The Putin Mystique: Inside Russia’s Power Cult (46 page)

²¹¹
Browne, John. Beyond Business. Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2010. From an excerpt published in The Times, February 5, 2010.

²¹²
Translated from an official transcript from the presidential site,
www.kremlin.ru

²¹³
Skrynnikov, R. G. Ivan the Terrible. Moscow: AST, 2001.

²¹⁴
From an interview with the author on September 24, 2011. See also: Arutunyan, Anna. “All the Prime Minister’s Men.” The Moscow News. September 26, 2011.
http://www.themoscownews.com/politics/20110926/189071296.html

²¹⁵
Ibid.

²¹⁶
See Arutunyan, Anna. “US leans towards Medvedev.” The Moscow News. March 14, 2011.
http://themoscownews.com/politics/20110314/188493495.html

²¹⁷
From an official transcript posted on the Prime Minister’s site,
www.government.ru

²¹⁸
Putin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, initially denied that Putin knew anything about the calendar. But when asked by Naomi Campbell, Putin said: “I like the girls a lot, they’re beautiful. The girls in the erotic calendar were courageous and they were not scared. As student journalists, they couldn’t fail to understand what might have been said to them after doing this. Nonetheless, they were not deterred and did the calendar anyway. So, frankly, that’s what I liked the most.” Campbell, Naomi. “When Naomi met Vladimir.” GQ. January 31, 2011.
http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2011-01/31/gq-comment-naomi-campbell-interview-vladimir-putin-fitness-tigers/fitness-regime

²¹⁹
“‘Twelve Moods of Putin’” hits Russia.” BBC Europe, December 6, 2001.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1694236.stm

²²⁰
As cited by Bolshoi Gorod, June 8, 2007.
http://www.bg.ru/article/6756/

²²¹
Brezhitskaya, Yelena. “PuTin vidim, chitayem Puin. Chto pokupaem?” Stavropolskaya Pravda, November 7, 2008.

²²²
Sivun, Oleg. Brend. Pop-art Roman. Novy Mir, 2008, No. 10.

²²³
From an interview given to Svetlana Romanova, Slon.ru. October 7, 2010.
http://slon.ru/russia/da_gde_vy_vse_vidite_v_nashem_kalendare_politiku-475994.xhtml

²²⁴
Pravda, February 1, 1935. 28 August 1936, T.H. Rigby, Stalin. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1966), pp 111-12. As cited in, McCauley, Martin. Stalin. Third Edition. Pearson Education Limited, UK, 2003.

²²⁵
See Ennker, Benno. “Struggling for Stalin’s Soul.” Personality Cults in Stalinism. Eds. Klaus Keller, Jan Palmer. Gottingen, 2004.

²²⁶
See Tucker, Robert C. “The Rise of Stalin’s Personality Cult.” The American Historical Review. Vol. 84, No. 2. April 1979.

²²⁷
According to studies published in March, 2013 by the Carnegie Centre.
http://www.carnegie.ru/2013/03/01/%D1%87%D1%82%D0 %BE- %D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2- %D1%80%D0 %BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0 %B8-%D0%B8- %D0%B7%D0%B0%D0 %BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0% B0%D0%B7%D1%8C% D0%B5/fo27#

²²⁸
Ibid.

²²⁹
Garbuznyak, Anna. “Zapad dolzhen uvidet pravilnuyu kartynku.” Moskovskie Novosti. November 25, 2011.
http://mn.ru/politics/20111125/307770840.html

²³⁰
Karatsuba, I.; Kurukin, I., Sokolov, N.;, Vybiraya svoyu istoriyu. Kolibri: Moscow, 2005.

²³¹
According to the philologist Mikhail Vaiskopf, the allegory of a “marriage” between the Russian ruler and the land or the people was appropriated from ancient, pre-Christian cults and superimposed on a theocratic worldview imported from Byzantium. Citing poetry from over a span of some 300 years, Vaiskopf noted the clearly erotic connotations of how Romanov rulers were described. Vaiskopf, Mikhail. “Brak s vlastelinom: eroticheskie aspekty derzhavnoi ritoriki.” Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye. No. 100. 2009.
http://magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2009/100/va8.html

²³²
Mayetnaya, Yelizaveta. “Sudba barabanschitsy.” Izvestia December 20, 2011.
http://www.izvestia.ru/news/510240

²³³
Shleinov, Roman. “Dengi Nashikh.” Vedomosti. No. 225. November 29, 2010.
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/250636/dengi_nashih

²³⁴
“Paren iz nashego ozera.” Kommersant-Vlast, No. 29. July 30, 2007.
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/790656

²³⁵
Shleinov, Roman. “Dengi Nashikh.” Vedomosti. No. 225. November 29, 2010.
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/250636/dengi_nashih

²³⁶
The Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Science published these findings in Rossiiskoye obshchestvo kak ono yest.. Moscow: Novy Khronograf, 2011.

