The Mansion of Happiness (36 page)

BOOK: The Mansion of Happiness
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Before my mother married my father, who went to Clark University, she worked at the Milton Bradley Company. I was conceived the year Lennart Nilsson’s “Drama of Life Before Birth” appeared on the cover of
Life
magazine. As a kid, I played the Game of Life. In 1975, I went to Mass and prayed for Karen Ann Quinlan, although I can’t remember, anymore, whether I wanted her to live or to die. I remember only that I was terrified.

E. B. White is the writer who reached through the brambles of my childhood, grabbed me by the pigtails, and yanked. I always wished I could thank him. I once wrote him a letter on my father’s typewriter; I never had the gumption to send it. I owe him more thanks, since. “I finished ‘Stuart Little,’ ” a son of mine wrote when he was six. “I think E. B. White is saying, stick with it until you find it.”

I have never attended a Sex Weekend or slept in a Celestial Bed, and I do not run a Kitchen Efficient, but I did once work as a secretary at the Harvard Business School, for a management-consulting guru; I used to own a breast pump; my parents have lived longer than their parents; and the rules to the Mansion of Happiness hang by the front door of my house, where,
I like to think, they give strangers pause: “Whoever possesses AUDACITY, CRUELTY, IMMODESTY, or INGRATITUDE, must return to his former situation till his turn comes to spin again, and not even
think
of Happiness, much less partake of it.”

I have never frozen anyone. But I did once put someone I love in storage. That, I suppose, is where this book began. She was on her deathbed; I was on an operating table, trying to give birth, fast. She wanted to meet that baby before she died. Every minute mattered. I failed. He was born; she died; she never saw him. I wrote her eulogy from a bed in a maternity ward. Before she got sick, she had been writing a dissertation about
Cheaper by the Dozen
and
The Egg and I
, books she had loved as a kid. She had not gotten very far. When she really liked someone, she would say, “He’s a good egg.” She was a good egg. She bequeathed to me her books; I put them on my shelves. We scattered her ashes. Then I printed out the contents of her hard drive and carried that sheaf of papers to a library, where it was sorted and cataloged and put in an archive-quality box lined with acid-free paper and stored in a cool, dark, humidity-controlled room, a room where a life on paper lasts forever. I have always believed that the past contains the truth, that history explains, that archives save. I am forever meeting dead people in libraries, and they always have a lot to say. I thought: This should work.

Nine years passed. A nine-year-old in my house wanted to be Headless Ted Williams for Halloween. He trick-or-treated wearing a Red Sox uniform and carrying a papier-mâché head. When Halloween was over, he put Ted’s head on top of his dresser. All winter, he left it there.

“How long are you going to keep that thing?” I asked.

He shrugged. “Forever?”

That spring, the tenth birth-and-death day came, and I figured I had waited long enough. I went back to that library and opened that box and read every scrap. And I found out: she is not there. Folder after folder of her papers, and all that shouted out of that box was my grief. I closed the lid, regretted the box, and remembered Ted. And that’s why, days later, I flew to Michigan, to meet a man who freezes the dead, and found myself across the hall from hibernating bats and invisible cats, because I had thought: Maybe he can’t let go, either.

Most of the chapters in this book started out as essays in the
New Yorker.
I don’t know how to thank my editor, Henry Finder, any better than I knew
how to thank E. B. White—for a great deal, but especially for sending me to chase a mouse down the halls of the New York Pubic Library and to drive all over New Jersey, looking for the house where Karen Ann Quinlan used to live, to take a picture of a statue of the Virgin Mary in the front yard, for fact-checking. Dear Mr. Finder, It was good to get out. Gratefully, &c.

