Rosalind Franklin (41 page)

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NOTES

References to quotations and other cited passages are indicated by the first words of the relevant text or, in a few cases, by the key words.

The seminal papers in
Nature
on 25 April 1953 by Watson and Crick, Wilkins, Stokes and Wilson, and Franklin and Gosling can also be found in the Critical Edition of
The Double Helix,
as can Aaron Klug's analysis of Rosalind's notebooks, in
Nature,
in 1968 and 1974. Information on the location of specific collections of papers appears in the Acknowledgements. Letters and memoirs for which no location is given are in Franklin family hands. Where a letter is undated it is identified by its heading, which may include part of a date and/or the address.

 

The following abbreviations are used frequently in the Notes:

 

Archives and Private Collections

 

People

 

PROLOGUE

‘It has not escaped': J.D. Watson and F.H.C. Crick, ‘A Structure for Deoxyribonucleic Acid', p. 737.

‘Our dark lady': MW to FHCC, ‘Saturday', 7 Mar. 1953, in Olby,
The Path to the Double Helix,
p. 414.

‘From the evidence': A. Klug, ‘Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of the Structure of DNA', pp. 808-10, 843-4. See also, Crick, in A. Sayre,
Rosalind Franklin & DNA,
p. 214.

‘As a scientist': J.D. Bernal, ‘Obituary, Rosalind Franklin',
Nature.

 

PART ONE

 

ONE
Once in Royal David's City

‘known as The Cousinhood': C. Bermant
The Cousinhood,
p. 1 and S. Brook,
The Club,
p. 33.

‘Benjamin Wolf Franklin lived in the City': A.E. Franklin,
Records of the Franklin Family and Collaterals.

‘Keyser's, a source of employment': Bermant, op. cit., p. 282.

‘bought the house of George Routledge': ibid.; author's interview with Norman Franklin; CF to author, 5 Sep. 2001.

‘Rosalind's parents': M. Franklin,
Portrait of Ellis,
p. 63.

‘The whole idea': EF to CC, 24 Dec. 1944, ibid., p. 267.

‘It may appear strange': A.E. Franklin,
Records,
p. 4.

‘the Franklins, as he saw them': ‘The idea that we were descended from King David was always a point of family badinage', CF to author, 8 Oct. 2001.

‘a fair proportion': A.E. Franklin, op. cit., p. x.

‘Handed over': the memo dated 30 June 1920, is reproduced in H.F. Bentwich,
If I Forget Thee,
p. 170, and the event well described in T. Segev,
One Palestine, Complete,
p. 155 and p. I55n., who says that the light-hearted memo was Bols's joking revenge for Samuel's parody of his appointments list on I Apr.; also, that Samuel always insisted that the receipt was a joke, not an administrative document. It was sold at an auction in New York many years later for $5,000.

‘granted self-government': Segev, op. cit., pp. 34-5. The actual memo, ‘The Future of Palestine', 21 Jan. 1915, is in the Cabinet Office papers at the PRO, CAB 37/123/43.

‘The Jewish brain': ibid., p. 35.

‘which may prejudice': ibid., pp. 34-5.

‘Somehow Englishmen': from a book of parliamentary sketches published in 1871, in ‘Simon Hoggart's Diary',
Guardian,
Review, 30 Sep. 2000.

‘a curious illustration': H.H. Asquith to Venetia Stanley, 28 Jan., 1915, in B. Wasserstein,
Herbert Samuel,
p. 210.

‘in this reign': C. Dickens,
A Child's History,
p. 151.

‘not our kind of Jew': H. Cooper and P. Morrison,
A Sense of Belonging,
pp. 71-4, 78, 82.

‘the hidden discourse of the Jews': UR: Ursula Richley WLB: William Lawrence Bragg VL: Vittorio Luzzati S. Gilmer, p. 214.

