Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla (72 page)

19.
Electrical World,
February 21, 1891, pp. 128-30.

20. Wetzler, “Electric Lamps Fed From Space,”
Harper’s Weekly,
July 11, 1891, p. 524.

21. Ibid.

22. E. Raverot, “Tesla’s Experiments in High Frequency,”
Electrical World,
March 26, 1892.

23. Gano Dunn to NT, June 1931, in NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla: Letters, Articles
(1961), LS-54.

24. It was the term “without effort” which I believe has been misinterpreted. From Tesla’s point of view, energy was not truly available without effort. Machines instead of humans could be constructed that would extract this “free energy.” Solar, wind, and water power are all ways to extract “free energy” without the exertion of human effort.

25. Sperry’s gyroscope, of course, is based upon the principles inherent in the Tesla rotating egg, and Tesla should therefore be considered ahead of Sperry in this invention.

26.
Electrical World,
May 20, 1891, p. 288.

27. Robert Millikan to NT, 1931, in NT,
Tribute to Tesla,
p. LS-30.

28. Petkovich, p. 3.

29. Michael Pupin to NT, December 19, 1891, in NT,
Tribute to Tesla,
p. LS-11.

1. Charles Steinmetz,
Alternating Current Phenomena
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1900), pp. i-ii [condensed].

2. Oscar May, “The High-Pressure Transmission of Power Experiments at Oerlikon,”
Electrical World,
April 18, 1891, p. 291.

3. T. Hughes,
Networks of Power
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), pp. 131-33.

4. Ibid.

5. Dragislov Petkovich, “A Visit to Nikola Tesla,”
Politika,
April 27, 1927, p. 3.

6. Hughes,
Network of Power.

7. “C. E. L. Brown Portrait,”
Electrical World,
October 12, 1891, p. 284.

8. M. Dobrowolsky, “Electrical Transmission of Power by Alternating Currents,”
Electrical World,
September 14, 1891, p. 268.

9. Carl Hering, “Comments on Mr. Brown’s Letter,”
Electrical World,
November 7, 1891, p. 346.

10. Jonathan Leonard,
Loki: The Life of Charles Proteus Steinmetz
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1932), p. 109.

11. John Winthrop Hammond,
Charles Proteus Steinmetz
(New York: Century Co., 1924).

12. “Charles Steinmetz,” in M. Pupin, “Pupin on Polyphasal Generators,”
AIEE Transactions,
December 16, 1891, pp. 591-92.

13. Harold Passer,
The Electrical Manufcturers: 1875-1900
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953).

14. NT to Villard, October 10, 1892 [Houghton Library, Harvard University].

15. M. Josephson,
Edison: A Biography
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), p. 361.

16. Ibid., p. 392.

17. Ibid.

18. J. Leonard,
Loki: The Life of Charles Proteus Steinmetz
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1928), p. 202.

19. H. Prout,
George Westinghouse: An Intimate Portrait
(New York: Wiley, 1939), p. 125.

20.
Electrical World,
September 16, 1893, p. 208, cited in Passer,
Electrical Manufacturers,
p. 292.

21. Charles Steinmetz,
Theoretical Elements of Electrical Engineering
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1902), pp. iii-iv.

22. Pupin,
From Immigrant to Inventor,
pp. 285-86.

23. Ibid., p. 289.

24. Gisbert Kapp to NT, in NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. LS-6.

25. B. A. Behrend,
The Induction Motor
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1921), p. 1.

26. C. E. L. Brown, “Reasons for the Use of the Three-Phase Current in the Lauffen-Frankfort Transmission,”
Electrical World,
November 7, 1891, p. 346.

27. Carl Hering, “Comments on Mr. Brown’s Letter,” in ibid., p. 346.

28. W. H. Johnston, “Mr. Tesla and the Drehstrom Systems,”
Electrical World,
February 6, 1892, p. 83.

29. Carl Hering, “Mr. Tesla and the Drehstrom System,”
Electrical World,
February 6, 1892, p. 84.

30. Behrend,
Induction Motor,
pp. xiii-xiv.

31. Ibid., p. 261.

1. “Mr. Tesla Before the Royal Institution, London,”
Electrical Review,
March 19, 1892, p. 57.

2. The Tesla oscillator conceived at this time became the basis for all of his later transmitters, such as at Colorado Springs and also Wardenclyffe (see especially, patent nos. 462,418—November 13, 1891; 514,168—February 6, 1894; and 568,178—September 22, 1896).

3. NT, “Electric Oscillators,”
Electrical Experimentation
(July 7, 1919), in NT,
Nikola Tesla: Lectures,
1956, p. A-78-93.

4. NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900, p. 203.

5. T. C. Martin, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,”
Century,
April 1895.In NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. A-16.

6. “NT and J.J. Thomson” (1891), in NT,
Nikola Tesla: Lectures,
1956, pp. A-16-21.

7. NT, “High Frequency Oscillators for Electro-Therapeutic and Other Purposes,”
Electrical Engineer,
November 17, 1898, pp. 477-81.

8. T. C. Martin, J. Wetzler, and G. Sheep to Tesla, January 8, 1892 [NTM].

9. William Preece to NT, January 16, 1892 [NTM].

10. M. Josephson,
Thomas Alva Edison
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), pp. 275-77; E. C. Baker,
Sir William Preece: Victorial Engineer Extaordinary
(London: Hutchinson, 1976), pp. 185-86.

11. “Mr. Tesla Before the Royal Institution, London,”
Electrical Review,
March 19, 1892, p. 57; NT,
The Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla,
T. C. Martin, ed. (New York: Electrical Review Publishing Company, republished, Mokelumne Hill, Calif.: Health Research, 1970), p. 200.

12. Most of the titles of these distinguished scientists were obtained later in their career; for example, Dewar became knighted in 1904; Fleming in 1924.William Thomson became Baron or Lord Kelvin a few months after Tesla’s lecture.

13. Ibid., p. 198 [paraphrased].

14. Ibid., p. 200.

15. Ibid., p. 186.

16. Ibid.

17. NT,
Inventions, Researches,
pp. 130-131; 228-229 [paraphrased in part].

18. Ibid., pp. 287-88 [paraphrased].

19. Ibid., p. 235.

20. W. Kock,
Engineering Applications of Lasers and Holography
(New York: Plenum Press, 1975), pp. 28-35. I Hunt and W. Draper,
Lightning in His Hands: The Life Story of Tesla
(Hawthorne, Calif.: Omni Publications, 1964), were the first to suggest that Tesla invented the laser.

21. NT, “On Electrical Resonance,”
Electrical Engineer,
June 21, 1893, pp. 603-5.

22. NT, “On Light and High Frequency Phenomena,”
Electrical Engineer,
March 8, 1893, pp. 248-49.

23. NT, 1916/1992, on his work with alternating currents, p. 62.

24. NT, “Mr. Tesla Before the Royal Institution,” pp. 247-49.

25. Ibid., pp. 250-52.

26. Ibid., p. 292.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid. [paraphrased in part].

29. Isaac Asimov,
Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964), p. 347.

30. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 82.

31. Leland Anderson, Slide presentation and lecture before the International Tesla Society, Colorado Springs, Colo., August 1988.

32. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 82 [condensed].

33. J. A. Fleming to NT, February 5, 1892, in NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla
1961, p. LS-13.

34. Asimov,
Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia,
p. 364.

35. William Crookes to NT, March 5, 1892, in NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. LS-12.

26. William Crookes, “Some Possibilities of Electricity,”
Fortnightly Review,
February 1892, pp. 173-81.

37. Crookes became president of the Society of Psychical Research in 1896; Lodge, in 1901; and Rayleigh, in 1919.J. J. Thomson was a vice president. See A. Koestler,
Roots of Coincidence
(New York: Vintage, 1972), pp. 32-34.

38. William Crookes, “D.D. Home,”
Quarterly Journal of Science,
January 1874 [condensed]. See also C. J. Ducasse, “The Philosophical Importance of Psychic Phenomena,” in J. Ludwig, ed.,
Philosophy and Parapsychology
(Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1978), p. 138.

39. Crookes to NT, March 5, 1892.

40. NT, “Elliott Cresson Gold Medal Presentation,” in
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. D-4.

41. NT, “Mechanical Therapy” (undated), in
Tesla Said,
p. 286.

42. Robert O. Becker, “Direct Current Neural Systems,”
Psychoenergetic Systems
2 (1976), pp. 190-91.

43. “Tesla’s Experiments,”
Electrical Review,
April 9, 1892, p. 1.

44. NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].

45. NT,
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. LS-69; see also B. A. Behrend,
The Induction Motor
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1921), pp. 6-7.

46. NT,
My Inventions,
pp. 94-95.

47. Ibid., p. 95.

48. Ibid., p. 104.

49. Ibid.

50. Ibid., pp. 104-5.

51. William Broad to author, 1986.

52. “Honors to Nikola Tesla from King Alexander I,” in
Electrical Engineer,
February 1, 1893, p. 125.

