Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide (99 page)

66
. Nicolas Marmie, “Court Acquits Brigitte Bardot of Racism,”
AP
, January 23, 1997.

67
. Alex Duval Smith, “Brigitte Bardot Denies Race Hatred Charge,”
The Guardian
(U.K.), December 20, 1996,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3692965.stm
; “Bardot Convicted of Inciting Racial Hatred,”
AP
, October 9, 1997.

68
. “Court again Convicts Bardot of Racism after Anti-Islam Remarks,”
Agence France Presse (AFP)
, January 20, 1998.

69
. “Bardot Fined for Racist Remarks,”
BBC News
, June 16, 2000,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/793390.stm
.

70
. “Brigitte Bardot Guilty in Racial Hatred Case,”
AP
, June 3, 2008,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24948578/
; “Brigitte Bardot on Trial for Muslim Slur,” Reuters, April 15, 2008,
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL1584799120080415
.

71
. “French Screen Icon Bardot Fined for Anti-Muslim Remarks,”
AFP
, June 3, 2008.
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5h1N4N6pzrHw9Lunbyjbb4u4yrqxg
. In 1990, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre of the ultratraditionalist Catholic splinter group SSPX received a fine approximately equivalent to $900 for telling non-Muslim listeners that once Europe’s Muslim population grew, their wives and children would “be kidnapped and dragged off to a certain kind of places [sic] as they exist in Casablanca”; Koenraad Elst, “The Rushdie Rules,”
Middle East Quarterly
5, no. 2 (June 1998):
http://www.meforum.org/395/the-rushdie-rules
.

72
. “Italian Writer Fallaci Responds to Group’s Assessment of Book As ‘Islamophobe Attack,’”
AP
, June 11, 2002,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-53556849.html
.

73
. “French Court Allows ‘Anti-Islamic’ Book,”
BBC News
, June 21, 2002,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2058520.stm
.

74
. In a 2002
Le Monde
article; see, e.g., “Swiss Muslim Teacher Fired over Defense of Stoning for Adultery,”
AP
, February 5, 2003; “Swiss Muslims File Suit over Fallaci Book,”
AFP
, June 20, 2002,
http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01072002/0107200263.htm
.

75
. Margaret Talbot, “The Agitator; Oriana Fallaci Directs Her Fury Toward Islam,”
New Yorker
82, no. 16 (June 5, 2006):
http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/05/060605fa_fact
.

76
. Marta Falconi, “Judge Orders Italian Author to Stand Trial on Charges of Public Defamation Against Islam,”
AP
, May 25, 2005,
http://www.warriorsfortruth.com/oriana-fallaci-muslim-book.html
; John Hooper, “Anti-Islamic Italian Author in New Legal Fight,”
The Guardian
, July 13, 2005,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jul/13/books.italy
; Christian Spillman, “Church and Pope Defend Crucifix in Italian Schools,”
AFP
, December 11, 2003. His request regarding the crucifixes was upheld by a local judge, but the ruling was later overturned.

77
. “Muslim Activist Sues Pope, Cardinal, for Comments about Superiority of Christianity,”
AP
, February 28, 2004,
http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=28012
; Maria Sanminiatelli, “From the Fringes, an Italian Muslim Uses Courts to Battle Pope and Others, Defend Islam,”
AP
, August 27, 2005.

78
. Oriana Fallaci,
The Strength of Reason
(New York: Rizzolo International Publications, Inc., 2006), 263–64.

79
. Falconi, “Judge Orders Italian Author to Stand Trial”; Hooper, “Anti-Islamic Italian Author in New Legal Fight”; Barbara McMahon, “Author’s Trial for Defaming Islam Begins,”
The Guardian
, June 13, 2006,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jun/13/books.italy
.

80
. Francoise Michel, “Death of Oriana Fallaci, War Reporter Turned Scourge of Islam,”
AFP
, September 15, 2006.

