Rome: An Empire's Story (67 page)
Cimbric Wars 105, 135
citizenship 83, 114, 219–222
see also
Social War
civil wars
Antony and Octavian versus Brutus and Cassius 141
Antony versus Octavian 141–2
following death of Domitian 172
following death of Nero 169–70
of the fourth century 237–8, 247
of the third century 215–16
Pompey versus Caesar 141
provincial experience of 142–3
Severan 172
civilization, Roman ideas of 56, 82, 146, 159, 220, 225–6, 251–3
climate change 50–2, 192–3, 279
colonization, Roman 42, 65, 130, 141, 152
comparative historical analysis 25–7
conquest state 26, 98, 187, 197, 203, 247, 280
Constantine 27, 206–7, 212, 234–8, 243–6, 252, 263–8
Constantinople 20–21, 174, 183, 237, 267–8, 276–7, 284
cosmopolitanism 227
court 180–3
see also
ceremonial; emperors; monarchy
Corinth 34–5, 70–1, 77, 92, 295
Cornelii Scipiones 77–80
see also
Scipio Aemilianus; Scipio Africanus
Crassus (Marcus Licinius Crassus) 133–6, 140
Decius 121, 277
dining 225–6
Diocletian 11, 193, 216, 234–9, 241–7
disease
endemic 52–3, 56, 58, 278
epidemic/plague 192, 262, 278–9
dynastic succession 169–73
early Rome
archaeology of 32–7
historical tradition 37–40
institutions 41–2
ecology 48–61
economy
agricultural systems 52–6, 83, 87–91
intensification 57–61, 189, 191
political economy 193–8
role of slaves 86–93
trends 188–93
see also
taxation
education 14, 152, 225, 248, 253
Egypt
Ptolemaic Kingdom of 64, 66, 68, 188, 196
under Roman rule 125–6, 188
emperors 163–84
empire
modern definitions of 19–27
reasons for collapse 273–5
Roman ideologies of 13–19, 71–2, 150–2
see also
virtue
Ennius (Quintus Ennius) 18, 39, 120, 296–7
environmental history 49–52
see also
climate change
Etruscans 33–40
Eusebius of Caesarea 234–7, 246, 260–2, 266, 268
Fabius Pictor 18, 38, 44, 117, 120, 153
family 77–8, 83–4, 172–3
fascism 23–4
Flamininus (Titus Quinctius Flamininus) 67
Florus 201
Franks 11, 20–21, 214–5, 237, 251, 253, 277, 290, 299
Fulvius Nobilior (Marcus Fulvius Nobilior) 18, 68, 296
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (tribune of 123) 107, 116, 136–7
Gallic Sack of Rome 38–9, 105
Gaul, conquest of 105–6, 135
geology 49–50
Germany, conquest of 167, 202–5
globalization 227–9, 257–8
Goths 214–15, 239–40, 251–3, 275–6, 281–3, 289
Greek colonization 33, 36
Greek Culture in Rome and Italy 147–8, 152–7, 226, 241
gymnasium 224
Hadrian 7, 172, 183, 202, 208, 226, 242, 263
Hannibal 18, 47, 65
hegemonic power 40–5, 71–5, 98–9, 103–6
heresy 235, 237, 253, 260–1, 266–8, 285–6
Holocene 52–3, 55
Homer 14, 17
Horace 158, 166, 288, 296
Huns 239–40
hybrid vigour 36–7
Ibn Khaldun 104
identity 218–229, 248
imperialism
British 22–3, 82–3
ecological 56–61, 104–5
modern imperialisms 21–2, 227
modern theories of, 24–27
see also
Augustus, imperialism; empire; hegemonic power; Roman imperialism
Inka 24–5, 73, 175, 186, 187, 274
itinerant monarchy 7, 182–3, 186, 206–7, 236
Italy, conquest of 37–45, 65
Jews 120–2, 170, 212–13, 221, 228–9, 238, 256–60, 266–8, 290
Jugurtha, Numidian prince 85, 101–2, 105
Julian 238–9, 246, 266
Julius Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar) 14, 19, 124, 130, 134–6, 155
Justinian 20, 115, 267, 276–81, 285–6
Late Empire 9–12, 241–51
Latial Culture 33–6
Lenin 26, 27
Livy (Titus Livius) 16, 116
Lombards 275–7
Macedon, Antigonid Kingdom of 44, 64, 66–9, 194
Magna Graecia (Greek cities of southern Italy) 33–4, 42–5
maladministration (by provincial governors) 77, 85, 107, 108, 137–8, 150–1
Manichaeans 213, 256–66
Manlius Vulso 68, 100, 106
Marcus Aurelius 8, 172, 206, 214, 242
Marius (Gaius Marius) 102, 106–111, 129–30
Marseilles 33, 40, 64, 100, 105, 157, 282
Mithridates V of Pontus 102
Mithridates VI of Pontus 102, 111, 129–30, 133, 136, 139, 152, 157, 188
mobility 227–8
monarchy 173–9
see also
emperors; itinerant monarchy; Regal Period;
