The Thing with Feathers (36 page)

romantic relationships.
See
love

Rosen, Jonathan,
30
,
40

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds,
43
,
191

Rubega, Margaret,
98

ruby-throated hummingbirds,
93

rufous hummingbirds,
93
,
99
–100

rufous-tailed hummingbirds,
91
–92

Russell, Andrew,
235
–36

saltmarsh sparrows,
252

satin bowerbirds,
206

Schachner, Adena,
135
–39,
143

Schieffelin, Eugene,
41
–42

Schjelderup-Ebbe, Thorleif,
147
–50

Schulz, Irena,
130
–32

self-awareness

chimpanzees and monkeys,
197
–98

humans,
190
,
199
–200

inferences about others and,
200

lack of,
195
–97,
201
–2

mirror test for,
187
,
189
–90,
200
,
202

See also
magpies

self-organizing systems,
31

Sheldrake, Rupert,
11
–12

Shelford, V. E.,
79
–81

Sigmund, Karl,
236

skuas,
254

smell, sense of.
See
olfaction; turkey vultures

Smith, Liberty,
29

Smith, Norman,
86

snowy owls

alien-force theory of irruption,
84
–85

approachability,
75
,
83
–84

diet,
79
–82,
83
,
86

as falcon prey,
76
–77

frequency of irruptions,
72
,
76
,
80
–81

human-related injuries and deaths,
82
–83

irruption (2011–2012),
71
–72,
73
–76,
77
–78,
81
–82,
84

life expectancy,
86

nomadic nature,
77
,
81
,
84
,
85
–86,
88

normal range,
72

overpopulation and search for territory,
82

starvation theory of irruptions,
73
,
79
–83

social hierarchy.
See
chickens; pecking order

sparrows,
10
–11,
252

Stager, Kenneth E.,
61
–64

StarFLAG project,
44
–48

starlings

conditioning to human presence,
114

emergence principles in flock behavior,
32

European,
29
,
40
,
41
,
114

flock size,
42
–43

introduction into United States,
40
,
42

murmuration display,
29
–31,
48

population decline in Europe,
43

revulsion toward,
39
–41

StarFLAG project on flock behavior,
44
–48

sun-based navigation,
16

3-D flock model,
37
–39

vocal mimicry,
41

Suarez, Susan,
123

sulphur-crested cockatoo,
129
–33,
135
,
138
,
139

superb fairy-wrens,
234
–36,
252

SuperCooperators
(Nowak),
238

survival of species.
See
evolutionary strategies

swans,
252
,
253

swarms,
42
–43

tippler pigeons,
15

turkey vultures

attraction to gas leaks,
60
–61,
62
,
64

food preferences and taste perception,
65

physical characteristics,
57
–58

preference for fresh meat,
63
–64

sterilization function of digestive system,
58
–59

Strycker’s photography project,
51
–52,
65
–68

studies demonstrating use of smell,
62
–64

studies demonstrating use of vision,
53
–56,
63

value transfer,
154
–55

Vander Wall, Stephen,
172
–74

vasa parrot,
252

vocal mimicry

bowerbirds,
218

in evolution of language,
142

rhythmic movement and,
137
–39

starlings,
41

Vogelkop bowerbirds,
206
–7,
214
–16

Voous, Karel,
85

Voyage of the Beagle, The
(Darwin),
54
,
113

vultures

black vultures,
57
,
63

digestion and immune systems,
58
–59

species of,
57

See also
turkey vultures

wandering albatrosses,
248
,
254
–56

Watson, John,
119
–20

Weekly World News,
84
–85

white-crowned sparrows,
10
–11

whooping cranes,
133

Wise, Randall,
158
–61