81
. “Adel Smith, 6 Months Sentence for Defaming religion,” Agenzia Giornalistica Italia, June 14, 2005; “Italy: Court Rules Against Stiffer Penalties for Catholicism’s Slanderers,” AdnkronosInternational, April 29, 2005; “Insults Against Catholicism Same As Other Creeds, Court Says,” ANSA English Media Service, April, 29, 2005.

82
. “Freedom in the World: Country Report—Finland,”
Freedom House
, 2009,
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7608
.

83
. Decision on possible criminal proceedings in the case of
Jyllands-Posten’s
article.

84
. Ibid.

85
. “Danish Court Rejects Civil Suit,”
BBC News
, October 26, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6087506.stm
.

86
. “Danish Appeals Court Rejects Lawsuit Against Newspaper That Published Prophet Cartoons,”
International Herald Tribune
, June 19, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/19/world/europe/19iht-islam.4.13840577.html
.

87
.
World Report 2009—Denmark
, Reporters Without Borders, May 1, 2009,
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,DNK,4562d8b62,49fea994c,0.html
.

88
. “French Paper Cleared in Muhammad Drawings Case,”
AP
, March 22, 2007,
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1075438.html
; Janssen, “Limits to expression on religion in France.”

89
. Philippe Val, “Modern Blasphemy,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 21, 2007.

90
. “French Paper Cleared”; Val, “Modern Blasphemy.”

91
. “Editor Defends Prophet Cartoons,”
BBC News
, February 7, 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6337307.stm
; Val, “Modern Blasphemy.”

92
. “Editor Defends Prophet Cartoons.”

93
. “French Paper Cleared”; Pascal Mbongo, “Hate Speech, Extreme Speech, and Collective Defamation in French Law,” in
Extreme Speech and Democracy
, 232–33; “Danish Newspaper Hails Acquittal in French Cartoons Trial,”
AFP
, March 22, 2007,
http://neveryetmelted.com/2007/03/22/charlie-hebdo-acquitted/
.

94
. Janssen, “Limits to Expression on Religion in France.”

95
. Alberta Human Rights and Citizenship Commission complaint form,
http://westernstandard.blogs.com/shotgun/files/soharwardy_complaint.pdf
; Syed B. Soharwardy, “Ezra Wrong About Islam,”
Calgary Sun
(Alberta), March 20, 2006.

96
. Carly Weeks, “Islamic Group Takes Cartoon Case to Tribunal,”
Ottawa Citizen
, February 16, 2006,
http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2008/05/08/herald-cartoon.html
.

97
. “Alta Human Rights Complaint Filed over Muslim Editorial Cartoons,” Canadian
Press NewsWire
, February 15, 2006,
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/windsor/story/2010/03/12/mont-gazette-cartoon-niqab-aislin.html
; “Alta Crown Suggests No Charges for Publications That Printed Muslim Cartoons,”
Canadian Press NewsWire
, February 22, 2006.

98
. Jason Fekete, “Publisher Defends Cartoons,”
The Calgary Herald
, January 11, 2008,
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060213/cartoons_060213/20060213?hub=TopStories
; Ezra Levant, “What a Strange Place Canada Is,”
Globe and Mail
(online), January 21, 2008,
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/article661959.ece
.

99
. Ezra Levant, “ ‘Human Rights’ vs. Magna Carta,”
National Post
, January 15, 2008,
http://www.quebecoislibre.org/08/080120-3.htm
.

100
. Graeme Morton for Canwest News Service, “Muslim Leader Drops Complaint Against Levant,”
National Post
, February 13, 2008,
http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=304005
; “Former Publisher to Sue Muslim Leader Who Filed Human Rights
Complaints,”
CBC News
, February 13, 2008,
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/02/13/levant-cartoons.html
.

101
. Joseph Brean, “Muslim Complaint Rejected Against Danish Cartoons Published in Alberta,”
Canwest News Service
, August 6, 2008; Ezra Levant, “How I Beat the Fatwa, and Lost My Freedom,”
National Post
, August 6, 2008,
http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2008/08/06/ezra-levant-how-i-beat-the-fatwa-and-lost-my-free-dom.aspx
.

