The Heir Apparent (100 page)

  
1
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Princess Alice, 7 July 1863.

  
2
.  RA VIC/Z464/72, Mrs. Bruce (widow of General Bruce) to QV, 29 March 1863.

  
3
.  Quoted in Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 56.

  
4
.  Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 2 April 1863.

  
5
.  RA VIC/Z464/73, Mrs. Bruce to QV, 1 April 1863.

  
6
.  Benjamin Disraeli to Lady Chesterfield, 15 December 1873, in
Letters of Disraeli to Lady Bradford and Lady Chesterfield
, ed. Marquis of Zetland (Ernest Benn, 1929), vol. 1, pp. 291–93.

  
7
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 14 May 1863. The originals of QV’s letters to Alice are in Darmstadt.

  
8
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 15 May 1863.

  
9
.  QV to Vicky, 25 March 1863; QV to Vicky, 4 April 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, pp. 186, 190.

 
10
.  QV to Vicky, 18 March 1863, 22 April 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, pp. 183, 202.

 
11
.  QV to Vicky, 24 June 1863, 11 July 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, pp. 236, 246–47.

 
12
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 17 June 1863.

 
13
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 7 July 1863.

 
14
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0121, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 9 April 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1022 and RA VIC/Add C07/1/1023, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 10 April 1863.

 
15
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0007, B to General Knollys, 30 January 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/114, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 5 April 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/115, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 8 April 1863.

 
16
.  Nancy Ellenberger, “The Transformation of London ‘Society’ at the End of Victoria’s Reign,”
Albion
, vol. 22 (1990), pp. 640–41.

 
17
.  Lady Knightley’s journal, quoted in Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 54.

 
18
.  Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 20 May 1863.
The Times
, 16, 19 May 1863.

 
19
.  Stanley Diary, 16 June 1863, in Vincent,
Disraeli, Derby
, p. 198.

 
20
.  Stanley Diary, 16 June 1863, in Vincent,
Disraeli, Derby
, pp. 198–99.

 
21
.  Alix’s measurements for 1863 are in the Poole Archive under the Prince of Wales’s entry.

 
22
.  QV to Vicky, 28 April 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 209.

 
23
.  QV to Vicky, 8 June 1863, in ibid., p. 22.

 
24
.  Royal College of Physicians, Shelfmark 718, Private Diaries of Sir Edward Sieveking of his Attendance on Edward Prince of Wales and Princess Alexandra (hereafter “Sieveking Diary”), 1 March 1863.

 
25
.  Sieveking Diary, 8 August 1863, 13 February 1864.

 
26
.  Ibid., 29, 30 May 1864.

 
27
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 10 June 1863.

 
28
.  QV to Vicky, 11 July 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, pp. 246–47.

 
29
.  Sieveking Diary, 10 August 1863.

 
30
.  Ibid., 13, 16 September 1863.

 
31
.  QV to Vicky, 5 September 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 261.

 
32
.  QV to King Leopold, 19 November 1863, in
Letters of Queen Victoria
(2nd series), ed. G. E. Buckle (John Murray, 1926), vol. 1, p. 117.

 
33
.  Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 14.

 
34
.  RA VIC/T4/42, General Grey to B, 8 February 1864.

 
35
.  QV to King Leopold, 19 November 1863, in Buckle,
Letters
(2nd series), vol. 1, p. 117.

 
36
.  Quoted in Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, p. 315.

 
37
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, V to Alice, 24 August 1863.

 
38
.  W. E. Mosse, “Queen Victoria and Her Ministers in the Schleswig-Holstein Crisis 1863–64,”
English Historical Review
, vol. 78 (1963), pp. 271–72.

 
39
.  Ibid., p. 282.

 
40
.  QV to Lord Russell, 1 January 1865, in Buckle,
Letters
(2nd series), vol. 1, p. 139.

 
41
.  RA VIC/Add U128/19, B to Philip of Flanders, 1 January 1864.

 
42
.  Frances Dimond,
Developing the Picture: Queen Alexandra and the Art of Photography
(Royal Collection Publications, 2004), p. 28.

 
43
.  Sieveking Diary, 8–9 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/86, B to QV, 8 January 1864, 10:30 p.m.

 
44
.  Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 62.

 
45
.  RA VIC/Z447/89, Lord Granville to Charles Phipps, 8 January 1864.

 
46
.  Lord Stanley of Alderley, quoted in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 289.

 
47
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 9 January 1864.

 
48
.  Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 62.

