Essential Facts on the Go: Internal Medicine (9 page)

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Asthma

Pathogenesis of Airway Hyperresponsiveness*

Diagnosis of Asthma

Differential Diagnosis of Asthma Exacerbation

^*
Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Asthma

Triage Decision-making Based on Asthma Severity

Risk Factors for Asthma-Related Death

• Previous severe exacerbation (intubation or intensive care unit admission for asthma)

• 2 hospitalizations or > 3 emergency department visits in the past 12 months

• Use of > 2 canisters of short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) per month

• Reduced ability to perceive airway obstruction or worsening symptoms

• Low socioeconomic status or urban residence

• Illicit drug use

• Psychiatric disease or severe psychosocial stress

• Comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease or other chronic lung disease

Stepwise Approach to Therapy of Asthma

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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COPD

Gold Criteria for COPD Severity

Indications for Hospitalization of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD

Oxygen and CO
₂
Assessment in an Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Impact of Specific Therapies on Outcomes of COPD

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Venous Thromboembolism/Pulmonary Embolism

Algorithm for DVT and PE Diagnosis

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

Differential Diagnosis for VTE/PE

• DVT: Ruptured Baker’s cyst, cellulitis, postphlebitic syndrome/venous insufficiency

• PE: Pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, pericarditis, pleurisy: “viral syndrome,” costochondritis, musculoskeletal discomfort, rib fracture, pneumothorax, acute coronary syndrome, anxiety