The Perfect Machine (83 page)

considered for joint observatories directorship, 359-360, 361

and final trials and adjustments, 387, 391, 394-395

first official image exposed by, 395, 407

heart attack of, 406

at Monastery dinners, 64n

at Mount Wilson Observatory, 61-63, 64n, 65, 67-69, 96, 101, 110, 144, 148-149, 150, 158, 217, 219, 335

Palomar observing time of, 362, 406

Palomar project and, 92, 108, 125, 185, 213, 258, 334, 359, 380

suggested as astronomical director, 329

in World War II, 35 t

Hubble Space Telescope, 129n, 352, 416

Humason, Milton, 67-69, 96, 107, 108, 144, 149, 158, 185, 213, 258, 281, 302, 303, 306, 309, 322, 334, 413

Humphreys, W. S., 109

Hussey, J. W., 37, 209, 401

Ingalls, Albert, 93, 94, 225

Institute of Advanced Studies, 161

insurance, 248, 373, 412n

International Astronomical Union, 404

International Education Board (IEB), 71-88, 89, 91, 92, 105, 110, 114, 132, 158, 208, 259, 276

Irwin, E. M., 316

Iser, G. W., 155

island universes debate, 4, 20-23, 61, 62-63, 383

James, Alice, 4611

James, Henry, 45, 46n

James, William, 45, 46n

Jeans, Jarnes, 4, 166

Jensen (sculptor), 314

Jewett, Frank, 347

Johnson, Jack, 60

Johnson, Mel, 269-270, 363, 368, 375, 395-396, 397, 398

Johnston, Margaret, 123

Johnston, Thomas J., 103

Jones, Samuel R., t 24

Jones and Lampson Machine Company, 94

Journal of Astrophysics, 59

Kapteyn, J. C., 16

Karat, EI, vii

Karoloff, Hans, 392n

Keck Observatory, 129n, 415

Keeler, James E., 20, 34

Kenwood Observatory, 30, 35

Kepler, Johannes, 13

Keppel, Frederick, 87, 336

Kimple, Johnny, 294

Kincaid, Father, 202

Kitt Peak telescope, 414

Krick, Irving, 373

Kroon, Rein, 263-268, 287, 289, 290, 291, 297, 312, 328, 347

Ladley, William, 290-291

Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de, 66

Las Campanas observatory, 135n, 417-418

Laughton, Charles, 393

Lauritsen, Charles, 152n

Lawrence, Ernest, t 13, 274, 296, 366, 385

Lawrence, T. E. (of Arabia), 197

Lawrence, William L., 225

Leavitt, Henrietta Swan, 14, 15, 16, 17, 105

Lernaatre, George, 69

Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 41

Lewis, Sinclair, 8, 101

Lick, James, 27

Lick Observatory, 2, 4, 34, 152, 158, 191, 309, 383, 389, 414

Crossley reflector of, 19-20, 34, 383

Hale’s visit to, 29-30

120-inch disk and grinding machine sold to, 414

origin of, 27-29

Life, 380

Lillie, Howard, 172

Lindbergh, Charles, t97, 220, 333, 343

Littleton, George, 175, 204

Llewellyn Iron Works, 125

Lloyds of London, 248

London Daily Telegraph, 103

Lorentz, H. A., 46

Los Angeles, Calif.:

economy of, 2-3

growth of, 106, 401

railroads and, 1-2

Los Angeles TImes, 101, 102, 252

Lowell, Percival, 4, 43-44, 66

Lowell Observatory, 21, 66

Lundmark, Knut, 67

McBride, Dr., 45, 48

McCauley (Price), Anne, 176, 393-394

McCauley, George, 165-184, 188-195, 199-207, 209, 220-226, 232-241, 244-246, 248, 272, 276, 297, 328, 340-341, 414, 415