‘Intermarriage': ibid., p. 258 and pp. 288-9; Charcot, Freud's teacher, in I888 published the view that inbreeding was the cause of the higher incidence of insanity among Jews.

‘Jewish heart': W. Shakespeare,
The Merchant of Venice,
Act iv. i.

‘raven-tressed': Sir W. Scott,
Ivanhoe,
pp. 92, 99.

‘The Jew is everywhere': J. Buchan,
The Thirty-Nine Steps,
p. 18.

‘a very charming': Rebecca West to Letitia Fairfield, 3 Apr. 1927, B. Kime Scott (ed.),
Selected Letters,
p. 91.

‘How odd/of God' was composed by the British journalist William Norman Ewer (1885-1976).

‘assumption of false names': H. Belloc in A. Julius, ‘England's Gifts to Jew Hatred', pp. 11-14.

‘Rooting out the Jew': ibid.

‘Jews succeed against the grain': ibid.

‘so very outspokenly': J. Glynn,
Tidings from Zion,
p. 42.

‘a young man with long yellow hair': ibid., p. 52.

‘I'm sure we don't': ibid., p. 54.

‘unusual course ... I trust': P. Fletcher-Jones,
The Jews of Britain,
p. 145. Although the House cheered Salomons, having repeatedly voted to admit Jewish members only to be overruled by the conservative House of Lords, he was removed as a trespasser. Not until 1858 did the Jewish Relief Act open Parliament to Jews by allowing them to omit the words ‘the true Faith of a Christian' from the oath. Then Salomons, who in the interval become the first Jewish Lord Mayor of London, and Baron Lionel de Rothschild, who had been elected several times since 1847, took their seats.

‘I like Europe': RF to parents, 29 Oct. 195°.

 

TWO
‘Alarmingly Clever'

‘Ellis would lead': details of Ellis's background, war experience and family life are from M. Franklin,
Portrait.

‘we lived like': L.H.L. Cohen to author, 8 Dec. 1999.

‘We are enjoying', Helen Bentwich to Norman Bentwich, 22 Aug. 1926.

‘In 1926 British women had enjoyed the vote', if they were over thirty. The vote had been extended to women over thirty in 1918 when it was granted to men over twenty-one; women did not achieve equality with men in voting age until 1928.

‘their mother, Caroline Jacob Franklin': family details in J. Glynn, ‘Rosalind Franklin 1920–1958'.

‘Ellis himself would not allow women employees': M. Franklin, op. cit., p. 189.

‘Norland Place on Holland Park Avenue': Joane Keene (ed.), ‘Norland Place School'.

‘Muriel Franklin was a gentle': ‘Obituary, Muriel Franklin', the Working Men's College
Journal,
Winter 1975-76; M. Franklin's privately circulated memoir, ‘In the beginning'; JG to author, 14 Oct. 2°°I.

‘I got two stars at school': RF to Caroline Franklin, 5 Mar. 1927.

‘the five Ellis children': author's interview with UR, 2° Jan. 1999.

‘It is Nannie's birthday': RF to Caroline Franklin, I° Mar.

‘When is Nannie': MF to AS, II Nov. 1974, Box 2, ASA.

‘Do something!': C. Franklin, ‘Vignettes of Rosalind', p. 1.

‘One recalls a smug': M. Franklin, ‘Rosalind', pp. 3-4.

‘Rosalind enjoyed this trick of teasing': ibid., p. 4.

‘A child being Lifted Up': drawing in RF's personal papers.

‘Keyser's total profits': Roland Franklin, ‘Ellis in the City', in M. Franklin,
Portrait,
p. 188.

‘Dear Grandma': RF to Caroline Franklin from Hotel Splendide, Marseilles. The game described was ‘Kim's Game' taken from the Boy Scouts - a development skill from the Boer War.

‘They are having a bazaar': RF to Caroline Franklin, 10 Mar.

‘men of the working classes': M. Franklin,
Portrait,
p. 162n.