“A library is a good place to go when you feel bewildered or undecided,” E. B. White once wrote, “for there, in a book, you may have your question answered. Books are good company, in sad times and happy times, for books are people—people who have managed to stay alive by hiding between the covers of a book.” I met a lot of people in libraries while writing this book. Thanks to librarians and archivists all over the place but especially at the American Antiquarian Society; the Baker Library at the Harvard Business School; the Bryn Mawr Library; the Columbia Rare Book and Manuscripts Library; the Connecticut Valley Historical Museum; Cornell Library’s Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections; the Countway Library at the Harvard School of Medicine; the Gilbreth Library of Management at Purdue University; the Goddard Library at Clark University; the Gutman Library at the Harvard School of Education; the Houghton Library at Harvard College; the Milton Bradley Archives at Hasbro; the New-York Historical Society; the New York Public Library; the Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe; the Special Collections Library at Duke University; Time Inc. Archives; UCLA; the University of Florida, Gainesville; and Vassar’s Archives and Special Collections.

Many thanks, too, to Dan Frank, at Knopf, for encouragement and wisdom and deft suggestions at every turn. And thanks to Tina Bennett, as ever. Thanks to everyone who commented on portions of this work during lectures and seminars at Colby, Columbia Law School, DePauw, Harvard, Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Law School, MIT, Princeton, the University of Chicago School of Law, the University of Connecticut, the University of Massachusetts, and Yale. Thanks, too, to everyone I interviewed, especially Robert C. W. Ettinger. For stints of research along the way, thanks to Molly Morrissey Barron, Heather Furnas, John Huffman, Sara Martinez, Natalie Panno, and especially Emily Wilkerson. Thanks to Latif Nasser, for sharing with me a play he once wrote about an egg named Otto. Heartfelt thanks to friends and colleagues who read drafts of chapters: Elise Broach, Nancy Cott, Amy Kittelstrom, James Kloppenberg, Leah Price, Charles Rosenberg, Dorothy Ross, Bruce Schulman,
Steven Shapin, Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Sue Vargo, and Michael Willrich. Adrianna Alty navigated me through rough patches, to say nothing of New Jersey; Denise Webb taught me about redemption; and Jane Kamensky has walked me miles, through woods and around ponds and even over ice. And although everyone in my house hates it when I mention them, for which I adore them, here I must, nevertheless, thank They Who Must Not Be Named by promising that I will never serve Dog’s Vomit on Toast, or, at least, not ever again.

This book is dedicated to John Demos, who once wrote a book about the Puritan author of a book called
The Redeemed Captive
, whose dedication reads, “Sir, It was a satyrical answer, and deeply reproachful to mankind, which the philosopher gave to that question, What soonest grows old? Replied,
Thanks.
” I think, though, that thanks are unaging.

When I came home from Detroit, we put Ted’s head in a blue plastic recycling bin and left it out on the curb. He was pulped and bleached and made, I suppose, into a newspaper, ashes to ashes—or, at least, paper to paper. Since then, I have come around to thinking that archives save only what archives can save, nothing more and nothing less. Most of all, I have come to believe that what people make of the relationship between life and death has got a good deal to do with how they think about the present and the past. Hiding between the covers of this book, then, lies a theory of history itself, and it is this: if history is the art of making an argument by telling a story about the dead, which is how I see it, the dead never die; they are merely forgotten or, especially if they are loved, remembered, quick as ever.

A Chronology
A Select Chronology of Works and Events Mentioned
1516   
Thomas More,
Utopia
1550
Thomas Reynalde,
The Birth of Mankind
 
 
1638
Francis Bacon,
A History of Life and Death
1651
William Harvey,
On Generation
 
Thomas Hobbes,
Leviathan
1667
John Milton,
Paradise Lost
1678
John Bunyan,
Pilgrim’s Progress
1684
Aristotle’s Master-piece; Or, The Secrets of Generation
1689
John Locke,
Two Treatises of Government
1690
Cotton Mather,
Addresses to Old Men and Young Men and Little Children
1693
Locke,
Some Thoughts Concerning Education
 
 
1707
Mather,
The Spirit of Life Entering into the Spiritually Dead
1726
Mather,
A Good Old Age
1735
Carolus Linnaeus,
Systema Naturae
1752
Linnaeus,
Step Nurse
 
First issue of the
Lilliputian Magazine
1758
Linnaeus,
Systema Naturae
, revised
 
Benjamin Franklin,
The Way to Wealth
1762
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Émile; Or, On Education
1790
John Wallis, The New Game of Human Life
1792
Mary Wollstonecraft,
Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1793
Erasmus Darwin,
Zoonomia: The Laws of Organic Life
 