102
. Andrew Higgins, “Why Islam Is Unfunny for a Cartoonist,”
Wall Street Journal
, July 12, 2008,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121581460304047109.html
.

103
. Andrew Osborn, “Tirade Against Islam Dismays Dutch Muslims,”
The Guardian
, January 29, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/jan/29/thefarright.islam
; Ayaan Hirsi Ali, “Islam’s Silent Moderates,”
New York Times
, December 7, 2007,
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/07/opinion/07ali.html
.

104
. Toby Sterling, “Dutch Politician Can Write Sequel to Controversial Film, Court Rules,”
AP
, March 15, 2005. Interview with Hirsi Ali by Nina Shea on November 3, 2010.

105
. “Dutch Protest Against Islam Critic’s Koran Film,”
MSNBC.com
, March 22, 2008,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23757212/
; on
Fitna
see above, chap. 10.

106
. “Amsterdam Court of Appeals Orders the Criminal Prosecution of the Member of Parliament of the Dutch Second Chamber Geert Wilders,”
Rechtspraak.nl
, January 21, 2008,
http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Gerechten/Gerechtshoven/Amsterdam/Actualiteiten/Amsterdam+Court+of+Appeal+orders+the+criminal+prosecution+of+the+Member+of+Parliament+of+the+Dutch+S.htm
; “Dutch Lawmaker Wilders to Be Prosecuted for Anti-Islam Comments,”
Bloomberg
, January 21, 2009,
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=anIUQcBjnZmk&refer=europe
.

107
. “Anti-Islam Lawmaker Appeals Hate Speech Charges,”
International Herald Tribune
, February 3, 2009,
http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=200905200911dowjonesdjonline000610
; Folkert Jensma, “Has Wilders Broken the Law?”
NRC Handelsblad
, January 19, 2010,
http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2462698.ece/Has_Wilders_broken_the_law
.

108
. Summons of the Accused, District Court Office of the Public Prosecutor,
http://www.wilder-sontrial.com/images/stories/dagvaarding_ENG.pdf
.

109
. “Court Limits Wilders’ Witness List,”
DutchNews.nl
, February 3, 2010,
http://www.dutch-news.nl/news/archives/2010/02/court_limits_wilders_witness_l.php
.

110
. Joan Clements, “Jacqui Smith’s Ban on Anti-Muslim Dutch MP Triggers Diplomatic Row with Holland,”
Telegraph
, February 11, 2009,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/4592536/Jacqui-Smiths-ban-on-anti-Muslim-Dutch-MP-triggers-diplomatic-row-with-Holland.html
. Baroness Cox and Lord Pearson stated that, while they disagreed with Wilders’s proposal to ban the Qur’an, they suspected he would not have been barred from entering the country had he instead proposed banning the Bible.

111
. “Banned Dutch MP Held at Heathrow,”
BBC News
, February 12, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7886491.stm
.

112
. Beverley Rouse, “Named and Shamed: The 16 Barred from the UK,”
The Independent
, May 5, 2009,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/16-banned-from-britain-named-and-shamed-1679127.html
; “UK ‘Least Wanted’ List Published,”
BBC News
, May 5, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8033060.stm
. Similar measures were used in the 1980s and early 1990s against Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, a German nationalist, and a French Holocaust denier who had planned to speak to a group of neo-Nazis; see Joanna Oyediran, “The United Kingdom’s Compliance with Article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,” in
Striking a Balance
, 252–53. They were also used for blasphemy prevention in 1977, when Danish artist Jens Jurgen Thursen was barred from entering the United Kingdom as his plan to shoot the movie
The Sex Life of Christ
was deemed an offense against public morals; see Nash,
Blasphemy in the Christian World
, 205.

113
. Alan Travis, “Geert Wilders Wins Appeal Against Ban on Travelling to UK,”
The Guardian
, October 13, 2009,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/13/geert-wilders-wins-appeal-ban-uk
; Wilders’s legal counsel in his appeal to the tribunal was Arfan Khan, described by the
Guardian
as “a British Muslim barrister.”