The Female Eunuch (48 page)

THE RAW MATERIAL

1. Eleanor Maccoby,
   The Development of Sex Differences
   (London, 1967),
   passim
   , especially the ‘Classified Summary of Research in Sex Differences’, (pp. 323—51).
   

2. Lewis M. Terman,
   Genetic Studies of Genius (op. cit.
   ), p. 294.
   

3. Maccoby (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 35. 4.
   Ibid
   ., pp. 36, 37.
   

5.
Ibid
., p. 44.

WOMANPOWER

1. See Mary Ellman,
   Thinking About Women
   (London, 1969),
   passim
   . Mailer explains his concept of the novel as the Great Bitch and how women cannot be said to get a piece of her in ‘Some Children of the Goddess’,
   Cannibals and Christians
   (London, 1969), p. 132.
   

2. The term is culled from Cynthia Ozick ‘The Demise of the Dancing Dog’,
   Motive
   , March—April 1969.
   

3. Otto Weininger,
   Sex and Character
   (London, 1906), p. 236. 4.
   Ibid
   ., p. 241.
   

5.
Ibid
., p. 250.

1. Valerie Solanas,
   S.C.U.M. Manifesto
   (New York, 1968), p. 73.
   

2. Weininger (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 274. The claim that deceitful-ness is a sec- ondary sexual characteristic of the female mind has been made by many observers, including feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft who saw it as an essential consequence of female degradation and B. L. Hutchins,
   Conflicting Ideals: Two Sides of the Woman Question
   (London, 1913), ‘Girls have been brought up on intensely insincere ideals’ (p. 30).
   

3. Weininger (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 100. The assumptions that women perceive differently from men, are subjective rather than men and so on, despite the failure of testing
   

   to indicate any justification for them, are taken on trust by psycho- logists who deal with femininity. Deutsch luxuriates in extolling the value of women’s subjective, intuitive perception as the desirable complement to male objectivity and mental aggression.
   

4. T. S. Eliot, ‘The Metaphysical Poets’,
   Selected Essays
   (London, 1958), pp. 287—8.
   

5. Antonin Artaud, ‘Letters to Anaïs Nin’ translated by Mary Beach,
   

   International Times
   , No. 16. Letter of 14 or 15 June, 1933.
   

6. This quotation appears in Marshall McLuhan,
   The Medium is the Massage
   (London, 1967) ascribed to A. N. Whitehead, and a book called
   Adventures of Ideas
   . I cannot recall seeing it in
   Adventures of Ideas
   but it does catch the drift of much that Whitehead did say, e.g. ‘The Anatomy of Some Scientific Ideas’ in
   The Organization of Thought
   (London, 1917), pp. 134—90
   passim
   , or
   Science and the Modern World
   (Cambridge, 1927) Cap. v, ‘The Romantic Reaction’ (pp. 93—118)
   passim
   , or indeed
   Adventures of Ideas
   (Cambridge, 1933), pp. 150—51, 173, 184—5.
   

7. Weininger (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 149.
   

8. J. Needham,
   Science and Civilisation in China
   (Cambridge, 1954), Vol. II, p. 58.
   

9. S. Freud,
   Some Psychic Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes
   , Complete Works, Vol. xix, pp. 257—8.
   

10. Weininger (
    op. cit.
    ), p. 146.
    

16.
Ibid
. p. 186.

17. Norman O. Brown,
Life Against Death
(
op. cit.
), p. 145. 18.
Ibid
., p. 276.

1. Norman O. Brown,
   Love’s Body
   (New York, 1966), p. 80.
   

2. Weininger (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 198.
   

3. Edward de Bono,
   The Uses of Lateral Thinking
   (London, 1967), p. 31,
   cf
   . A. N. Whitehead,
   An Introduction to Mathematics
   (London, 1911), p. 138 and William James,
   Some Problems in Philosophy
   , Cap. X.
   

4. Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch,
   Venus in Furs
   (London, 1969), p. 160.
   

5. Rainer Maria Rilke,
   Letters to a Young Poet
   (Edinburgh, 1945), p. 23.
   

WORK

1. Unless otherwise stated statistics in this section are drawn from the
   Annual Abstract of Statistics
   , No. 105, 1968.
   

2. Higher Education, Evidence—Part One, Volume E: Written and Oral Evidence received by the Committee appointed by the P.M. under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins
   (London, 1963), pp. 1552—3.
   

3. The Ford strike was largely the result of the efforts of Rose Boland, the women’s shop steward. One of its results was the formation of the National Joint Action Campaign Committee, the most committed left-wing women’s group.
   

4. See ‘Equal Pay for Equal What’ by Hugo Young and ‘How Equal is Equal?’ by Vincent Hanna, in the
   Sunday Times
   , 1.2.1970.
   