 
1800
The Mansion of Happiness (British)
 
The Mansion of Bliss
1827
Karl von Baer discovers the mammalian egg.
1829
Jacob Bigelow,
Elements of Technology
 
Thomas Carlyle, “Signs of the Times”
 
Joel Hawes,
Lectures to Young Men on the Formation of Character
1831
Sylvester Graham,
Thy Kingdom Come
1833
Graham,
Lecture to Young Men, on Chastity
 
First issue of
Mother’s Magazine
1834
Moritz Retzsch,
The Chess Players; Or, The Game of Life
1836
Dorus Clarke,
Lectures to Young People in Manufacturing Villages
1837
First issue of the
Graham Journal of Health and Longevity
1838
Hans Christian Andersen, “The Storks”
1839
Edgar Allan Poe, “The Man Who Was Used Up”
 
Graham,
Lectures on the Science of Human Life
1841
Catherine Beecher,
A Treatise on Domestic Economy
 
First U.S. patent for a baby bottle
1843
The Mansion of Happiness (American)
 
First issue of the
Child’s Friend
1845
Poe, “The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar”
1854
Henry David Thoreau,
Walden
1859
Charles Darwin,
The Origin of Species
1860
Milton Bradley, The Checkered Game of Human Life
 
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is founded.
1863
Charles Kingsley,
Water-Babies
1877
Charles Darwin,
The Descent of Man
1879
Henry George,
Progress and Poverty
1882
The English Society for Psychical Research is founded.
1883
Hyland Kirk,
The Possibility of Not Dying
1884
The American Society for Psychical Research is founded.
1886
Joseph Pulitzer publishes the first women’s page, in the
New York World
.
1887
Edward Wiebé,
The Paradise of Childhood
(published by Milton Bradley)
 
The American Journal of Psychology
is founded by G. Stanley Hall.
1889
Clark University is founded.
1896
Plessy v. Ferguson
1899
H. G. Wells,
When the Sleeper Wakes
 
Jack London, “A Thousand Deaths”
 
 
1900
Rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance
1903
Frederick Winslow Taylor,
Shop Management
1904
G. Stanley Hall,
Adolescence
1906
The Race Betterment Foundation is established.
 
Lewis M. Terman, “Genius and Stupidity”
1908
E. B. White, age nine, publishes his first poem, about a mouse.
1909
Freud and Jung visit Clark University.
 
The Harvard Business School opens.
 
The American Home Economics Association is founded.
1910
The Boston Wet Nurse Directory opens.
 
The term “scientific management” is coined.
1911
Children’s Room at the New York Public Library opens.
 
Frederick Winslow Taylor,
The Principles of Scientific Management
1912
Winfield Scott Hall,
Life’s Beginnings: For Boys of Ten to Fourteen Years
 
Frank Gilbreth,
Primer on Scientific Management
 
Christine Frederick,
The New Housekeeping
1913
First issue of the
Journal of Heredity
 
Winfred Scott Hall,
Sexual Knowledge: In Plain and Simple Language
 
Margaret Sanger,
What Every Girl Should Know
 
Adelheid Popp,
The Autobiography of a Working Woman
1914
Lillian Gilbreth,
The Psychology of Management
 
Sanger is indicted for publishing the
Woman Rebel
.
1915
The Baby Bollinger case
 
Christine Frederick,
Household Engineering
1916
Terman,
The Measurement of Intelligence
 
Madison Grant,
The Passing of the Great Race
 
Lillian Gilbreth,
Fatigue Study
 
Sanger opens up the nation’s first birth control clinic.
1917
Sanger begins publishing the
Birth Control Review
.
1918
Anne Carroll Moore begins reviewing children’s literature in
Bookman
.
 