53. N. Pribic, “Nikola Tesla: The Human Side of a Scientist,”
Tesla Journal
November 2 and 3, 1982/1983, p. 25.

54. Ambrose Fleming, “Nikola Tesla,” Journal
of Institution of Electrical Engineers,
London, 91, February 1944, in
Tribute to Nikola Tesla,
p. A-215.

55. J. G. O’Hara and W. Pricha,
Hertz and the Maxwellians
(London: Peter Peregrinus, 1987), p. 5.

56. Hertz’s decision to eliminate scalar potentials was also a puzzlement to Oliver Heaviside, who corresponded frequently with the German scientist during this same period. “I am quite of your opinion, that you have gone further on than Maxwell,” Heaviside wrote in 1889, “[but] electrostatical (scalar) potential and magnetical (scalar) potential ought to remain I think.” Heaviside, however, like Hertz, was in agreement with the idea of dispensing with vector potentials.

57. NT, “On the Dissipation of the Electrical Energy of the Hertz Resonator,”
Electrical Engineer,
December 21, 1892, p. 587-88, in
Tesla Said,
pp. 22-23.

58. “NT tells of New Radio Theories,”
New York Herald Tribune,
September 22, 1929, pp. 1, 29; in NT,
Tesla Said,
pp. 225-26.

59. NT, “The True Wireless,”
Electrical Experimenter,
May 1919, p. 28.

60. Tesla researcher Tom Bearden has gone so far as to say that the Hertzian decision to eliminate scalar waves and vector potentials from Maxwell’s equations created a flaw in the next theoretical development called quantum mechanics. It was for this reason, Bearden speculates, that Einstein could not create a unified field theory. Bearden suggests bringing back these components along with another abandoned aspect called quaternion theory. He further suggests that by utilizing Tesla transmitters to produce converging powerfully pumped scalar waves, spinners and twisters can be created, that is, local space/time can be curved, and large amounts of power can be transmitted wirelessly over long distances (Tom Bearden, “Scalar Waves and Tesla Technology,” paper presented at the International Tesla Society Symposium, Colorado Springs, Colo., August 1988).

61. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 83.

1. NT,
The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla,
T. C. Martin, ed. (1893), p. 149.

2. J. Ratzlaff and L. Anderson,
Dr. Nikola Tesla Bibliography, 1884-1978
(Palo Alto, Calif.: Ragusen Press, 1970), p. 21.

3. John O’Neill,
Prodigal Genius: The Life Story of N. Tesla
(New York: Ives Washburn, 1944), p. 101.

4. Moses King,
King’s Handbook of New York
(New York: F. A. Ferris & Co., 1894), p. 230

5. Walter Stephenson, “Nikola Tesla and the Electric Light of the Future,”
Scientific American Supplement,
March 30, 1895, pp. 16408-09; NT to Simp. Majstorovic, Jan. 2, 1893, in
Correspondence with Relatives,
p. 31.

6. NT, “On the Dissipation of Electrical Energy of the Hertz Resolution,” (Dec. 21, 1892), in
Tesla Said,
pp. 22-23.

7. NT,
Inventions, Researches and Writings,
p. 347.

8. NT to Fodor, September 9, 1892; November 27, 1892; January 1, 1893; March 19, 1893 [LC].

9. NT to Petar Mandic, Dec. 8, 1893, in
Correspondence with Relatives,
p. 41.

10. NT to Thurston, November 4, 1892; January 23, 1893; February 21, 1893; October 23, 1893 [WBP].

11. NT to GW, September 27, 1892 [LC].

12. Henry Prout,
George Westinghouse: An Intimate Portrait
(New York: Wiley, 1939), p. 143.

13. Reconstructed from NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].

14. Benjamin Lamme,
An Autobiography
(New York: Putnam’s, 1926), p. 66.

15. NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].

16. Page Smith,
The Rise of Industrial America.
vol. 6 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984), p. 486-88.

17. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena” (Feb./Mar. 1893), in
Inventions, Researches,
pp. 294-95.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid., p. 299.

20. Ibid., p. 299.

21. James Coleman,
Relativity for the Layman.
New York: Mentor Books, 1958, p. 44.

22. NT, “Radio Power Will Revolutionize the World,”
Modern Mechanix & Invention, 71,
1934, pp. 40-42, 117-19.

23. T. C. Martin, “The Tesla Lecture in St. Louis,”
Electrical Engineer,
March 18, 1893, pp. 248-49.

24. NT, “Experiments with Alternate Currents…” (May 20, 1891), in
Inventions, Researches,
p. 148.