, 145, 271, 272, 302

Mount Kenya Mafia: birth of 73, 74; donor community and 222; elections 2007, role in 297, 311, 325; Goldenberg scandal, shelves 269; JG and 89, 96, 119, 143, 144, 161, 179, 203, 215, 230, 242, 273; Kibaki, level of influence over 85, 172–3; media, attacks 256; referendum on constitution 2005, involvement in 244; technology, weakness with 89–90, 230

Moyo, Jonathan 162

Muga, Wycliffe 39, 119, 143, 252, 253

Mugabe, Robert 162, 256, 287, 287n

Muhoho, George 15–16, 175, 297

Muite, Paul 148

Mukurwe Wa Nyagathanga 102

Mule, Harris 15–16, 31–2, 118

Muli, Koki 306–7

Mullei, Andrew 164–5

Mumbi 102, 115, 117, 144, 253

Munro, Bob 34

Munyakei, David 317–19, 320, 321–2, 323, 324

Murage, Stanley 179

Muranga 100, 101, 104, 108–9, 316

Murgor, Philip 177, 220

Murgor, Willie 112

Muriuki, Godfrey 105

Murungaru, Chris 72, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 177, 178, 179, 202, 212, 215, 220, 222, 223, 250, 268, 284, 301, 329

Murungi, Kiraitu 69, 72, 74, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96–7, 173, 177, 178, 179, 180, 215, 216, 219–20, 222, 234, 250, 251, 268, 271, 273, 274, 284, 297, 311, 328

Museveni, Yoweri 196

Musyoka, Kalonzo 157

Muthaiga 68, 155, 156, 175, 190, 191, 195, 202–3, 260

Muthaura, Francis 87, 93, 177, 179, 200, 219, 222, 235, 268, 297

Muthumbi, Mary 28, 91, 221, 249–50, 264–5, 335

Mutoko, Caroline 155–8, 334

Mutua, Alfred 256

Mwai, Evan 169, 171, 219

Mwakwere, Chirau Ali 202

Mwaliko, Sylvester 93

Mwangi, Dave 84, 173

Mwangi, Wangethi 248, 249

Mwenje, David 86

Mwiraria, David 72, 85, 86, 93–4, 96, 165, 173, 179, 219, 222, 223, 250, 251, 260–1, 268, 273, 274, 284, 301

 

Nairobi 9, 70, 91, 103, 108, 111, 114, 117, 125, 134, 142, 145, 148, 149, 150, 154, 155–6, 167, 188; bookshops 281; cosmetic makeover of 280–1, 292–3; cosmopolitan nature of 9; economy 9; population 149; slums 2, 10, 11, 41–2, 149, 151, 157, 191, 203, 290, 303, 312, 330; State House
see
State House, Nairobi; unemployment in 55–6

Naivasha, Rift Valley 295

Nakumatt supermarket chain 292, 295, 312

Nandi language 47, 49

Nation Media Group 12, 141, 191, 248, 251, 269

National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) 261, 337; Anglo Leasing contracts, involvement in 79, 84–97, 118, 165, 166, 171–2, 173, 177, 179, 215–16, 217–20, 222, 223, 229, 245, 250–3, 255–8, 268–75; ‘Artur brothers' and 256; cabinet 7–8, 72–4, 80, 84–5, 241, 244, 245, 268, 273; constitution and 8, 73, 86, 241, 243, 283; corruption within 20, 22, 79–97, 118, 165, 166, 170, 171–2, 173, 177, 179, 215–16, 217–20, 222, 223, 245, 250–1, 268;
corruption, initial fight against 2, 5–6, 7, 8, 11–12, 36, 40, 67, 73, 80–1, 82, 183, 228, 268, 314; donor community, relationship with 170, 183, 210–11; economy under 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; elections 2002 2, 3, 4–8, 14, 71, 71, 82, 320; elections 2007 300; free primary education programme 210–11; High Commissioner Clay and 334; JG's relationship with 14, 66–8, 79–87, 164–6, 171–82, 215–25, 229, 233–6, 241, 242–3, 244–5, 250–4, 268–74; Mau Mau and 111;
Nation
and 247, 269; Nyayo House and 7; lavish spending of members 79–80

National Security Intelligence Service (NSIS) 80–1, 84, 90, 95, 235

Ndii, David 16, 67, 69, 117, 292, 330

Ndubi, Haroun 53

Ndung'u Commission 65

Ngumi, John 116

Ngunyi, Mutahi 162

Nigeria 11, 16, 102, 115, 326

Njonjo, Charles 178

non-governmental organisations (NGOs) 10, 79, 141, 143

Ntimama, William 114

Nyanza province 297, 298–9, 300

Nyerere, Julius 140

Nyeri, Central Province 108–9, 111–12, 118, 126, 255, 282, 289

Nyong'o, Peter Anyang' 238

 

Obama, Barack 8, 44

Obasanjo, Olusegun 192

Ochola, Robert 310

Odindo, Joseph 141, 222, 248, 249, 269

Odinga, Jaramogi Oginga 73, 300

Odinga, Raila 73, 241, 245, 257, 279, 282, 284, 296, 297, 298, 299–300, 301, 303, 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, 315

Odoi, Frank 7

Official Secrets Act 95, 236–7, 249, 319

Okolloh, Ory 153, 154, 158, 324

Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi 326

Opus Dei 33, 134, 135, 174

Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) 284, 290, 297, 298, 301, 302–3, 306, 308, 309, 312, 313, 314, 338

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery 199, 276, 328

Otieno, Gladwell 224, 324

Otieno, Stephen 300

Ouko, Robert 26, 228, 299, 321

Oxfam 160, 189, 205

 

Pallister, David 327

Party of National Unity (PNU) 297, 301, 306, 307, 308, 312

Pattni, Kamlesh 62–3, 172, 268, 284, 295–6, 322

Perera, Anura 85, 94, 215, 268–9