THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (164 page)

Houston, D. F.,
371
,
374

Howard, Michael,
14
,
56
,
85
,
154
,
235
,
336
,
354
,
684
,
830
,
835 – 41
,
843 – 7
,
852 – 3
,
855
,
869
,
891
,
894
,
901

Hughes, Charles Evans (1862 – 1948): U.S. jurist and politician;
Republican presidential candidate (1916);
secretary of state (1921 – 1925);
Supreme Court chief justice (1930 – 1941),
392 – 3
,
653
,
880

Hume, David (1711 – 1776): Scottish philosopher;
wrote
A Treatise on Human Nature
(1739),
142
,
334
,
641
,
852
,
894

Hundred Years' War (1336 – 1565):
period of Anglo-French animosity punctuated by long periods with no actual fighting,
21
,
486
,
830
,
831
,
850
,
864
,
891

Huntington, Samuel P.,
258
,
290
,
853
,
879

Hurd, Douglas,
302
,
445
,
461

Hussein, Saddam,
13
,
218
,
295
,
356
,
437
,
689
,
731

Iklé, Fred,
16
,
302
,
830

immigration,
248
,
284 – 7
,
290
,
487
,
595
,
637
,
670
,
695 – 7
,
713
,
720
,
723
,
726 – 8
,
736
,
749
,
794
,
848

information revolution,
303
,
305 – 7

information warfare:
attempt to penetrate and degrade an adversary's electronic communications and to protect one's own communications from interference,
318
,
327

Inquiry, The (1917 – 1919):
secret project, originated by Colonel E. M. House, to formulate America's plans for the post-World War I world,
314
,
398 – 9
,
410
,
662

International Court of Justice (ICJ): United Nation's principal judicial body,
replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ),
364
,
475
,
484 – 5
,
492
,
640
,
645
,
659
,
716
,
799 – 800

International Criminal Court (ICC): proposed by the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court (1998) (must be ratified by 60 member nations), a permanent court for trying individuals accused of committing genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity,
341

international order,
132
,
145
,
303
,
346
,
360
,
379
,
384
,
483
,
485
,
659
,
676
,
776
,
803
,
813
,
821
,
825 – 6
,
838
,
840
,
894

International Monetary Fund (IMF): U.N. agency whose purpose is to secure international monetary cooperation, stabilize exchange rates, and expand international liquidity,
484
,
883
,
706
,
728
,
741
,
753
,
766
,
800

Internet,
224
,
227
,
236
,
287
,
639
,
737
,
751
,
754
,
760
,
788 – 91
,
794
,
800
,
812
,
845

Iran-Contra Affair,
321
,
324
,
903
,
905

Israel,
96
,
218
,
268
,
278
,
280
,
319
,
329
,
475
,
682 – 4
,
686
,
688 – 9
,
693
,
726
,
729
,
732
,
745
,
758 – 9
,
763
,
882

Japan,
5
,
9
,
14 – 15
,
36
,
40 – 3
,
48
,
50 – 1
,
59
,
205
,
217 – 18
,
220
,
242
,
247
,
250
,
252
,
256
,
258
,
260 – 2
,
269 – 70
,
273
,
284
,
286
,
290
,
292
,
299
,
306
,
309
,
311
,
319
,
326
,
535
,
579
,
653
,
655
,
672
,
677 – 8
,
680
,
682 – 4
,
686 – 9
,
692
,
698
,
701 – 7
,
724
,
726 – 8
,
730
,
732 – 3
,
736
,
638
,
741 – 3
,
745
,
747 – 9
,
752
,
759
,
766
,
768
,
773
,
789
,
833
,
844
,
872
,
875
,
878
,
883
,
891 – 2
,
898 – 9

Jennings, William Bryan (1860 – 1925): U.S. lawyer and politician;
Democratic presidential candidate (1896, 1900, 1908);
secretary of state (1913 – 1915),
370 – 4
,
377
,
388

Joffe, Joseph,
309
,
851

Johnson, Lyndon Baines (1908 – 1973):
U.S. president (1963 – 1969),
58
,
229
,
394
,
631
,
716
,
784

Johnson, Ralph,
454
,
862

jus gentium
(in international law the “law of nations”): Roman law that applied to matters between themselves and foreign entities,
357

