Conceived in Liberty (281 page)

The classic view defending the social radicalism of the American Revolution is J. Franklin Jameson,
The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement
(1926). This thesis was attacked and seemingly refuted during the consensus period of American historiography in the 1950s, particularly by Frederick B. Tolles, “The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement: A Re-evaluation,”
American Historical Review
LX (1954–1955), pp. 1–12; and by Clarence Ver Steeg, “The American Revolution Considered as an Economic Movement,”
Huntington Library Quarterly
XX (1957), pp. 361–72. But Robert A. Nisbet, in a brilliant article, has now rehabilitated the thesis of the American Revolution as having radical consequences, specifically in a libertarian direction. In his
The Social Impact of the Revolution
(1974), Nisbet shows that the Revolution had a radical libertarian impact on American society in abolishing feudal land tenure, in establishing religious freedom, and in beginning to abolish slavery. Thus, to the insight of Bernard Bailyn on the libertarian sources of the Revolution (whose works were cited in the bibliographic essay in volume three of this work) is added the Nisbet discussion of its libertarian consequences.

The impact of the Revolution on suffrage may be found in Chilton Williamson,
American Suffrage from Property to Democracy, 1760–1860
(1960). Staughton Lynd revives the neglected older view of the great importance of sectional conflicts over slavery as early as the 1780s, in Staughton Lynd, “The Abolitionist Critique of the United States Constitution,” in M. Duberman, ed.,
The Anti-Slavery Vanguard
(1965). Challenging insights are to be found in Staughton Lynd, “The Revolution and the Common Man,” part one (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1962).

Finally, for further bibliography on the Revolution, John Shy, comp.
The American Revolution
(1973) is indispensable for work published before 1972; unfortunately, as in the case of all the Goldentree series, the bibliography is not annotated.

*
Part of this essay appears, in altered form, in Murray N. Rothbard, “Modern Historians Confront the American Revolution,”
Literature of Liberty
(January/March 1978), pp. 16–41.

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Z

Abingdon, Earl of,
237

Acton, Lord,
442

Acts of Trade and Navigation,
103

Adams, John,
18
,
30
,
31
,
32
,
33
,
67
,
76
,
91
,
98
,
101
,
102
,
103
,
110
,
116
,
125
,
126
,
130
,
134
,
142–44
,
145
,
155
,
156
,
160
,
161
,
166
,
176
,
177
,
179
,
197
,
208
,
233
,
234
,
235
,
245
,
247
,
248
,
260
,
263
,
264
,
357
,
359
,
360
,
361
,
362
,
363
,
378
,
385
,
386
,
387
,
411
,
435
,
447
,
448
,
460
;

Thoughts on Government,
143
,
155
,
269
,
270
,
273

Adams, Samuel,
18
,
29
,
32
,
33
,
37
,
39
,
40
,
56
,
103
,
116
,
134
,
142–43
,
166
,
197
,
223
,
230
,
245
,
263
,
359
,
385
,
386
,
387
,
390
,
405
,
411

Alden, Col. Ichabod,
293

Alden, John R.
(Charles Lee: Traitor or Patriot?),
35
,
38
,
456
;

(The American Revolution, 1775–1783),
67
,
191
,
199
,
303
,
321
,
455

Alexander, John M.,
269
;

Mecklenburg instructions,
269

Allen, Ethan,
24
,
27–28
,
29
,
46
,
47–48
,
49
,
52
,
165
,
257
,
416–17
,
418
,
419

Allen, Capt. Heman,
183

Allen, Ira,
417
,
419

Allen, Reverend Thomas,
146
,
147–148
,
149
,
386

Alsop, John,
116
,
182

American Historical Review,
35
,
424
,
460
,
461

American Revolution: compared to Bacon’s Rebellion,
442
;

Belgian Revolution of 1789,
448
;

English Revolution,
441
;

French Revolution,
425–26
,
431
,
441
,
442
,
443–44
,
453
,
460
;

Russian Revolution,
441

André, Maj.,
282

Anglicans,
69
,
152
,
171
,
172
,
268
,
269
,
270
,
439
,
444

Anglo-French Treaty of 1783,
363

Anglo-Spanish Treaty of 1783,
363

Arbuthnot, Adm. Marriot,
315
,
344

Arieli, Yehoshua
(Individualism and Nationalism in American Ideology),
180

Armstrong, Maj. John,
220
,
377
,
405
,
406–407
;

