The History of Florida (81 page)

25. McCal ,
Letters
from
the
Frontiers
, 193–94; Jeffrey A. Drobney,
Lumbermen
and
Log
386 · Jack E. Davis

Sawyers:
Life,
Labor,
and
Culture
in
the
North
Florida
Timber
Industry,
1830–1930
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1997), 52–54, 77.

26. The oldest recorded bald cypress in the world was located in Big Tree Park, a county

park in Longwood, Florida. Nicknamed the Senator, it was 3,400 to 3,500 years old, 125

feet tal (a 1925 hurricane removed 40 feet from the top), and 17.5 feet in diameter. An

arsonist destroyed it in 2012.

27. Howard T. Odum, “Cypress Swamps,” in
Cypress
Swamps
, ed. Katherine Ewel and

Howard T. Odum (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1984), 421.

28. Lawrence S. Earley,
Looking
for
Longleaf:
The
Fal
and
Rise
of
an
American
Forest
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 7, 13; Zora Neale Hurston, “The

Gilded Six-Bits,” in
Black
American
Short
Stories:
One
Hundred
Years
of
the
Best
, edited by John Henrik Clarke (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 67.

29. The account of the turpentine worker talking to Kennedy came from a visit to a

Louisvil e, Georgia, camp and is found in Stetson Kennedy,
Southern
Exposure:
Making
the

South
for
Democracy
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011), 61.

30. Doug Alderson,
Waters
Less
Traveled:
Exploring
Florida’s
Big
Bend
Coast
(Gainesvil e: University Press of Florida, 2005), 75; Cassandra Y. Johnson and Josh McDaniel,

“Turpentine Negro,”
“To
Love
the
Wind
and
the
Rain”:
African
Americans
and
Environmental
History
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006), 51.

31. Lovel,
Spring
Creek
Chronicles
, 84. On Simpson, see Cynthia Barnett,
Mirage:
Florida
and
the
Vanishing
Waters
of
the
Eastern
U.S.
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007), 21, who responds to the Simpson quote with very similar words. Charles Torrey

Simpson,
Out
of
Doors
in
Florida:
The
Adventures
of
a
Naturalist,
Together
with
Essays
of
the
Wild
Life
and
Geology
of
the
State
(Miami, Fla.: E. B. Douglas, 1923), 137.

proof

32. Many of those sources have been cited in the notes. A selected few others include:

David McCal y,
The
Everglades:
An
Environmental
History
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999); Kathryn Ziewitz and June Wiaz,
Green
Empire:
The
St.
Joe
Company
and
the
Remaking
of
Florida’s
Panhandle
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004); Jack E. Davis,
An
Everglades
Providence:
Marjory
Stoneman
Douglas
and
the
American
Environmental
Century
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009); Craig Pittman and Mat-

thew Waite,
Paving
Paradise:
Florida’s
Vanishing
Wetlands
and
the
Failure
of
No
Net
Loss
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009); Craig Pittman,
Manatee
Insanity:
Inside

the
War
over
Florida’s
Most
Famous
Endangered
Species
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2010); Michael Grunwald,
The
Swamp:
The
Everglades,
Florida,
and
the
Politics
of
Paradise
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006); Luther J. Carter,
The
Florida
Experience:

Land
and
Water
Policy
in
a
Growth
State
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974); Susan Cerulean et al., eds.
Unspoiled:
Writers
Speak
for
Florida’s
Coast
(Tal ahassee, Fla.: Heart of the Earth, 2010).

Bibliography

Alderson, Doug.
Waters
Less
Traveled:
Exploring
Florida’s
Big
Bend
Coast.
Gainesvil e: University Press of Florida, 2005.

Arnade, Charles W. “Cattle Raising in Spanish Florida.”
Agricultural
History
35 (July

1961):116–24.

Florida by Nature: A Survey of Extrahuman Historical Agency · 387

Barnes, Jay.
Florida’s
Hurricane
History.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,

1998.

Barnett, Cynthia. “Does Big Citrus Have a Future in Florida?”
Florida
Trend
46 (March

2003):46–51.

———.
Mirage:
Florida
and
the
Vanishing
Water
of
the
Eastern
U.S.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.

Berson, Thomas. “Silver Springs: The Florida Interior and the American Imagination.”

Ph.D. diss., University of Florida, 2011.

