Washington's General (49 page)

Hamilton, Alexander.
The Papers of Alexander Hamilton.
Edited by Harold Syrett. 26 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961-79.

Kimball, Gertrude Selwyn.
The Correspondence of the Colonial Governors of Rhode Island, 1732-1175.
2 vols. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press
(reprint), 1969.

Lee, Charles.
Papers of Charles Lee.
4 vols. New York: New-York Historical Society, 1872-75.

Morris, Lewis.
Letters of Lewis Morris.
New York: New-York Historical Society, 1875.

Thompson, Theodora J., ed.
The State Records of South Carolina: Journals of the House of Representatives.
Columbia,: University of South Carolina Press, 1977.

Secondary Sources

Babits, Lawrence E.
A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Boatner, Mark M.
Encyclopedia of the American Revolution.
Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1994.

Bobrick, Benson.
Angel in the Whirlwind.
New York: Simon
&
Schuster, 1997.

Brookhiser, Richard:
Founding Father.
New York: Free Press, 1997.

Buchanan, John.
The Road to Guilford Courthouse.
New York: John Wiley, 1997.

Chidsey, Donald Barr.
The Siege of Boston.
New York: Crown, 1966.

Commager, Henry Steele, and Richard B. Morris, eds.
The Spirit of Seventy-six.
Edison, N.J.: Castle Books, 2002 (reprint).

Dann, John C, ed.
The Revolution Remembered.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Edgar, Walter.
Partisans and Redcoats.
New York: William Morrow, 2001.

Fleming, Thomas:
The Forgotten Victory: The Battle for New Jersey, 1780.
Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Press, 1973.

Flexner, James Thomas.
George Washington in the American Revolution.
Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.

Fischer, David Hackett.
Washington's Crossing.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Freeman, Douglas Southall.
George Washington: A Biography.
1 vols. New York: Scribner, 1948-57.

Gaustad, Edwin S.
Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America.
Valley Forge, Pa.: Judson Press, 1999.

Greene, Francis Vinton.
General Greene.
Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1970 (reprint).

Greene, George Washington.
The Life of Major General Nathanael Greene. 3
vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1890.

Greenman, Jeremiah.
Diary of a Common Soldier in the American Revolution.
DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1978.

Gutstein, Morris A.
To Bigotry No Sanction.
New York: Bloch, 1958.

Harvey, Robert.
A Few Bloody Noses.
Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 2002.

James, Sydney V.
The Colonial Metamorphoses in Rhode Island.
Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 2000.

Ketchum, Richard M.
Decisive Day: The Battle for Bunker Hill.
Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974.

———.
The Winter Soldiers.
New York: Henry Holt, 1973.

Knollenberg, Bernhard.
Origin of the American Revolution.
New York: Macmillan, 1960.

Langguth, A.J.
Patriots.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

Leckie, Robert.
George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution.
New York: Harper Perennial, 1992.

Lee, Henry.
The Revolutionary War Memoirs of General Henry Lee.
New York: Da Capo Press, 1998 (reprint).

Lovejoy, David S.
Rhode Island Politics and the American Revolution.
Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1958.

McCullough, David.
John Adams.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Middlekauff, Robert.
The Glorious Cause.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Morrill, Dan L.
Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution.
Mount Pleasant, S.C.: Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1993.

Schecter, Barnet.
The Battle for New York.
New York: Walker, 2002.

Scheer, George F., and Hugh F. Rankin.
Rebels and Redcoats.
Cleveland: World, 1967.

Simister, Florence Parker.
The Fire's Center: Rhode Island in the Revolutionary Era, 1763-1790.
Providence: Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation, 1979.

Stegeman, John F., and Janet A. Stegeman.
Caty: A Biography of Catherine Littlefield Greene.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977.

Symonds, Craig L.
A Battlefield Atlas of the American Revolution.
Baltimore, Md.: Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1986.

Thane, Elswyth.
The Fighting Quaker: Nathanael Greene.
Mattituck, N.Y.: Aeonian Press, 1972.

Thayer, Theodore.
Nathanael Greene: Strategist of the American Revolution.
New York: Twayne, 1960.

Van Doren, Carl, ed.
The Portable Swift.
New York: Penguin, 1948.

Wood, W.J.
Battles of the Revolutionary War.
New York: Da Capo Press, 1995.

Wright, Robert K., Jr.
The Continental Army.
Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2000.

Unpublished Dissertations

Conrad, Dennis M. “Nathanael Greene and the Southern Campaigns, 1780-1783.” Duke University, 1979.

Tretler, David A. “The Making of a Revolutionary: General Nathanael Greene, 1742-1779.” Rice University, 1986.

The Rhode Island Historical Society and the University of North Carolina Press began publishing the papers of Nathanael Greene in 1976. The project is ongoing. When the thirteenth and final volume is published, scholars of the Revolutionary period will have at their fingertips one of the era's finest collections of primary documents. Without the work of the scholars and historians who collected Greene's manuscripts from dozens of libraries, this biography could not have been written.