‘volunteered to dust the books': Working Men's College
Journal,
541, 1985 p. 17.

‘to give the working man': ibid., 323, 1923, pp 161-6.

‘ribbings': M. Franklin, ‘Rosalind', p. 10.

‘Please tell Roland': RF to parents, 11 May ?1930.

‘She is obviously very happy': MF to Arthur Franklin, Bexhill-on-Sea, ‘Sunday'.

‘What is the new kitten like?': RF to parents, ‘Sunday'.

‘A half-timbered': ‘Town's debt to Independent schools' place in Bexhill',
Bexhill Observer,
4 Feb. 1967.

‘There was a lantern lecture': RF to parents, 30 Nov. 1930.

‘As they did not': RF to parents, 5 Oct. 1930.

‘There was a very interesting lecture last night': ibid.

‘Somebody must have made some mistake': RF to parents, ‘Tuesday'.

‘Please do not say anything': ibid.

‘delicate': Glynn, ‘Rosalind Franklin 1920-1958', p. 269.

 

THREE
Once a Paulina

‘At St Paul's': reported in the
Graphic,
18 Feb. 1922, in H. Bailes,
Once a Paulina,
p. 87, whose title is borrowed for this chapter.

‘It was always': author's interview with UR, 19 Jan. 1999.

‘Rosalind's menstrual periods': R. Franklin medical history, University College Hospital Case No. AD 1651.

‘I was told': RF to parents, 15 May.

‘I am
very
cross': RF to parents, 26 May.

‘I only got B': RF to parents, ‘Thursday'.

‘stodge': ibid.

‘the only real disadvantage': H. Bentwich,
If I Forget Thee,
p. 7.

‘Rosalind enjoyed stirring him up': M. Franklin, ‘Rosalind', p. 4.

‘the pivot of his emotional life': Dennis Overbye,
Einstein in Love,
p. 337.

‘akin to that': ibid., p. 336.

‘magnificent new block': this and the following material is taken from the ‘Report of the Council on the Educational Work of St Paul's School for Girls', Matriculation and School Examinations Council, University of London, Feb. 1935.

‘No one asked either of them to dance': Jean Kerlogue, ‘Memories of Rosalind 1933-1938', privately circulated booklet.

‘incredible innocence': author's interview with UR, 21 Jan. 1999.

‘The weakness and lack of moral fibre': M. Franklin,
Portrait,
p. 180.

‘We have just arrived home', RF to A.E. Franklin, 12 May 1937.

‘we enjoyed plenty of fun': C. Franklin, Vignettes of Rosalind.

‘nearly all north country': RF to parents, 16 Mar. 1938.

‘reasonable chance of an award': RF to A.E. Franklin, 22 Oct. 1938.

‘I am very much looking forward': ibid.

‘whole or a half ‘: author's interview with UR, 20 Jan. 1999.

‘French mannerisms': RF to parents, 4 Jul. 1938, ASA.

‘“masses” of sewing': RF to parents, 25 Jul. 1938.

‘some of my own money': RF to parents, 4 Jul. 1938.

‘You will, I know': Ethel Strudwick to Ellis and Muriel Franklin, 15 Jul. 1938.

‘Rosalind Franklin showed great promise': Minutes of the Governors' Meeting, 15 Jul. 1938, St Paul's Girls' School archives.

‘the most unconstitutional act of the century': Andrew Roberts, speaking on Channel 4, 19 Jul. 2000.

‘Does this really mean': RF to parents, 29 Jul. 1938.

 

FOUR
Never Surrender

‘The myth has got': see M. B. Ogilvie, with K. L. Meek,
Women and Science,
p. 134 and Gaby Himsliff, ‘Crusade targets sexism in science',
Observer,
20 Jan. 2002.

‘this is the first occasion': EF to Colin, 20 Oct. 1938, in M. Franklin,
Portrait,
p. 259.