 
49
.  RA, QVJ, 8 January 1864.

 
50
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 9 January 1864.

 
51
.  QV to Vicky, 11 January 1864, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 289.

 
52
.  RA VIC/Z447/118, QV to B, 13 January 1864, Osborne, copy.

 
53
.  QV to Vicky, 12 March 1864, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 306.

 
54
.  QV to Vicky, 30 January 1864, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 296.

 
55
.  QV to Vicky, 13 February 1864, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 35.

 
56
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 27 April 1864.

 
57
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 27–28 March 1864.

 
58
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 30 May 1864.

 
59
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alice, 7 October 1864.

 
60
.  RA VIC/Y111/25, QV to King Leopold, 12 March 1864.

 
61
.  RA VIC/Z448/11, General Grey to Lord Russell, 25 May 1864. RA VIC/Z448/13, B to QV, 1 June 1864. RA VIC/Z448/17, QV to B, 3 June 1864.

 
62
.  E.g. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.

 
63
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 25 February 1864.

 
64
.  QV to Vicky, 30 March 1864, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 315.

 
65
.  RA VIC/Y111/24, QV to King Leopold, 11 March 1864.

 
66
.  Sieveking Diary, 22, 27 March 1864.

 
67
.  Ibid., 3 June 1865.

 
68
.  Ibid., 22 March 1864.

 
69
.  Ibid., 14, 29 February, 3 March 1864.

 
70
.  Ibid., 3 June 1865.

 
71
.  Downer,
Queen’s Knight
, p. 146.

 
72
.  RA VIC/Add C24/17, Lord Torrington to Delane, 18 December 1861.

 
73
.  RA VIC/Add C24/27, Lord Torrington to Delane, 16 March 1862.

 
74
.  Downer,
Queen’s Knight
, pp. 77, 145–46.

 
75
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0377, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 3 April 1864.

 
76
.  RA VIC/Add U128/21, B to Philip of Flanders, 12 July 1864.

 
77
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0377, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 3 April 1864.

 
78
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 30 May 1864.

 
79
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 16 May 1864.

 
80
.  RA VIC/Y111/25, QV to King Leopold, 19 April 1864, 12 March 1864.

 
81
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 16 May 1864.

 
82
.  RA VIC/Z448/54, B to QV, 7 October 1864.

 
83
.  Sieveking Diary, 31 August 1864.

 
84
.  RA VIC/Z448/54, B to QV, 7 October 1864.

 
85
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0305, QV to B, 1 October 1864.

 
86
.  RA VIC/Z448/57, QV’s note, n.d.

 
87
.  RA VIC/T4/45b, General Grey to Lord Cowley, 8 October 1864.

 
88
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alix, 12 November 1864.

 
89
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alix, 16 November 1864. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 19 November 1864.

 
90
.  RA VIC/Add C18/93, Diary of Lady Macclesfield, 9 November 1864.

 
91
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0311, B to General Knollys, 20 November 1864. See RA VIC/Add C07/1/0309, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 18 November 1864. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0310, Charles Phipps to Arnold White (solicitor), 20 November 1864.

 
92
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0313, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 22 November 1864.

 
93
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 1 January.

 
94
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 3 January.

 
95
.  RA GV/GG9/1044, Frederick Ponsonby to Sidney Lee, 2 December 1924. Jonathan Garnier Ruffer,
The Big Shots
(Debrett, 1977), ch. 2.

 
96
.  RA VIC/Z446/61, Charles Phipps to QV, 4 February 1862.

 
97
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 26 December 1864.

 
98
.  Poole Archive, Ledger Z, 12 April 1865.

 
99
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 April.

100
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0435, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 22 April 1865.

101
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0382, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 15 December 1864.

102
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 April. See John Martin Robertson, “Sandringham,”
Country Life
, 29 May 2008.

103
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, pp. 63–65. Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List.”

104
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0412, General Knollys to B, copy, 28 February 1865.

105
.  RA GV/AA25/32, B to George, 25 March 1908.

106
.  RA VIC/Z447/60, QV to Lord Granville, 10 February 1863.

107
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 16, 21 March.

108
.  BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 560787A, fol. 157, G. O. Trevelyan to Lee, 22 March 1923.

109
.  Stanley Diary, 30 October 1865, in Vincent,
Disraeli, Derby
, pp. 239–40.

110
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 2 June.

111
.  Sieveking Diary, 5 February, 3, 4 June 1865.

112
.  RA VIC/Z448/109, QV to B, 13 June 1865.