Katyn Forest: scene of 1940 Russian massacre of 4,000 Polish prisoners of war,
356

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928):
intended to “outlaw” war; signed by the principal European states, Japan, and the United States,
355

Kelsen, Hans (1881 – 1973): Austrian-born jurist, international law theorist,
362
,
584
,
587 – 93
,
596
,
598 – 601
,
605 – 6
,
829
,
872 – 4
,
895

Kennan, George, (1904 – ): U.S. diplomat,
266
,
361 – 2
,
653
,
655
,
847
,
895
,
897

Kennedy, Paul,
93
,
251
,
284
,
836 – 8
,
840
,
842 – 3
,
849
,
857

Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich (1881 – 1970): Russian politician;
last post-imperial Russian prime minister (1917);
overthrown in Bolshevik Revolution,
28

Keynes, John Maynard (1883 – 1946):
English economist; wrote
General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money
(1936),
404 – 6
,
409
,
576 – 7
,
662
,
845
,
899

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894 – 1971): Soviet Communist Party secretary-general (1953 – 1964);
Soviet premier (1958 – 1964),
57
,
834

Kim Il-sung (1912 – 1994): North Korean communist dictator,
51

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes,
417

kingly state,
95 – 7
,
101 – 3
,
105 – 30
,
133 – 4
,
136
,
139
,
140
,
143
,
145
,
207
,
215
,
278
,
344
,
346 – 7
,
484
,
494
,
496
,
499
,
501 – 2
,
505
,
510 – 11
,
516
,
519 – 24
,
527 – 9
,
534 – 6

Kissinger, Henry (1923– ): U.S. national security advisor (1969 – 1973):
secretary of state (1973 – 1977)
172
,
184
,
259
,
362
,
431 – 2
,
545 – 6
,
841 – 3
,
857 – 9
,
869
,
895

Korea,
655
,
672
,
686
,
687 – 90
,
793
,
698
,
700
,
703
,
723 – 5
,
732 – 4
,
736
,
738
,
745
,
747
,
759
,
766
,
773
,
783
,
882

Kosovo:
formerly semi-autonomous province of Yugoslavia,
13
,
31
,
161
,
226
,
276
,
294
,
297 – 8
,
302
,
307
,
326
,
416
,
418 – 19
,
422
,
432
,
468
,
471
,
473 – 4
,
638
,
648
,
734
,
746
,
776
,
793
,
804
,
847
,
851
,
891
,
901

Krauthammer, Charles,
270
,
273 – 4
,
336
,
848

Kuwait,
13
,
248
,
262
,
269
,
271
,
280
,
288
,
313
,
356
,
437
,
467
,
731
,
758
,
820

Lake, Anthony (1939– ): U.S. national security advisor (1993 – 1997),
298
,
355
,
457

Lane, Charles
453
,
862

Latane, Bibb,
413 – 15
,
427
,
444
,
452
,
454 – 5
,
458
,
460
,
466

Layne, Christopher,
250
,
847

Le Tellier, Michel (1603 – 1685): French statesman;
minister of state under Cardinal Mazarin;
war minister (1643);
chancellor at time of his death,
123

League of Augsburg (1686): formed to maintain the Westphalia agreements against French expansionism,
125
,
520

League of Nations: international body formed by states after World War I to avert future wars,
31
,
40
,
264
,
271
,
319
,
356
,
359
,
360 – 1
,
381
,
384
,
389 – 90
,
395
,
397
,
400 – 2
,
404
,
406 – 10
,
471 – 2
,
485
,
530
,
573
,
575
,
579
,
640
,
855
,
858
,
872
,
877

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646 – 1716):
German mathematician and philosopher,
519
,
528 – 9
,
530 – 1
,
533
,
535
,
537
,
641
,
867
,
869

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870 – 1924):
Russian Communist politician and revolutionary; first Soviet premier (1917 – 1924),
28 – 9
,
34
,
280
,
334
,
397
,
409
,
605 – 7
,
615
,
830
,
832
,
852
,
889
,
896

levée en masse
: program of French conscription,
5
,
74
,
151
,
162
,
175
,
207
,
538
,
842