Authors: Philip Roth
As much, admittedly, from writerly curiosity as from tottering old genetic obligation, I have been racking my brain for forty-eight hours, trying to understand the reason for your overturning your life, when it's really not hard to figure out. Tired of the expectations of others, the opinions of others, as sick of being respectable as of your necessarily more hidden side, at a time of life when the old stuff is dry, there comes this rage from abroad, the color, the power, the passion of it, as well as issues that are shaking the world. All the dissension in the Jewish soul there on display every day in the Knesset. Why
should
you resist it? Who are you to be restrained? I agree. As for Lippman, I have a terrific weakness for these showmen too. They certainly take things out of the realm of the introspective. Lippman seems to me someone for whom centuries of distrust and antipathy and oppression and misery have become a Stradivarius on which he savagely plays like a virtuoso Jewish violinist. His tirades have an eerie reality and even while rejecting him one has to wonder if it's because what he says is wrong or because what he says is just unsayable. I asked, with excessive impatience, if your identity was to be formed by the terrifying power of an imagination richer with reality than your own, and should have known the answer myself.
How else does it happen?
The treacherous imagination is everybody's makerâwe are all the invention of each other, everybody a conjuration conjuring up everyone else. We are all each other's authors.
Look at the place you now want to call home: a whole
country
imagining itself, asking itself, “What the hell is this business of being a Jew?”âpeople losing sons, losing limbs, losing this, losing that, in the act of answering. “What is a Jew in the first place?” It's a question that's always had to be answered: the sound “Jew” was not made like a rock in the worldâsome human voice once said “Djoo,” pointed to somebody, and that was the beginning of what hasn't stopped since.
Another place famous for inventing (or reinventing) the Jew was Germany under Hitler. Fortunately for the two of us, earlier on there'd been our grandfathersâas you rightly reminded me Friday nightâincongruously wondering beneath their beards if a Jew was somebody who had necessarily to be destined for destruction in Galicia. Think of all they unpinned from our tails, in addition to saving our skinâthink of the audacious, inventive genius of the unknowing greenhorns who came to America to settle. And now, marked by the dread of another Hitler and a second great Jewish slaughter, comes the virtuoso violinist of Agor, and with him a vision, ignited by the Nazi crematoria, of sweeping aside every disadvantageous moral taboo in order to restore Jewish spiritual preeminence. I have to tell you that there were moments on Friday night when it seemed to me that it was the Jews out at Agor who are really ashamed of Jewish history, who cannot abide what Jews have been, are embarrassed by what they've become, and display the sort of revulsion for Diaspora “abnormalities” that you can also find in the classic anti-Semite they abhor. I wonder what you would call the waxworks representing those of your friends who scornfully disparage every introspective Jew of pacific inclinations and humanistic ideals as either a coward or a traitor or an idiot, if not the Museum of Jewish Self-Hatred, Henry, do you really believe that in the struggle for the imagination of the Jews the Lippmans are the people who should win?
I still find it hard to believe, despite what you told me, that your blossoming Zionism is the result of a
Jewish
emergency that befell you in America. I would never dare decry any Zionist whose decision to go to Israel arose out of the strong sense that he was escaping dangerous or disabling anti-Semitism. Were the real critical questions, in your case, anti-Semitism, or cultural isolation, or even a sense, no matter how irrational, of personal guilt about the Holocaust, there would be little to question. But I happen to be convinced that if you were repelled or deformed by anything, it wasn't by a ghetto situation, the ghetto mentality, or the goy and the menace he posed.
You know better than to swallow uncritically the big cliché they seem to cherish at Agor of American Jews eating greedily from the shopping-center fleshpots, with one wary eye out for the Gentile mobâor, worse, blindly oblivious to the impending threatâand all the while inwardly seething with their self-hatred and shame. Seething with self-love is more like it, seething with confidence and success. And maybe that's a world-historical event on a par with the history you are making in Israel. History doesn't have to be made the way a mechanic makes a carâone can play a role in history without its having to be obvious, even to oneself. It may be that flourishing mundanely in the civility and security of South Orange, more or less forgetful from one day to the next of your Jewish origins but remaining identifiably (and voluntarily) a Jew, you were making Jewish history no less astonishing than theirs, though without quite knowing it every moment, and without having to say it. You too were standing in time and culture, whether you happened to realize it or not. Self-hating
Jews?