background of, 137

California trips of, 241, 243, 244, 273-274, 275, 393-394

Corning flood and, 234-237

at dedication, 393-394

disk shipment and, 250, 253

early Pyrex experiment of, 138-140

failed two-hundred-inch disk and, 199-207, 209, 220-223

Hostetter resented by, 221, 240-241, 272-273

at New York meeting, 167-168

120-inch disk produced by, 190-195

scars on second two-hundred-inch disk discovered by, 238-239, 240-241, 272

solubility problem hidden by, 188-189

successful two-hundred-inch disk and, 223-226, 232-241, 244-246, 248

two-hundred-inch disk fractures and, 277-283, 298

vacation of, 274-275

Woodbury’s book and, 329, 330

McCauley, George, Jr., 176, 202

McCauley, James, 176, 202, 234

McCauley, Mrs. George, 202

McClellan, Bill, 372n

Macdonald, Dwight, 179

McDonald Observatory, 91, 223, 309, 412n

McDowell, Clyde S. “Sandy,” 244, 248, 257, 261, 264, 275, 276, 288, 295, 298, 315, 336

background of, 227

builder sought by, 262, 286

drive and control system and, 310-311, 320, 328-329

hiring of, 227-228

mounting construction and, 262, 263, 286, 287, 288, 315

mounting design and, 262, 264, 285, 312

participants’ dislike of style of, 295-297, 328-332, 357

project style transformed by, 227-230, 265, 291-292

removed from project, 331-332

scale model favored by, 285

welded construction favored by, 262

Westinghouse work and, 287, 288, 315

McDowell, Mrs. Clyde S., 255

McKim, Charles, 87

McManus (GE executive), 147

McMath, Robert, 173n, 309-310, 313

McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 173n

McPherson, Aimee Semple, 114

Maltby, George, 203, 240

Manhattan Project, 357, 358-359, 366, 386

M. Mantois, 31

Mare Island shipyard, 262-263, 264

Markel, Lester, 64

Mars, 4, 43-44, 66, 380, 381

Marshall, Bill, 377

Marshall, Harley, 257, 352, 377

Marshall, Mary, 257, 377

Martel, Romeo, 124, 178, 214, 215, 261, 293, 295

Marvin, Charles, 109

Mason, Max, 85, 111, 179-180, 217-218, 229, 275, 291, 306, 310, 336, 366, 368, 369, 381, 387, 393

appointed Observatory Council

vice chairman, 276, 296

background of, 153

budget problems and, 350, 364, 379, 385, 387, 388

and Carnegie endowment of Palo-

mar, 336, 338-339, 340

Corning Pyrex disk manufacturing

and, 177, 179, 198, 202, 225, 244

disk fractures and, 278, 281, 298

GE disks and, 153, 158, 161, 162, 163, 167

Hale’s trust of, 153-154

McDowell fired by, 331-332

Mclfowell recommended by, 227

McDowell’s style and, 296, 328, 329, 331-332

Schmidt wide-field telescope and, 282, 341

Woodbury’s book and, 331

in World War 11, 347, 348, 351, 352, 363

Mayall, Nicholas, 60

media and publicity, 100-103, 179, 217-219, 268, 359, 380-381

Corning and, 168-169, 181, 196-205, 208, 223-225, 236, 239-240, 244-247, 249, 250

and final trials and adjustments, 387, 392, 394

GE and, 142, 147, 162, 166-167, 168-169

mirror move and, 373, 374, 376, 378, 380

Westinghouse and, 284, 287-288, 290, 292, 314, 319

Mellon, Andrew, 102, 179

Mencken, H. L., 96, 104, 142, 359

Mendenhall, George, 210, 211, 230

Merriam, John C., 75-76, 78, 80, 83-88, 150, 151, 208, 217-219, 276, 335-336

Michelson, Albert, 30, 148, 178, 179

Michigan, University of, 139, 158, 165

Corning disk order of, 191, 223, 233, 237, 280

Millikan, Robert, 59, 92, t 13, 148, 150, 152, 159-160, 161, 274, 275-276, 314, 361, 391, 393

and Carnegie endowment of Palomar, 336, 337, 338, 339

disk manufacturing and, 157, 163, 165, 298

joint observatories directorship and, 358, 359, 360

Palomar grant and, 79, 80, 84, 88

Shapley’s attack on, 104-105

in World War II, 348, 349

Minkowski, Rudolph, 353-354, 404-405

rnirror, Palomar two-hundred-inch:

