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Section 3

Organic syndromes of schizophrenia: genetic disorders related to SLP

of schizophrenia

Bryan Mowry

Facts box

SZ
[2],
and in 1946, Kallmann analyzed 691 SZ twin
r

families
[3].
Decades of family
[4],
twin
[5, 6],
and
Schizophrenia (SZ) has a substantial genetic
adoption studies
[7, 8]
have substantiated these early
predisposition.

views indicating a substantial genetic component to
r
The inheritance pattern is complex, likely
SZ risk, with an 80% heritability (the proportion of
involving multiple, commonly occurring risk
the total phenotypic variance explained by genetic fac-variants, each exerting a modest effect on
tors)
[9, 10],
a 50% concordance rate in monozygotic
overall disease risk.

twins, and a 10% risk to siblings relative to a 1% gen-r
Significant progress has recently occurred
eral population risk
[11]
. The inheritance pattern is
with consensus chromosomal regions being

complex (i.e. non-Mendelian), and there are no known
linked to SZ and specific candidate genes,

familial subtypes
[12].
Available data suggest multiple,
often located within these linkage regions,
common SZ variants, each exerting small to moderate
being associated with SZ in multiple

effect on overall disease risk
[12],
possibly interacting
populations with variable ancestry.

with environmental factors
[13]
and epigenetic pro-r
However, indisputable evidence of
cesses
[14]
in a neurodevelopmental context to confer
association is lacking and no allele/haplotype
vulnerability
[15].
An alternative view is that multiple
has yet been conclusively implicated for any
genes are certainly implicated, but that each is highly
candidate gene.