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Authors: Norman Davies

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ski, quoted in
DWS
, p. 316.

178
.
DWS
, p. 324.

179
.
Kazimierz Wierzy
ski, ‘A wi
c stało si
’, quoted by Bartoszewski,
DWS
, p. 330.

Chapter VI:
Vae Victis

pp. 433–508


1
.
J. Zawodny,
Nothing but Honour
(London, 1978), p. 193.

2
.
RW
, p. 377.

3
.
Ibid.

4
.
DWS
, p. 339: not confirmed in
RW
, p. 380.

5
.
RGVA, OK M/II/18, 5 October 1944.

6
.
Ibid., 6 October 1944.

7
.
Ibid., 10 October 1944.

8
.
Bij
ce Serce Partii: Dzienniki Personalne Ministerstwa Publicznego
(Warsaw, 2001), p. 366.

9
.
Ibid., pp. 352–75.

10
.
Tribune
, 6 October 1944. The
Observer
added its voice to those expressing sympathy. In a leader called ‘Warsaw and the Allies’, it commented: ‘a proud and once flourishing capital will not be found on the map of Europe when the cease fire sounds . . . Should not the rebuilding of this tragic and heroic city be made a common Allied responsibility.’

11
.
M. Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
(London, 1986), vol. VII,
1941–45
, pp. 991–3.

12
.
Jan Karski,
The Great Powers and Poland
(Lanham, MD, 1985), pp. 545–56.

13
.
Ibid., p. 547.

14
.
T. Barman,
Diplomatic Correspondence
(London, 1968), pp. 175–6.

15
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d66, l395–97, Beria to Stalin, 15 October 1944.

16
.
Jeffrey Bines,
Operation Freston
(Saffron Walden, 1999), p. 18.

17
.
Ibid., p. 17.

18
.
Ibid., p. 61.

19
.
Ibid., pp. 67–8.

20
.
Ibid., pp. 73–4.

21
.
Ibid., p. 74.

22
.
P. Solly-Flood, ‘Pilgrimage to Poland’,
Blackwood’s Magazine
, nr. 1657 (May, 1951), pp. 425–41.

23
.
Ibid., p. 441. Additional information derives from the author’s interview with Messrs Pospieszalski, Zaremba, and Bines, Southgate, December 2002.

24
.
IWM Sound Archive, Lady Ryder of Warsaw, 1987, reel 2, quoted by E. D. R. Harrison, ‘The British Special Operations Executive and Poland’,
Historical Journal
43.4 (Cambridge, 2000), p. 1090.

25
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d67, Beria to Stalin, 9 November 1944, and f9401, op2, d68, u93–9, Beria to Stalin, 8 December 1944.

26
.
Marek Ney-Krwawicz,
The Polish Home Army, 1939–45
(London, 2001), pp. 139–41. (
Biuletyn Informacyjny
, nr. 317, 19 January 1945. AKD. vol. V, pp. 239–40.)

27
.
Stanisław Supłatowicz, ‘Kozak’, Sat-Okh’,
Biuletyn Informacyjny
, XIII, nr. 10 (162), October 2003, pp. 52–6.

28
.
GARF f9401, op2, d92, Serov to Beria, p. 145.

29
.
Moscow held the view that the Soviet Army liberated Warsaw in January 1945, and struck a medal to mark the occasion. See plate section 3, ‘Images true and false’.

30
.
Radio Polskie, Warsaw, 18, 20, 25 March 1945. Translated transcript, The National Archives (TNA): PRO COPY FO371/47733A.

31
.
Stefan Korbo
ski,
The Polish Underground State
(Boulder, Colorado), p. 216.

32
.
Ibid., pp. 218–19.

33
.
Anthony Beevor,
Berlin: the Downfall
(London, 2002).

34
.
The ‘Special Files’ for I. V. Stalin from the Secretariat of the NKVD – MVD of the USSR, 1944–53, V. A. Kozlov, S. V. Mironenko (eds),
Archive of Contemporary History
, vol. I
(Moscow, GARF), 1944.

35
.
USSR People’s Commissariat of Justice,
Trial of the Organizers, Leaders and members of the Polish Diversionist Organizations . . . June 18–21, 1945
(Moscow, 1945): see also Z. Stypułkowski,
Invitation to Moscow
(New York, 1962).