Henry, America is full of self-hating
Gentiles,
as far as I can seeâit's a country that's full of Chicanos who want to look like Texans, and Texans who want to look like New Yorkers, and any number of Middle Western Wasps who, believe it or not, want to talk and act and think like Jews. To say Jew and goy about America is to miss the point, because America simply is not that, other than in Agor's ideology. Nor does the big cliché metaphor of the fleshpot in any way describe your responsible life there, Jewish or otherwise; it was as conflicted and tense and valuable as anyone else's, and to me looked nothing like the life of Riley but like
life,
period. Think again about how much “meaninglessness” you're willing to concede to their dogmatic Zionist challenge. By the way, I really can't remember ever before hearing
you
use the word goy with such an air of intellectual authority. It reminds me of how I used to go around during my freshman year at Chicago talking about the lumpenproletariat as though that testified to a tremendous extension of my understanding of American society. When I saw the creeps outside the Clark Street saloons, I thrilled myself by muttering, “Lumpenproletariat.” I thought I knew something. Frankly I think you learned more about “the goy” from your Swiss girlfriend than you'll ever learn at Agor. The truth is that you could teach
them.
Try it some Friday night. Tell them at dinner about everything you reveled in during that affair. It should be an education for everyone and make the goy a little less abstract.
Your connection to Zionism seems to me to have little to do with feeling more profoundly Jewish or finding yourself endangered, enraged, or psychologically straitjacketed by anti-Semitism in New Jerseyâwhich doesn't make the enterprise any less “authentic.” It makes it absolutely classical. Zionism, as I understand it, originated not only in the deep Jewish dream of escaping the danger of insularity and the cruelties of social injustice and persecution but out of a highly conscious desire to be divested of virtually everything that had come to seem, to the Zionists as much as to the Christian Europeans, distinctively Jewish behaviorâto reverse the very form of Jewish existence. The construction of a counterlife that is one's own anti-myth was at its very core. It was a species of fabulous utopianism, a manifesto for human transformation as extremeâand, at the outset, as implausibleâas any ever conceived. A Jew could be a new person if he wanted to. In the early days of the state the idea appealed to almost everyone except the Arabs. All over the world people were rooting for the Jews to go ahead and un-Jew themselves in their own little homeland. I think that's why the place was once universally so popularâno more Jewy Jews, great!
At any rate, that you should be mesmerized by the Zionist laboratory in Jewish self-experiment that calls itself “Israel” isn't such a mystery when I think about it this way. The power of the will to remake reality is embodied for you in Mordecai Lippman. Needless to say, the power of the pistol to remake reality also has its appeal.
My dear Hanoch (to invoke the name of that anti-Henry you are determined to unearth in the Judean hills), I hope that you don't get killed trying. If it was weakness you considered the enemy while exiled in South Orange, in the homeland it may be an excess of strength. It isn't to be minimizedânot everybody has the courage at forty to treat himself like raw material, to abandon a comfortable, familiar life when it's become hopelessly alien to him, and to take upon himself voluntarily the hardships of displacement. Nobody travels as far as you have and, to all appearances, fares so well so quickly on audacity or obstinacy or madness alone. A massive urge to self-renovation (or, as Carol sees it, to self-sabotage) can't be assuaged delicately; it requires muscular defiance. Despite the unnerving devotion to Lippman's charismatic vitality, you in fact seem freer and more independent than I would have imagined possible. If it's true that you were enduring intolerable limitations and living in agonizing opposition to yourself, then for all I know you have used your strength wisely and everything I say is irrelevant. Maybe it's appropriate that you've wound up there; it may be what you needed all your lifeâa combative métier where you feel guilt-free.