“Newburgh Address,”
405
,
406

Arnold, Benedict,
27–28
,
29
,
46
,
47
,
50–52
,
91
,
193–94
,
201
,
209
,
210
,
212
,
214
,
215–16
,
223
,
280
;

and treason,
282–83
,
296
,
327
,
342
,
343
,
344
,
353

Arnold, Dr. Jonathan,
402
,
407

Articles of Confederation,
244
,
246
,
247
,
249
,
253–56
,
369
,
371
,
372
,
389
,
392
,
395
,
396
,
398
,
401
,
407
,
409
,
413
,
414
,
415
,
448
,
449
;

Article Two,
253
,
254
;

Article Twelve,
255

Ashe, Gen. John,
309

Ashley, John,
146
,
147

Atkinson, Isaac,
79

Ausubel, H.
(The Making of Modern Europe),
460

Avery, Waightstill,
269
;

Mecklenburg instructions,
269

Bache, Richard,
250

Bailyn, Bernard,
442
,
461

Baltimore Committee for Safety,
92

Bank of North America,
391–93
409–10

Baptists,
69
,
71
;

Isaac Backus,
145

Barton, William,
391

Baudeau, Nicolas,
234

Beatty, John,
415

Beaumarchais,
359

Becker, Carl,
141
;

The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas,
184
,
458

Belgium and the American Revolution,
449
,
453
,
454

Bemis, Samuel Flagg
(The Diplomacy of the American Revolution),
460

Benson, Egbert,
431

Berkin, Carol
(Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of an American Loyalist),
459

Berkshire Constitutionalists,
146
,
263
,
265
,
386

Bezanson, Anne (“Inflation and Controls, Pennsylvania, 1774–1779”),
459

Biddle, Owen,
377

Bigelow, Joel,
419

Billias, George A.
(George Washington’s Opponents: British Admirals in the American Revolution),
70
,
99
,
457
;

(George Washington’s Generals),
33
,
95
,
456
;

(“Horatio Gates: Professional Soldier”),
194
,
213
,
321
,
456

Bingham, William,
111
,
392
,
395

Bird, Capt. Henry,
297
,
298

Blackstone,
138–39
,
144

Boone, Daniel,
251

Boston Committee of Correspondence,
46
,
56

Bowdoin, James,
385

Bowen, Catherine Drinker
(John Adams and the American Revolution),
32
,
459

Bowler, R. Arthur
(Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America, 1775–1783),
456

Bradford, William,
377

Braxton, Carter,
111
,
154
,
155–56
,
160
,
369
;

Address to the Convention of Virginia,
155–56

Breed’s Hill,
41
,
95

Brinckerhoff, Dirck,
430

British Iron Act of 1750,
107

British Prohibitory Act,
99–100
,
102
,
103
,
150
,
153

Broughton, Nicholas,
97

Brown, E. Francis
(Joseph Hawley: Colonial Radical),
386
,
459

Brown, Gerald S.
(American Secretary: Colonial Policy of Lord George Germain),
457

Brown, Col. John,
46
,
48
,
49
,
52
,
215

Brown, Richard Maxwell
(The South Carolina Regulators),
69

Brown, Robert E. and B. Katherine
(Virginia 1705–86: Democracy or Aristocracy?),
157

Brunhouse, Robert L.
(The Counter-Revolution in Pennsylvania),
458

Bryan, George,
257–58
,
436

Budd, Dr. John,
269

Burgh, James
(Political Disquisitions),
148–49

Burgoyne, Gen. John,
40
,
201
,
202
,
203
,
204
,
205
,
206
,
207
,
208–9
,
210
,
211
,
212–13
,
214
,
215
,
216
,
218
,
224
,
225
,
234
,
235
,
267
,
291
,
345

Burke, Judge Aedanus,
411
,
412

Burke, Edmund,
36
,
117
,
118
,
119
,
207
,
234
,
236
,
354
,
451
;

The Vindication of Natural Society,
139
;

Letter to the Sheriff of Bristol,
235
,
236

Burke, Dr. Thomas,
245–46
,
253
,
255
,
358
,
400–401
;

Orange instructions,
269

Burnett, Edmund Cody
(The Continental Congress),
55
,
457

Burr, Aaron,
51
,
188
,
189
,
191
,
230
,
436

Butler, Col. John,
291–92
,
293
;

Butler’s Rangers,
291
,
292
,
293

Butler, Walter,
293
,
294
,
301

Butler, Col. William,
293

Caldwell, William,
350
,
351

Calhoun, Robert M.
(The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 1760–1781),
459

Callahan, North (“Henry Knox: American Artillerist”),
95
;

(Royal Raiders),
423
,
457

Campbell, Col. Archibald,
307
,
308
,
309

Campbell, Col. Arthur,
370

Campbell, Col. William,
325
,
345

Cannon, Prof. James,
163
,
165
,
166
,
167
,
168
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
261
;