²³⁷
The remark was made to oppositionist Duma deputy Ilya Ponomaryov shortly after the protests during a chance meeting in the hallways of state Parliament. Ponomaryov reported the exchange on his Livejournal blog and on Twitter.
http://ilya-ponomarev.livejournal.com/482999.html
Peskov later confirmed that he had said something of the sort in a private conversation, but downplayed its importance in an interview to Oleg Kashin. “U vsekh lagerei konets odin.”

²³⁸
The incident was captured on camera and shown by news channels.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeL1xv21oro

²³⁹
Blyth, Kristen. “Religious Radicalism in Russia: Hell, Heaven and the State.”
The Moscow News
. February 4, 2013.
http://themoscownews.com/russia/20130204/191202860.html

²⁴⁰
Ibid.

²⁴¹
Shargunov, Sergei. “Tost, kotory ustarel.” Svobodnaya Pressa. July 15, 2012.
http://svpressa.ru/society/article/57016/

²⁴²
As cited in: Svoboda, M. “Obraz tsarya vo ‘Vremennike’ Ivana Timofeyeva,”
Trudy otdela drevnerusskoi literatury. Vol. 52.
RAN, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinsky Dom), St. Petersburg: 2001, p. 389.

²⁴³
Ibid.

²⁴⁴
Ibid.

²⁴⁵
Uspensky, B. A., Zhivov, V. M. “Tsar i Bog: Semioticheskiye aspekty sarkalizatsii monarkha v Rossii.” Uskepsny B. A., Izbrannye Trudy. Moscow, 1994, p. 193.

²⁴⁶
Valdenberg, Vladimir. Drevnerusskiye ucheniya o predelakh tsarskoi vlasti. Territoriya budushchego: Moscow, 2006. First published in 1916, pp. 12-13.

²⁴⁷
Evans, J. A. S. The Age of Justinian. The Circumstances of Imperial Power. London, Routledge 1996, p. 62.

²⁴⁸
Wiles, Maurice. Documents in Early Christian Thought, p. 224.

²⁴⁹
Russel, Norman.
The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition.
Oxford University Press: New York, 2004, p. 23.

²⁵⁰
Dobbins, J. “The Imperial Cult Building in the forum at Pompeii.” Subject and Ruler: the cult of the ruling power in Classical Antiquity. Ed.: Small, Allistair. JRA Suppl. Ser. 17. Ann Arbor 1996, 99–114.

²⁵¹
Bibikov, M.V. “Velikiye vasilevsy Vizantiiskoi imperii: k izucheniyu ideologii I emblematiki sakralizatsii vlasti.”
Slovo.
http://www.portal-slovo.ru/theology/37836.php?ELEMENT_ID=37836&SHOW-ALL_1=0

²⁵²
Bibikov, M.V. “Blesk i nishcheta vaslevsov.” Obrazy vlasti, eds. Mikhail Boitsov, Otto Gerhard Oexle. Nauka: Moscow, 2008, p. 14.

²⁵³
Meyendorff, John. The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church. St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001, p. 45.

²⁵⁴
Rowland, Daniel B. “The Third Rome or the New Israel?” Russian Review. Vol. 55, No. 4 (October 1996), pp. 591-614.

²⁵⁵
Ibid., p. 255.

²⁵⁶
Image published in Ibid, p. 267.

²⁵⁷
Ibid., p. 269.

²⁵⁸
De Madariaga, Isabel. Ivan the Terrible. Yale University Press, 2006, p. 53.

²⁵⁹
Ivanov, Sergei. Blazhenniye pokhaby. Kulturnaya istoriya yurodstva. Yazyki slavyanskikh kultur: Moscow, 2005, pp. 265-287.

²⁶⁰
Ibid.

²⁶¹
Ibid.

²⁶²
According to a poll by the Levada Centre released in November 2012.
http://www.levada.ru/02-11-2012/doverie-institutam-vlasti

²⁶³
Belkovsky, Stanislav. “Papa ukazal put. patriarkhu.” Moskovsky Komsomolets. February 15, 2013. Belkovsky would be called in for questioning after several parliamentarians complained that the article was extremist. In the article, Belkovsky calls for fundamental church reforms, citing, for instance, its subordination to Stalin. At the end, Belkovsky suggests that Patriarch Kirill join a women’s monastery.

²⁶⁴
Garrard, John; Garrard, Carol. Russian Orthodoxy Resurgent. Faith and Power in the New Russia. Princeton University Press, 2008, pp. 25-37.