Napoleon 21–2
Neolithic Revolution 52–3
notitia dignitatum
249
Osteria dell’Osa 32
Ostia 36
patrimonialism,
see
family; patronage
patronage
artistic 83, 153–7, 164
political 84–6, 116, 136, 177–8
Paul of Tarsus 221
peer-polity interaction 36
Pergamum, Attalid kingdom of 66, 68, 70, 76, 77, 100–2, 106, 194–5
Persian Empires 9, 26, 36–7, 104, 126, 186–7, 215, 239, 262, 274, 278
philosophy 109, 119–120, 153, 155–8, 238–9, 257, 267, 297
see also
Cicero, philosophical writings
Phoenician expansion 33
Phoenician gods 40, 119
Pietrabbondante 39
piracy 92, 107, 138–9
plague
see
disease
Pliny the Elder 32, 48, 88, 220, 292
Pliny the Younger 18, 224–5, 261
political growth in the Mediterranean World 36–7, 64
Polybius of Megalopolis 38, 40, 44, 63, 68, 69, 71, 75, 97, 113–14, 153, 233
polytheism 118–21
Pompey (Gaius Pompeius) 132, 133–6, 138–9
Theatre of Pompey 146–7
populares
107–10, 130
see also
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus
postcolonialism 227
priesthoods 78, 80, 108, 118
Procopius 115, 276, 278, 281
provincial government 137–9, 142–3, 150–2, 242–3
see also
maladministration
provincial revolts 185, 188, 209–10, 212
Principate 5–9, 164
Punic Wars,
see
Carthage; Hannibal
Pyrrhus, King of Epirus 42–5
receptions of Roman imperialism 19–23
Regal Period 1–2, 37–8
religious responses to empire 72–3, 113–26
religious system (traditional Roman) 113, 117–18, 122–3
see also
polytheism; priesthoods
religious trends 119–20, 228–9, 256–8
Rhodes
as a naval power 64, 66, 68, 69–70, 92, 99, 138–9
as an intellectual centre 153, 155–7
Roman imperialism
economics of 75–7, 185–8
explanations of 40–2, 71–5
institutionalization of empire 203
see also
tributary empire
periodization 143–5
see also
imperialism; empire, Roman ideologies of
Roman Republic 2–5
Rome, city of
demographic growth 32–6, 87–8, 110, 190–1
monuments 14, 17, 75–6, 122, 146–7, 166, 170, 194, 223–4, 294–8
Romulus 16–17
Sallust (Gaius Sallustius) 101–2, 106, 114, 142, 152
Samnite Wars 39
Saturninus (Lucius Appuleius Saturninus) 108–9
schisms 237, 260–2, 265, 268, 285–6
Scipio Aemilianus (Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus) 4, 38, 69, 80, 85, 97, 172
Scipio Africanus (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus) 4, 65–7, 78–9, 172
senate(s) 3, 75–6, 107–9, 118, 130, 132, 137, 166–7, 173–4, 206–7, 245
Sidonius Apollinaris 252, 284, 298
slavery 82–93, 194, 196, 208, 219
imperial slaves 167–8, 177, 180–2, 209
see also
economy, role of slaves
social mobility viii, 247–9, 296
Social War 108–111
Spain, conquest of 64–6, 104
Spartacus slave war 92, 133
Sulla (Lucius Cornelius Sulla) 5, 111, 129–31
legacy 131–33
Syracuse 40, 44, 64–5, 76, 157, 194
Syria, Seleucid Kingdom of 64, 67–8, 70, 99, 101–2, 175, 182, 194, 274
Tacitus (Publicus Cornelius Tacitus) 82, 185, 218
taxation 26, 57, 75–6, 185–98, 247
tax-farmers 76, 108, 137–8, 151, 187–8
technology
construction 59–60
metallurgical 26, 55
military 74–5, 212–14
transfers of 8, 53, 55, 58–9, 104, 211–13, 222–3, 248, 292–3
transport 186
Tetrarchy 236–7, 242–6, 252, 262
Theodosian Code 249–51
Third Century Crisis 212–17
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (tribune of 133) 77, 100, 107, 194
Timaeus of Tauromenium 38, 44–5
Trajan 7–8, 172, 183, 197, 201–3, 206, 224, 261, 297
tributary empires 24–7, 185–8, 197, 211, 274
triumph (rituals of) 19, 72–3, 84, 117, 122, 166, 246, 295
Troy 14, 16, 17, 31, 152, 229, 289
Turks, as successors of Rome 21
urban decline 191–3, 212, 248, 273, 280–3
urban growth 33–5, 60–1, 87–8, 191–2
Vandals 251–2, 255, 256, 276
Varro (Marcus Terentiu Varro) 16, 88, 122–3
Veii 34–5, 36, 37, 38, 39
Virgil’s
Aeneid
13–17, 117
virtue 114–17, 234–5
warfare 201–17
see also
army
Zoroastrianism 9
Zosimus 233, 240, 241
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