5. Shirley Enticknap explained the objections of men trade unionists to their loss of control of women’s working hours in the
   News of the World
   , 7.9.1969.
   

6.
The Times
, 19.5.1969.

7. Reported in
Black Dwarf
, 10.1.1969. 8.
The Times
, 21.5.1969.

9.
The Times
, 4.6.1969.

1. See Pauline Pinder,
   Working Wonders
   , PEP Broad-sheet No. 512. Mrs Britain 1969 is a schoolteacher with four children.
   

2. The results of the Alfred Marks Bureau Inquiry were published on 19.7.1969 (
   Sunday Times
   , 20.7.1969).
   

3. Sunday Times
   , 27.7.1969.
   

4. From the classified advertisements of
   The Times
   , 4.7.1969.
   

14. Mary Hyde (
op. cit.
), pp. 91, 96, 102. 15.
The Times
, 22.5.1969.

16.
Petticoat
, 28.6.1969.

17.
The Times
, 22.5.1969.

18.
The People
, 11.5.1969.

1. News of the World
   , 20 and 27.4.1969.
   

2. Daily Mirror
   , 7.7.1969.
   

3. Suzy Menkes,
   How to be a Model
   (London, 1969).
   

4. ‘The Great Nude Boom’,
   The People
   , 1.6.1969.
   

5. It seems that strippers do not belong to their union, and dare not join because of the abundance of black-leg labour available. The average earnings are 6s. a strip, at fifty strips a week, in very poor conditions. (
   The People
   , 22,2,1970)
   

6. Witness the case of Valerie Stringer, a qualified electrical engineer who cannot find work (
   The People
   , 25.1.1970) and Dallas Bradshaw, a wireless operator who has fallen foul of the seamen’s prejudice that a woman at sea brings bad luck.
   

7. The selection of names is arbitrary. Every day the business sec- tions of the newspapers salute the new female arrivals in positions of power.
   

THE IDEAL

1. In the Renaissance simple statements of the Platonic concept of love were disseminated as commonplaces. To the basic arguments drawn from the
   Convivium
   and other dialogues were added the eu- logies of Cicero and Plutarch and the theories of Heraclitus and Ar- istotle. The essence of this mixture can be found in many places, from the courtesy books like the
   Cortigiano
   and de la Primaudaye’s
   Academie
   to the commonplace books and moral tracts for the con- sumption of the newly literate, e.g. Sir Thomas Elyot’s
   The Boke of the Governour
   (1531), Section 31,
   The Booke of Friendship of Marcus Tullius Cicero
   (1550), John Charlton’s
   The Casket of lewels
   (1571), Baldwin’s
   Treatise of Moral Philosophy
   (1550), Bodenham’s
   Politeuphuia
   (1597) and Robert Allott’s
   Wits Theater of the little World
   (1599). Pos- sibly
   

   the most accessible and the most elegant formulation is Bacon’s
   Essay of Friendship
   .
   

2. Schilder (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 120,
   cf
   . Norman O. Brown,
   Life Against Death
   

   (
   op. cit.
   ), pp.50—51.
   

3. William Blake, Poems from MSS,
   c
   . 1810 (
   Nonesuch
   , p. 124),
   cf
   . Suttie (
   op. cit.
   ), pp. 30—31.
   

4.
The People
, 12.11.1969.

1. A. H. Maslow,
   Motivation and Personality
   (New York, 1954), pp. 208—46; quotation from pp. 245—6.
   

2. Norman O. Brown,
   Life Against Death (op. cit.
   ), p. 144.
   

3. William Shakespeare, ‘The Phoenix and the Turtle’ (
   The Complete Works
   , ed. W. J. Craig, Oxford, 1959, p. 1135).
   

4. S. E. Gay,
   Womanhood in its Eternal Aspect
   (London, 1879), p. 4.
   

ALTRUISM

1. William Blake, ‘The Clod and the Pebble’,
Songs of Experience

(
Nonesuch
, p. 66).

EGOTISM

1. William Blake, ‘The Clod and the Pebble’,
   Songs of Experience
   

   (
   Nonesuch
   , p. 66).
   