²⁶⁵
Latynina, Yulia. “Patriarch Kirill’s Apartment Buried in Sand.” The Moscow Times. March 29, 2012.
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/patriarch-kirills-apartment-buried-insand/455684.html

²⁶⁶
Shuster, Simon. “The Priest Who Beat Pussy Riot: The Orthodox Point Man with the Kremlin.” Time Magazine. August 20, 2012.
http://world.time.com/2012/08/20/the-priest-who-beat-pussy-riot-the-orthodox-point-man-with-the-kremlin/#ixzz24BRjcWT9

²⁶⁷
Gamov, Alexander. “Preemnik Yeltsina stradayet dalnozorkostyu.” Komsomolskaya Pravda. August 10, 1999. Like most aspects of Putin’s personal life, this cannot be verified. However, when Putin first visited Komsomolskaya Pravda as the director of the FSB in 1998, the journalist Alexander Gamov noticed that he was wearing a pair of glasses on a string, and, while not seeing things right in front of his face, was able to see things across the room.

²⁶⁸
From an official transcript posted on the presidential site, Kremlin.ru

²⁶⁹
Ibid.

²⁷⁰
According to official police figures, as cited by RIA Novosti.
http://ria.ru/politics/20120223/572376143.html
Moscow
police have been known to exaggerate figures for pro-Putin rallies, while downplaying figures for protests.

²⁷¹
This remark was overheard by my colleague, Natalia Antonova, who was standing a few metres away from me next to the stage.

²⁷²
The translation used here is that of Eugene M. Hayden; in the original Russian, the second line reads literally, “as our brothers die.”

²⁷³
From an official transcript, as cited by RIA Novosti,
http://ria.ru/vybor2012_putin/20120223/572995366.html

²⁷⁴
Barabanov, Ilya; Beshlei, Olga. “Antidot ot Nablyudatelya.” The New Times. No. 9, March 12, 2012.
http://newtimes.ru/articles/print/50844/

²⁷⁵
From a series of interviews Putin gave in 2000 to Andrei Kolesnikov, Natalia Timakova, and Natalia Gevorkyan. Ot pervogo litsa. Razgovory s Vladimirom Putinym.
http://archive.kremlin.ru/articles/book-chapter1.shtml

²⁷⁶
Ibid.

²⁷⁷
Felshtynsky, Yuri; Pribylovsky, Vladimir; The Corporation. Russia and the KGB in the Age of President Putin. Encounter Books, New York: 2008, p. 41.

²⁷⁸
In 2010, Marina Salye began giving interviews again, and the details of her report re-emerged, coinciding with a growing campaign of corruption allegations against Putin. Ivanidze, Vladimir. “Spasaya podpolkovnika Putina: vtoraya popytka.” RFE/RL. March 3, 2010.
http://www.svobodanews.ru/content/article/1983851.html

²⁷⁹
Felshtynsky, Yuri; Pribylovsky, Vladimir; The Corporation. Russia and the KGB in the Age of President Putin. Encounter Books, New York: 2008, pp. 85-90.

²⁸⁰
From a series of interviews Putin gave in 2000 to Andrei Kolesnikov, Natalia Timakova, and Natalia Gevorkyan. Ot pervogo litsa. Razgovory s Vladimirom Putinym.
http://archive.kremlin.ru/articles/book-chapter6.shtml

²⁸¹
Baker, Peter; Glasser, Susan. Kremlin Rising. Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the End of Revolution. A Lisa Drew Book/Scribner. New York, 2005. (Kindle Edition). Loc. 1256-68

²⁸²
See Olson, Mancur. “Dictatorship, Democracy and Development.” American Political Science Review. Vol. 87., No. 3. September 1993.

²⁸³
Hedlund, Stefan, Russian Path Dependence: A People with a Troubled History, Routledge, 2005.

²⁸⁴
As cited in: Kollman, Nancy. Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge University Press. 2012, p. 48.

²⁸⁵
See Pipes, Richard. Russia Under the Old Regime. Penguin Books, 2004, pp. 50-52.

²⁸⁶
See: Lotman, Iurii Mikhailovich. “Agreement and self-giving as archetypal models of culture.” The Semiotics of Russian Culture. Ed. Ann Shukman. Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan, 1984.

²⁸⁷
Burns, J. H. (ed). The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought c. 350-c. 1450. Cambridge University Press, 1988, p.64.

²⁸⁸
Bershidsky, Leonid. “What Alexei Navalny Learned from Obama.”
Bloomberg.
August 26, 2013.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-26/what-alexei-naval-ny-learned-from-obama.html

²⁸⁹
Kashin, Oleg. “Kogda Navalny stanet prezidentom Rossii.”
Slon.
September 10, 2013.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-26/what-alexei-navalny-learned-from-obama.html

²⁹⁰
Ignatova, Olga; Protsenko, Lyubov. “Kazhdomy svoi kandidat.” Rossiiskaya Gazeta. July 4, 2013.
http://www.rg.ru/2013/07/04/kandidati.html