astigmatism in, 325-327, 341, 386, 398, 412

center plug for, 300

coating and recoating of, 328, 381-386, 398, 413

design team for, 179-180, 276

disk for, see Corning Glass Works; General Electric

Ellis’s doubts GE work on, 134-135

final trials and adjustments of, 386-392, 394-398

fractures and checks in, 274, 277-283, 298-299, 325, 412

grinding of, 99, 116, 128, 133, 154, 155, 187, 269-272, 274, 277-283, 298-302, 323

installation of, 386

insurance of, 248, 373

materials considered for, 64-65, 74, 77, 80, 97-100, 111, 120-121

move of, to Palomar, 373-379

optical tests on, 323, 324-325, 344-346, 350, 365, 367, 390

optics and design of, 122-123, 129-130, 134-136, 179-180, 214

planning for, 95-100

polishing completed on, 367-369

polishing of, 99, 116, 155, 242-243, 323-325, 341, 344-346, 350, 351, 352, 365-369, 395-398

ribbed back for, 119-120, 135-136, 168, t 70, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 185

scars on disk for, 238-239, 240-241, 272

shipment of, to California, 247-254, 269

support system for, 239, 300-301, 326-327, 367, 386, 390-391, 392, 394, 412

work resumed on, after war, 365

mirrors, Palomar auxiliary, 126, 127, 134, 142, 182, 186, 187, 226, 320, 340, 369

Mobil, 318-319

Mochel, Norman, 287

Morey, George, 172

Morris Dam, 352, 364

Mosgrove, Alicia, 38

Mount Hamilton, see Lick Observatory

mounting, Palomar telescope, 226-227, 262-263, 281, 284-291, 314-315, 341-342, 346, 364, 366

assembly of, 316-319, 322, 370

bearings in, 216-217, 261-267, 312, 318-319, 371, 390

builders sought for, 226-227, 262-263, 286

carbon steel used for, 289

considerations in design of, 185-188

design of, 65, 120, 121, 123-125, 135, 136, 141, 143, 157, 185-188, 208, 212-217, 239, 261-268, 285, 308-312, 318-322, 328-329, 346, 370, 416

drive and control system of, 265, 266, 308-312, 319-322, 328-329, 341-342, 346, 364, 366, 370, 371, 386

fabrication of, 226-227, 262-263, 281, 284-291, 314-315, 341-342, 346, 364, 366

focus switching in, 186, 187, 320, 408

horseshoe design of, 212-214, 266-268, 289-290

Kroon’s design solutions for, 264-268

models in design of, 285

observation positions in, 187-188, 319, 389, 405, 407, 410

phantom telescope in, 321, 411

tubes in, 290-291

welded construction accepted for, 262

Westinghouse estimate for, 281

Westinghouse work on, 284-291, 297, 314-315, 346

Mount Palomar, see Palomar

Mount Wilson Contributions, 17

Mount Wilson Institute, 418

Mount Wilson Observatory, 2, 4, 13, 36-40, 75-76, 90, 99, 178, 304, 305, 335-340, 400, 401

adaptive optics at, 415-416

Caltech’s tense relations with, 150-151, 217-219, 335-340, 418

and Carnegie endowment of Palomar, 335-340, 358

Carnegie’s visit to, 44-45

completion of, 15

construction of, 37-39

drive and control system at, 309

electricity at, 316

embezzlement at, 218

first light at, 39

joint observatories system and, 358-361, 418

light pollution at, 106-107

Mars research and, 43-44

mothballing of, 418

observation procedures at, 68

observatory building at, 293, 322

one-hundred-inch project at, see Hooker telescope

Palomar grant and, 82, 83-88, 89

Palomar mirrors and, 125, 128, 132, 147

Palomar project administration and, 92, 112, 120, 217

Santa Barbara Street optics laboratory of, 38, 154, 242, 243, 257, 260, 335, 341, 389

seeing at, 53, 61, 106

Shapley appointed to, 5, 16

site selection and, 209

sixty-inch telescope project at, 37-39, 45--46

Solar Union meeting at, 46