2. Erich Fromm (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 38.
   

3. Honey
   , August 1969, ‘She Loves me Not’.
   

4. Weekend
   , 8—14 October 1969.
   

5. Mary Hyde (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 70.
   

6. Compton Mackenzie,
   Extraordinary Women
   (London, 1967), p. 107.
   

7. Letter to ‘Evelyn Home’,
   Woman
   , 3 May 1969, Vol. 64, No. 1664.
   

8. Lillian Hellman,
   An Unfinished Woman
   (London, 1969), p. 278.
   

OBSESSION

1. Christopher Marlow,
   Hero and Leander
   , p. 178.
   

2. Jean Racine,
   Phèdre
   , I, iii, pp. 151—2.
   

3. William Shakespeare,
   Romeo and Juliet
   , I, i, 11. 196—200 (
   Works, op. cit.
   , p. 766).
   

4. Kingsley Amis, ‘An Ever-fixed Mark’,
   Erotic Poetry
   , ed. William Cole (New York, 1963), p. 444.
   

5. Sweethearts
   , Vol. II, No. 57, December 1960, ‘Kisses can be False’.
   

6. Ibid
   .
   

7. Quoted in Albert Ellis,
   The Folklore of Sex
   (New York, 1961), p. 209.
   

8. Sweethearts
   (
   loc. cit.
   ), ‘When Love Calls’.
   

9. Datebook’s Complete Guide to Dating
   , edited by Art Unger (New Jersey, 1960), p. 89.
   

10. Mary Astell,
    An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex
    (London, 1721), p. 55.
    

11. Ti-Grace Atkinson,
    vide infra
    ‘Rebellion’, quoted from an article by Irma Kurtz in the
    Sunday Times Magazine
    , 14.9.1969.
    

12. O. Schwarz,
    The Psychology of Sex
    (London, 1957), p. 20.
    

ROMANCE

1. The publishers Mills and Boon asked Dr Peter Mann to analyse their readership and have bound up his report as ‘The Romantic Novel, a Survey of Reading Habits’ (1969).
   

2. Woman’s Weekly
   , 2.7.1969.
   

3. Mirabelle
   , 8.11.1969, ‘Saturday Sit-in’.
   

4. Georgette Heyer,
   The Regency Buck
   (London, 1968), p. 15.
   

5. Ibid
   ., p. 5.
   

6. Ibid
   .
   

7. Barbara Cartland,
   The Wings of Love
   (London, 1968), p. 152. 8.
   Ibid
   ., p. 47.
   

9.
Ibid
., p. 137.

10.
Ibid
., p. 191.

11. Lucy Walker,
The Loving Heart
(London, 1969), p. 226.

12.
Ibid
., p. 32. 13.
Ibid
., p. 171.

14.
Ibid
., pp. 53, 85—6, 91, 112, 191, 207, 228.

15.
Ibid
., pp. 253—4.

1. Run as a series by the
   Sunday Mirror
   26 October—16 November 1969.
   

2. Violette Leduc,
   La Bâtarde
   (London, 1967), pp. 341—2.
   

3. ‘The Sexual Sophisticate’ quoted in Phyllis and Eberhard Kron- hausen,
   Sexual Response in Women
   (London, 1965), p. 61.
   

4. Maxine Davis,
   The Sexual Responsibility of Women
   (London, 1957), p. 91.
   

5. Cartland (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 62.
   

6. D. H. Lawrence,
   Women in Love
   (London, 1968), p. 354.
   

7. From the advertising campaigns of Winter 1969—70.
   

8. ‘Woman to Woman’,
   Woman
   , 19 July 1969, Vol. 65, No. 1675.
   

9. Jenny Fabian and Johnny Byrne,
   Groupie
   (London, 1969).
   

10. Rey Anthony,
    The Housewives’ Handbook on Selective Promiscuity
    

(Tucson, 1960 and New York, 1962).

THE OJECT OF MALE FANTASY

1. Penelope
   , No. 194, 14 October 1969, ‘A Girl called Pony’.
   

2. Norman Mailer,
   An American Dream
   (London, 1966), p. 16.
   

3. Kate Millet, ‘Sexual Politics: Miller, Mailer and Genet’,
   New American Review
   , No. 7, August 1969.
   

4. Mailer (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 9. 5.
   Ibid
   ., p. 23.
   

6.
Ibid
., p. 25.

1. E.g.
   Umar in ‘Umar Walks the Earth!’
   Strange Tales
   , Vol. I, No. 156, May 1967, the villainess Hydra in
   Captain America
   , the Black Widow in
   Captain Marvel
   , Karnilla, Queen of the mystic Norns, who menaces
   Thor
   .
   

2. E.g.
   La Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo in
   On Her Majesty’s Secret Ser- vice
   .
   

3. Mailer (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 39.
   

4. Mickey Spillane,
   Bloody Sunrise
   (London, 1967), p. 74.
   

5. Mailer (
   op. cit.
   ), p. 36. 12.
   Ibid
   ., p. 168.
   

13.
Ibid
., p. 172.

14.
Ibid
., p. 102.

15. John Philip Lundin,
Women
(London, 1968), pp. 60—61. 16.
Ibid
., p. 101.