Paul Popenoe and Roswell Johnson,
Applied Eugenics
 
The influenza epidemic
1919
First issue of
Better Times
 
Are You Fit to Marry
?
1920
Edwin E. Slosson founds the Science Service.
1921
Sanger founds the American Birth Control League.
1922
G. Stanley Hall,
Senescence: The Last Half of Life
 
First issue of
Reader’s Digest
1923
First issue of
Time
 
J.B.S. Haldane,
Daedalus; Or, Science and the Future
 
G. Stanley Hall,
Life and Confessions of a Psychologist
 
Equal Rights Amendment is introduced to Congress.
1924
Clara Savage Littledale, “Sublimation”
1925
First issue of the
New Yorker
 
Paul Popenoe,
Modern Marriage
 
The Scopes trial
 
Sinclair Lewis and Paul de Kruif,
Arrowsmith
1926
Paul Popenoe,
The Conservation of the Family
 
Clarence Darrow, “The Eugenics Cult”
 
De Kruif,
Microbe Hunters
 
First issue of
Children: A Magazine for Parents
(later
Parents Magazine
)
1927
Ernest Hemingway,
Men Without Women
 
The first issue of
Amazing Stories
 
Buck v. Bell
 
Lillian Gilbreth,
The Home-maker and Her Job
 
Thurman B. Rice,
The Conquest of Disease
1928
Sanger,
Motherhood in Bondage
1929
C. C. Little founds Jackson Laboratory.
 
Paul Popenoe and E. S. Gosney,
Sterilization for Human Betterment
 
James Thurber and E. B. White,
Is Sex Necessary?
1930
Paul Popenoe founds the Institute for Family Relations.
 
The parrot fever panic
1931
Aldous Huxley,
Brave New World
1933
Madison Grant,
The Conquest of a Continent
 
Germany passes its first sterilization law.
1936
First issue of
Life
1937
U.S. v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries
1938
“Birth of a Baby,”
Life
 
“Birth of an Adult,”
New Yorker
1941
E. B. White and Katharine S. White,
The Subtreasury of American Humor
1942
The American Birth Control League, having merged with Sanger’s Birth Control Research Bureau, becomes the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
 
The American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists is founded.
1944
Gregory Pincus founds the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology.
1945
E. B. White,
Stuart Little
 
Betty MacDonald,
The Egg and I
1946
U.S.A. v. Karl Brandt et al
.
1947
Thirty-five hundred Jewish and Protestant clergy sign a resolution in support of Planned Parenthood.
1948
Frank Gilbreth Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey,
Cheaper by the Dozen
 
Robert Ettinger, “The Penultimate Trump”
1950
Ettinger, “The Skeptic”
1953
Ladies’ Home Journal
begins publishing “Can This Marriage Be Saved?”
1955
Planned Parenthood begins discussing abortion.
1957
Pope Pius XII, “The Prolongation of Life”
 
Roth v. United States
1958
La Leche League,
The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding
1960
The Game of Life
 
The Pill first sold
1961
Medela introduces the first non-hospital breast pump.
1963
Hannah Arendt,
Eichmann in Jerusalem
 
Jessica Mitford,
The American Way of Death
1964
Stanley Kubrick,
Dr. Strangelove
 
Ettinger,
The Prospect of Immortality
1965
“Drama of Life Before Birth,”
Life
 
Griswold v. Connecticut
1966
First attempted cryogenic suspension
1967
Alan F. Guttmacher, ed.,
The Case for Legalized Abortion Now
1968
Stanley Kubrick,
2001: A Space Odyssey
 
Pope Paul VI, “On Human Life”
 
Paul Ehrlich,
The Population Bomb
 
Gordon Drake,
Is the School House the Proper Place to Teach Raw Sex?
1969
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,
On Death and Dying
 
Geraldine Lux Flanagan,
Window into an Egg: Seeing Life Begin
 
David Reuben,
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Afraid to Ask)
 
Kevin Phillips,
The Emerging Republican Majority
 
NARAL is founded.
1970
Nixon signs Title X providing federal funding for family planning.
1971
Nixon reverses his position on abortion.
1972
Ettinger,
Man into Superman
 
Woody Allen,
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)
 
Furman v. Georgia
 
The ERA passes and goes to the states for ratification.
1973
Roe v. Wade
 
The first human life admendment is introduced to Congress.
 
Peter Mayle,
Where Did I Come From?
BOOK: The Mansion of Happiness
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