And who knows, in a year or two things may well change for you, and you'll have reasons for living there that will sound more congenial to meâif you're still talking to meâand that will in fact be more like what I imagine to be the reasons that most people live there, or anywhere, reasons that I don't happen to think are any less serious or meaningful than the ones you have right now. Surely Zionism is more subtle than just Jewish boldness since, after all, Jews who act boldly aren't just Israelis or Zionists. Normal/abnormal, strong/weak, we-ness/me-ness, not-so-nice/nicenessâthere's one dichotomy missing about which you said little, or nothing: Hebrew/English. Out at Agor anti-Semitism comes up, Jewish pride comes up, Jewish power comes up, but nothing that I heard all night from you or your friends about the Hebrew aspect and the large, overwhelming cultural reality of
that.
Perhaps this only occurs to me because I'm a writer, though I frankly can't imagine how it wouldn't occur to anyone, since it's finally Hebrew more than heroism with which you have surrounded yourself, just as if you went to live forever in Paris it would be French with which you constructed your experience and thought. In presenting your reasons for staying there, I'm surprised you don't harp as much on the culture you're acquiring as on the manliness flowing out of the pride and the action and the power. Or maybe you'll only come to that when you begin feeling the loss of the language and the society that you look to me to be so blindly giving up.
To tell you the truth, had I run into you on a Tel Aviv street with a girl on your arm, and you told me, “I love the sun and smell and the falafel and the Hebrew language and living as a dentist in the middle of a Hebrew world,” I wouldn't have felt like challenging you in any way. All thatâwhich corresponds to
my
ideas of normalcyâI could have understood far more easily than your trying to lock yourself into a piece of history that you're simply not locked into, into an idea and a commitment that may have been cogent for the people who came up with it, who built a country when they had no hope, no future, and everything was only difficulty for themâan idea that was, without a doubt, brilliant, ingenious, courageous, and vigorous in its historical timeâbut that doesn't really look to me to be so very cogent to you.
In the meantime, at the risk of sounding like Mother when you used to go off to practice the hurdles in high school, for God's sake, be careful. I don't want to come out next time to collect your remains.
Your only brother,
Nathan
P.S. You will see from the signature that I haven't bothered about changing my own name, but in England embark upon the search for my anti-self carrying my old identity papers and disguised as N.Z.
Next I recorded in my notebook all I could remember of my conversation the previous evening with Carol; it was seven hours earlier in Jersey and she was about to begin preparing supper for the children when I phoned in as my brother's deprogrammer before going to sleep at the hotel. Since Henry's disappearance five months back Carol had undergone a transformation remarkably like his: she too was finished with being nice. That relentlessly accommodating personality that to me had always seemed little more than a bland enigma was armed now with the necessary cynicism to ride out this bizarre low blow, as well as with the hatred required to begin to heal the wound. The result was that for the first time in my life I felt some sort of power in her (as well as some womanly appeal) and wondered what I could possibly achieve persisting on playing the domestic peacemaker. Wasn't everyone happier enraged? They were certainly more interesting. People are unjust to angerâit can be enlivening and a lot of fun.
“I spent Friday with him at his settlement and then stayed overnight. I couldn't use the phone to order a taxi the next day because they're all religious peopleânobody enters and nobody leaves on the Sabbath, and nobody could drive me, so I was there Saturday as well. I've never seen him healthier, Carolâhe looks fine, and, well, you ask me.”
“And is he doing all that Jewish stuff, too?”
“Some of it. Mostly he's learning Hebrew. He's devoted to that. He says his decision's irrevocable and he's not coming back. He's in a very rebellious state of mind. I don't see an ounce of remorse or any real yearning for home. No wavering at all, frankly. That may just be euphoria. He's still pretty much in the euphoric stage.”
“Euphoria you call it? Some little Israeli bitch has taken him away from meâisn't that the real story? There's a little soldier there, sure as hell, with her tits and her tommy gun.”