Clarke, John Henrik, ed.
Black
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Short
Stories:
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of
the
Best.
New York: Hill and Wang, 1993.

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Tequesta
24 (1964):49–57.

Hoyt, William D., Jr., and James B. Dal am. “A Soldier’s View of the Seminole War, 1838–

39.”
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25 (April 1947):356–62.

Davis, Jack E., and Raymond Arsenault, eds.
Paradise
Lost?
The
Environmental
History
of
Florida.
Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.

Davis, Mike. Interview by Jack E. Davis. October 28, 2011.

Derr, Mark.
Some
Kind
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Paradise:
A
Chronicle
of
Man
and
the
Land
in
Florida.
New York: William Morrow, 1989.

Diaz del Castillo, Bernal.
The
Memoirs
of
Bernal
Diaz
de
Castil o
volume
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Translated by John Ingram Lockhart. London: J. Hatchard Lockhart, 1844.

Douglas, Marjory Stoneman.
Florida:
The
Long
Frontier.
New York: Harper and Row, 1967.

Drobney, Jeffrey A.
Lumbermen
and
Log
Sawyers:
Life,
Labor,
and
Culture
in
the
North
Florida
Timber
Industry,
1830–1930.
Macon, Ga,: Mercer University Press, 1997.

Earley, Laurence S.
Looking
for
Longleaf:
The
Fal
and
Rise
of
an
American
Forest.
Chapel proof

Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo.
Journals
of
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson:
With
Annotations
. Vol. 1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.

Ewel, Katherine Carter, and Howard T. Odum, eds.
Cypress
Swamps.
Gainesville: Univer-

sity Press of Florida, 1984.

Glave, Dianne D., and Mark Stol , eds.
“To
Love
the
Wind
and
the
Rain”:
African
Americans
and
Environmental
History.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006.

Green, Ben.
Finest
Kind:
A
Celebration
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a
Florida
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Cocoa: Florida Historical Society, 2007.

James, Henry.
The
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New York: Harper and Bros., 1907.

Kennedy, Stetson.
Southern
Exposure:
Making
the
South
for
Democracy.
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011.

King, Edward.
The
Great
South:
A
Record
of
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Texas,
Missouri,
Arkansas,
Mississippi,
Alabama,
Georgia,
Florida,
South
Carolina,
North
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Kentucky,
Tennessee,
Virginia,
West
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and
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American Publishing Company, 1875.

Lanier, Sidney.
Florida:
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Aiken;
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Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1876.

Lovel, Leo.
Spring
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Stories of Commercial Fishin’, Huntin’, Workin’, and

People
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North
Florida
Gulf
Coast.
Tal ahassee: privately published by Leo Lovel, 2000.

388 · Jack E. Davis

———.
Spring
Creek
Chronicles
II:
More Stories of Commercial Fishin’, Huntin’, Workin’,
and
People
along
the
Gulf
Coast.
Tal ahassee: privately published by Leo Lovel , 2004.

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the
Frontiers.
Bedford, Mass.: Applewood, 1868.

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Land
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Dreams:
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Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.

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Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Simpson, Charles Torrey.
Out
of
Doors
in
Florida:
The
Adventures
of
a
Naturalist,
Together
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Essays
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Wild
Life
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Miami: E. B. Douglas, 1923.

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proof

21

The Maritime Heritage of Florida

Della A. Scott-Ireton and Amy M. Mitchell-Cook

Prehistoric Florida

Florida is a maritime state, and its history has always been tied to the oceans

surrounding the long peninsula and to the freshwater rivers meandering

through the interior. Florida’s maritime history began long before Euro-

peans dreamed of a New World across the Atlantic. Approximately 12,000

years ago, the first people arrived in what is today the state of Florida. No-

madic groups who sustained themselves through hunting and gathering,

proof

these people, called Paleoindians, are known today only through their el-

egant stone tools. In Florida, they utilized the area’s many springs and sink-

holes to obtain water and to hunt game drawn to these oases in what was

at that time an arid, savannah-like landscape. As described in chapter 1, the

geography of Florida was much different 12,000 to 14,000 years ago, when

much of the planet’s water was caught up in massive ice sheets during the

last great Ice Age. The resulting lower sea level made Florida much larger in

land area, with vast parts of the continental shelf, which today are underwa-

ter, high and dry. Paleoindians lived in these now-submerged regions, and

archaeologists find evidence of their habitation and hunting sites along relic