36
.
No number is attached to this file, though it appears to belong to GARF, f9401, op2, d94, which, among other items, contains a batch of other files all dated April 1945 and all relating to the arrest and early interrogations of ‘the Sixteen’.

37
.
Ibid., p. 2.

38
.
Ibid., p. 24.

39
.
Ibid., pp. 34–5.

40
.
The National Archives (TNA): PRO COPY HS4/256.

41
.
On the Moscow Trial of 1945, see, A. Chmielarz, A. Kunert,
Proces szesnastu: dokumenty NKWD
(Warsaw, 1995), trans lated as
The Moscow Trial
(Warsaw, 2000): also E. Duraczy
ski,
Generał Iwanow zaprasza
(Warsaw, 1989): as an example of Soviet propaganda, the National Council for American–Soviet Friendship,
The Case of the 16 Poles and the Plot for War on the USSR
(New York, 1945).

42
.
Dr G. Bolsover, 1947–77, Director of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London.

43
.
The National Archives (TNA): PRO COPY FO371 47621. Lord Dunglass, later Sir Alec Douglas-Home (1903–95), British Prime Minister, 1963–64.

44
.
Ibid., ‘Memor andum on the Trial of General Okulicki and other Poles by the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR’.

45
.
The National Archives (TNA): PRO COPY FO N8715/35/55, 18 July 1945.

46
.
Ibid.

47
.
Poland during the First Half of 1945
(London, 1945), p. 1.

48
.
Speech by Col. M. D
browski in ibid., p. 53.

49
.
Ibid., p. 87.

50
.
The National Archives (TNA): PRO COPY FO N0917/35/ 55, 12 June 1945.

51
.
T. Cariewskaya et al.,
Teczka Specjalna J. W. Stalina: Raporty NKWD z Polski, 1944–46
(Warsaw, 1998), nrs 6–11.

52
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d66 l141.
Teczka Specjalna
, op. cit., nr. 9. 23 August 1944.

53
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d66 l362.
Teczka Specjalna
, op. cit., nr. 11. 7 October 1944.

54
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d66 l288–90.

55
.
Ludwika Zacharasiewicz: see capsule GHOST TOWN (p. 492), with endnote.

56
.
Bolesław Taborski, ‘Moja Wojna – pocz
tek i koniec’
ZH
, 1996, nr. 118, pp. 45–94.

57
.
Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse,
Microcosm: A Portrait of a Central European City
(London, 2002), p. 389.

58
.
Ibid., passim.

59
.
Tadeusz Borowski (1922–51), see his
This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen
(London, 1967).

60
.
Wacława Lutoborska (1901–45). Her name is recorded inaccurately on a memorial tablet at Belsen. Interview with Mr Lutoborski, Warsaw (2001).

61
.
Mauthausen Survivors Documentation Project is now in progress at the Boltzmann Institute, Vienna, with a Polish branch at the Karta Centre, Warsaw.

62
.
On Ravensbrück, see Denise Dufournier,
Ravensbruck: the women’s camp of death
(London, 1948): also Wanda Połtawska,
And I am afraid of my dreams
(London, 1987).

63
.
Władysław Szpilman,
The Pianist: the Extraordinary True Story of One Man’s Survival in Warsaw, 1939–45
(New York, 2000), pp. 171–2;
Pianista
(Kraków, 2000), pp. 161–2.

64
.
Ibid., pp. 176–8.

65
.
Cariewskaya et al.,
Teczka specjalna J. W. Stalina
, op. cit., nr. 23, pp. 105–6.

66
.
L. Bartelski,
Praga: Warszawskie Termopile 1944
(Warsaw, 2000), pp. 142–3.

67
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d68, p. 3.

68
.
GARF, f9401, op2, d68, pp. 284–8.

69
.
On Piasecki, see L. Blit,
The Eastern Pretender
(London, 1965): also Antoni Dudek, Grzegorz Pytel,
Bolesław Piasecki: próba biografii politycznej
(London, 1990).

70
.
Blit, op. cit., p. 15.

71
.
Ferdynand Ossendowski (1878–1945): ‘Pisarz i podró

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