113
.  RA VIC/Z447/118, QV to B, 13 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/119, QV to B, 14 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/121, B to QV, 15 January 1864.

114
.  RA VIC/Z448/110, B to QV, 16 June 1865. RA VIC/Z448/111, Charles Phipps to QV, 17 June 1865.

115
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0457, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 14 July 1865.

116
.  RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 4, V to Alice, 5 August 1865; 19 July 1865.

  
1
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0485, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 6 December 1865. Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. xvii.

  
2
.  RA VIC/T4/78, Affie to B, 10 December 1865.

  
3
.  Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 3 and 24 April 1864.

  
4
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0485, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 6 December 1865.

  
5
.  RA VIC/T4/74, Alice to B, 19 November 1865.

  
6
.  Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, pp. xv, 49.

  
7
.  QV to Vicky, 23 December 1865, in ibid., p. 51.

  
8
.  QV to Vicky, 15 December 1865, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
p. 47.

  
9
.  QV to Vicky, 1 August 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
p. 86.

 
10
.  Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, pp. 114–15.

 
11
.  RA VIC/J81/102, Lord Clarendon to QV, 2 May 1866. RA VIC/Add U292/13, General Grey to Lord Derby, 13 July 1866.

 
12
.  Vicky to QV, 10 August 1866, in Buckle,
Letters
(2nd series), vol. 1, pp. 366–67.

 
13
.  Ibid.

 
14
.  RA VIC/T4/109, Vicky to B, 29 October 1866.

 
15
.  Vicky to QV, 4 December 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 110.

 
16
.  RA VIC/T4/125, QV to B, 21 December 1866.

 
17
.  QV to Vicky, 13 August 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 91.

 
18
.  Paget,
Embassies
, p. 203.

 
19
.  
The Times
, 10 November 1866.

 
20
.  RA VIC/Z448/135, QV to B, 16 October 1866 (copy). RA VIC/ Z448/138, QV to B, 20 October 1866 (copy). QV to Vicky, 14 November 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 105.

 
21
.  Vicky to QV, 7 December 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 111.

 
22
.  RA VIC/T4/117, QV to B, 20 November 1866. QV to Vicky, 14 November 1866, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 105.

 
23
.  Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 21–22 November 1866.

 
24
.  Sir William Knollys’s account of conversation with Princess Alice, 14 November 1867, in Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 95.

 
25
.  RA VIC/Add C7/5–7, Knollys Diary, 11 February 1867.

 
26
.  Sieveking Diary, 15 February 1867.

 
27
.  RA VIC/Add C7/10–11, Knollys Diary, 15 February 1867.

 
28
.  RA VIC/Add C7/5–7, Knollys Diary, 16 February 1867.

 
29
.  
The Times
, 18, 19 February 1867.

 
30
.  RA VIC/Z448/154, B to QV, 20 February 1867.

 
31
.  Ibid. Sieveking Diary, 20 February 1867.

 
32
.  RA VIC/Add C7/12, Knollys Diary, 20 February 1867.

 
33
.  RA QVJ, 23 February 1867.

 
34
.  RA QVJ, 27 February 1867.

 
35
.  RA VIC/Add C18/3, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 2 March 1867.

 
36
.  Quoted in Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, p. 83.

 
37
.  RA QVJ, 8 March 1867.

 
38
.  RA VIC/Add C18/7, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 9 March 1867.

 
39
.  RA QVJ, 6, 8 March 1867.

 
40
.  
The Times
, 15 April 1867.

 
41
.  RA VIC/Add C7/19, Knollys Diary, 18 March 1867.

 
42
.  RA QVJ, 23 March 1867.

 
43
.  RA QVJ, 4 April 1867.

 
44
.  RA VIC/Add A3/81, B to QV, 4 April 1867.

 
45
.  RA QVJ, 13 April 1867.

 
46
.  RA QVJ, 17 February 1867.

 
47
.  Private information.

 
48
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/1487, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 15 December 1865.

 
49
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1/0482, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 3 December 1865.

 
50
.  See Deborah Hayden,
Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis
(Basic Books, 2003).

 
51
.  Sieveking Diary, 15 February 1867.

 
52
.  Author email from James Lefanu, 19 November 2009.

 
53
.  BL, Paget Papers, Add MS 51237, fols. 20–21, Augustus Paget to Walburga Paget, 3 March 1863.

 
54
.  Stanley Diary, 30 October 1865, in Vincent,
Disraeli, Derby
, p. 240.