Thanks, too, to the staffs at the following institutions: the American Philosophical Society, the David Library of the American Revolution, Guilford Courthouse Military Park, Independence National Historical Park, Monmouth Battlefield State Park, Morristown National Historical Park, the New-York Historical Society, the New York Public Library, the New Jersey Historical Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the University of Michigan, the University of Virginia, and Washington's Crossing State Park.

Members of the Greene family, especially Thomas Casey Greene, welcomed me to the annual celebration of the general's birthday in Rhode Island in 2003. It was heartwarming to see their reverence for their distinguished ancestor. On that occasion, Elizabeth Stevens of the Rhode Island Historical Society shared with me her discovery of the general's final orders to his army before leaving the South in 1783.

Thanks, too, to Mike McLaughlin, Tom Fleming, and Richard Brookhiser for their help and encouragement.

As always, Arthur Carter, publisher of the
New York Observer,
and Peter Kaplan, the
Observer's
editor, merit my gratitude and admiration.

Jack Macrae, my editor, is a wonderful storyteller and a serious scholar–his contribution to this book cannot be measured. His assistant, Supurna Banerjee, managed to create order out of chaos. Kenn Russell and copy editor Vicki Haire were a pleasure to work with.

My debt to John Wright can never be repaid. Likewise, my wife, Eileen Duggan, and our children, Kate and Conor.

Abeel, James,
210

abolitionists,
298

Adams, Abigail,
61

Adams, John,
61
-62,
130
,
148
,
155
,
311

      Continental army and,
55

      Greene's relationship and correspondence with,
84
-85,
87
,
88
,
122
-23,
128
-29,
131
,
135

Adams, Samuel,
36
,
123
,
155
,
311

Adlum, John,
97
,
98

Admiralty Courts, British,
26
,
33

Alexander, William, see Stirling, Lord (William Alexander)

André, Captain John,
229
,
230

Angell, Colonel Israel,
224

Apology for the True Christian Divinity, An
(Barclay),
21

Aquidneck Island,
186

Armstrong, General John,
144

Arnold, Benedict,
5
,
6
,
65
,
109
,
132
,
212
,
227
-28

      attempted betrayal of West Point,
123
,
225
,
233
,
282
-30

      British troops under command of,
244
,
245
,
263
,
279

      denied promotion to major general,
123

      Saratoga and,
148

Arnold, Jacob,
210
-11

Arnold, Thomas,
43

Augusta, Georgia,
274
,
275

Balsto Iron Works,
203

Baltimore, Maryland,
305

Bancroft, George,
130

Banks, John,
308
-309,
311
,
313
,
315

Barclay, Robert,
21

Barnabas Deane & Company,
203
,
308

Basking Ridge, New Jersey,
105
,
119
,
121

Bell's Mill, North Carolina,
254

Bernard, Francis,
50

Biddle, Colonel Nicholas,
162
,
163
,
171

blacks:

      in the Continental army,
296
-98,
300

         all-black regiment from Rhode Island,
60
,
185
-86,
191
,
296

      slavery, Greene and,
309
-10

Blackstone, Sir William,
23
,
29

Blanchard, Claude,
242

Bon Homme Richard
,
208

Boone, Thomas,
309
,
310

Boone Barony (Greene's South Carolina plantation),
298
-99,
309
-10,
315

Boston,
40
-42

      Boston Port Act,
40
-41,
42

      
Gage's tightening grip over,
44
,
45

      siege of,
1
,
3
,
47
,
49
,
52
,
62
-63,
64
,
67
,
70
-71,
72
-73,
78
,
95

      end of,
75
-76

      plans to end,
65
-67,
74
,
75
,
134

Boston Tea Party,
40
-41

Bound Brook, New Jersey,
120

Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania,
4
,
136
-40,
147
,
148
,
154

      Battle of,
220

Breed's Hill,
55

Britain:

      loyalty of colonists to,
67
-68

      Parliament,
see
Parliament, British

      taxation of the colonies,
18
,
23
-28,
29
,
38
,
40

Brooklyn Heights, New York,
79
,
80

Brown, Moses,
70

Brown family (of Rhode Island),
15

Bucks County, Pennsylvania,
163

Bunch of Grapes,
78

Bunker Hill,
55
,
56
,
99
,
260

Burgoyne, General John,
52
,
55
,
132

Burke, Andrew,
298

Burke, Edmund,
48
-49

Burke, Thomas,
292

Cadwalader, Colonel John,
108
,
114
,
169

Caesar, Gaius Julius,
2
-3,
4
,
21
,
29
,
40
,
89

Caldwell, Hannah,
220

Caldwell, James,
220
-21

Camden, South Carolina,
4
,
5
,
226
-27,
231
,
232
,
233
,
239
,
261
,
265
,
266
,
267
,
280

      Rawdon's evacuation of,
270
-71

Canada,
72
,
80
,
132
,
169

Carrington, Colonel Edward,
240
-41

Catawba River,
249

Chadd's Ford, Pennsylvania,
136
-38

Charleston, South Carolina,
5
,
80
,
89
,
241

      American control of,
302
,
303

      British evacuation of,
302

      as British stronghold,
274
,
275
,
279
,
280
,
284
,
289
,
295
,
296
,
298
,
299
,
300
,
301

      Rawdon's retreat to,
270
-71,
277

      siege outside,
216
-17