 
55
.  QV to Vicky, 19 May 1863, in Fulford,
Dearest Mama
, p. 213.

 
56
.  Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, pp. 86–87. Obituary,
The Guardian
, 2 March 2006.

 
57
.  Sieveking Diary, 30 March 1864.

 
58
.  Sieveking Diary, 31 March 1864. Neil Wear, “Joseph Toynbee,”
ODNB
.

 
59
.  Author email from Anthony Wright, 10 April 2011.

 
60
.  Poole Archive, DD569, 1867.

 
61
.  RA VIC/Add A3/84, B to QV, 3 May 1867.

 
62
.  RA VIC/Add C7/8, Knollys Diary, 11, 12 February 1867. RA VIC/Z448/155, General Knollys to QV, 20 February 1867.

 
63
.  RA VIC/Z448/159, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 10 May 1867.

 
64
.  RA VIC/Add A3/86, B to QV, 11 May 1867.

 
65
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 17 July 1865, November 1867.
Les Amours de Napoléon III par l’auteur de La Femme de César
[Pierre Vesinier], 4 vols. (Londres, 1864).

 
66
.  Émile Zola,
Nana
(Penguin, 1972), pp. 145, 151–52, 157.

 
67
.  RA VIC/Add C7/28, Knollys Diary, 20 May 1867.

 
68
.  Camp,
Royal Mistresses
, pp. 351–52.

 
69
.  Joanna Richardson,
The Courtesans
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967), pp. 28–32. Katie Hickman,
Courtesans
(Harper Perennial, 2003), pp. 249–51.

 
70
.  Vicky to QV, 6 September 1870, in Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, pp. 295–96.

 
71
.  QV to Vicky, 17 September 1870, in Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, pp. 295–96.

 
72
.  QV to Vicky, 7 August 1867, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, pp. 146–47.

 
73
.  RA VIC/Add C18/1, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 28 February 1867.

 
74
.  RA VIC/Add C7/32, Knollys Diary, 6 June 1867.

 
75
.  Hibbert,
Edward VII
, p. 87. See Camp,
Royal Mistresses
, p. 351.

 
76
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 October.

 
77
.  Stanley Diary, 18 June 1867, in Vincent,
Disraeli, Derby
, p. 312.

 
78
.  RA VIC/Add C7/35, Knollys Diary, 20 June 1867.

 
79
.  See Tolstoy’s
Kreutzer Sonata
(1889) for a meditation on the sexual mores of the time.

 
80
.  RA VIC/Add C7/37, 39–40, Knollys Diary, 3, 5 July 1867.

 
81
.  RA VIC/Add C7/88–94, Knollys Diary, 18, 19, 20 August 1867. Sieveking Diary, 5 August 1867.

 
82
.  RA VIC/Add A3/94, B to QV, 2 September 1867.

 
83
.  RA VIC/Add C7/98–9, Knollys Diary, 23 August 1867. RA VIC/Y44/107, Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg to QV, 28 September 1867.

 
84
.  RA VIC/Add A3/93, B to QV, 27 August 1867.

 
85
.  James Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
(Phoenix Press, 2000), pp. 82–88.

 
86
.  RA VIC/Y110/4, QV to King Leopold, 23 July 1863.

 
87
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 30 August 1867.

 
88
.  Hans A. Schmitt, “From Sovereign States to Prussian Provinces: Hanover and Hesse-Nassau, 1866–71,”
Journal of Modern History
, vol. 57 (1985), pp. 28–29.

 
89
.  RA VIC/Add C7/125, Knollys Diary, 23 September 1867.

 
90
.  RA VIC/Add C7/126–7, Knollys Diary, 23 September 1867.

 
91
.  QV to Vicky, 1 October 1867, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, pp. 152–53.

 
92
.  QV to Vicky, 5 October 1867, in Fulford,
Your Dear Letter
, p. 154.

 
93
.  RA VIC/Add A3/96, B to QV, 4 October 1867.

 
94
.  RA VIC/Add C7/140, Knollys Diary, 5 October 1867.

 
95
.  RA VIC/Add C7/143–44, Knollys Diary, 7 October 1867.

 
96
.  RA VIC/Add C7/149–50, Knollys Diary, 11 October 1867. See Battiscombe,
Queen Alexandra
, pp. 90–91.

 
97
.  RA VIC/Add C7/150, Knollys Diary, 11 October 67. RA VIC/Add A3/98, B to QV, 20 October 1867.

 
98
.  Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 2 October 1867.

 
99
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 10 October 1867.