427
,
429
–30,
432
,
441
United States
bombs Cambodian sanctuaries
4
,
161
,
182
,
215
–17,
218
,
245
and Sihanouk
77
,
91
–3,
108
–9,
113
,
199
and Democratic Party
108
and ‘Bangkok Plot’
125
,
127
–8
and Cambodia break diplomatic relations
155
–7
rapprochement and restoration of diplomatic ties
180
–2,
185
has no direct role during Lon Nol coup
195
–7
air war against Khmers Rouges
215
–17,
221
–2,
245
use of Cambodia to extricate troops from Vietnam
222
,
341
Defence Intelligence Agency
230
peace talks with Vietnam
239
,
242
–3
airlift to Phnom Penh
262
–3
withdraws from Cambodia
264
and Mayaguez affair
296
–7
moral responsibility for Cambodian tragedy
352
,
446
–7
and aid talks with Vietnam
373
–4
Marxist-Leninist delegation visits Democratic Kampuchea
381
and China
403
,
407
policy towards Khmers Rouges after Vietnamese invasion
403
,
408
,
420
–2,
426
discusses plan to kidnap Pol Pot
439
–40
Utapao military airbase
405
Van Tip Sovann
169
Vandy Kaonn
339
Veay Chap, Mt
166
,
175
Vergès, Jacques
13
–14,
59
,
60
,
62
Versailles
49
Vickery, Michael
232
,
268
Vienna World Peace Conference (1952)
100
Vientiane
334
Vietnam
7
,
332
;
see also
Hanoi tensions linked to Khmer Rouge victory
3
–4,
263
–4,
296
–8,
303
Cambodian hostility towards
8
,
25
,
40
–1,
69
,
293
,
372
–3
19th–c atrocities against Khmers
16
immigration into Cambodia
24
–5,
207
–10
First Indochina War (1945–54)
38
,
82
,
102
–4
and ‘special relationship’
56
,
105
,
238
–9
Second Indochina War (1965–75)
77
,
128
,
130
,
180
,
216
,
341
relations with Laos
197
–9,
374
urges joint military action against Lon Nol
203
and US bombing
215
–18
and Paris peace accords
241
–3
attempts unsuccessfully to pressure Khmers Rouges
249
–51
shares responsibility for Cambodian nightmare
352
renewed tensions with Cambodia
356
–8
sympathisers purged
359
–61,
363
–4,
367
,
369
turns Tuol Sleng into holocaust museum
364
attacked by Khmer Rouge forces
372
,
374
relations with USSR
372
–4,
390
–1,
393
retaliates against Democratic Kampuchea
373
,
377
–8
treated as Cold War proxy
378
,
420
–1,
424
sets up training camps for Khmer exiles
379
invades Cambodia
395
–401,
406
–8,
422
and Thailand
402
condemned by UN Security Council
403
China ‘punishes’
407
outstays welcome in Cambodia
409
–11
unable to crush Khmer resistance
417
,
421
withdraws troops from Cambodia
426
North Vietnam
Sihanouk seeks closer ties
156
Phnom Penh Embassy attacked
194
Embassy to GRUNC
332
South Vietnam
recognised by Britain and US
53
and ‘Bangkok Plot’
125
–8
and Sihanouk
139
conducts bombing raids along Cambodian border
145
–6
murder of President Ngo Dinh Diem
155
refuses to recognise Cambodia’s borders
181
behaviour of troops in Cambodia
209
and Cambodian refugees
247
COSVN
121
,
161
–2
headquarters
171
,
185
,
193
n,
204
,
223
controls NLF
202
urges its cadres to ‘treat Cambodians as equals’
205
Viet Cong
cells in eastern Cambodia
131
resume armed struggle
136
base at Ta Not
144
–6
and Cambodian sanctuaries
156
,
171
,
172
,
181
,
185
n
and Sihanouk
156
,
182
,
206
Loc Ninh base
161
supply route through Cambodia
165
,
171
,
186
,
188
offensive against Lon Nol government
203
–6,
209
,
212
,
216
,
220
–1
spread throughout Cambodia following US bombing
215
–17
relations with Khmers Rouges
223
,
230
,
236
–8
and Sihanoukist army
240
launch rocket attacks on Phnom Penh
254
evacuation of Hue
271
Viet Minh
arms supply from Bangkok
39
relationship to ICP
52
All-Cambodia Work Committee
54
,
55
,
139
impose own system on Khmers
56
frustration with Cambodians
57
and ‘new democracy’
70
intensify struggle in Cambodia
80
–1,
83
,
85
,
89
at Cambodian Eastern Zone Headquarters
95
–100 ff
and Sihanouk
100
–1
final months of combat
101
–3
repatriated to North Vietnam
103
importance of secrecy
107
organisational methods copied by CPK
187
–8,
226
,
235
,
279
,
314
Vietnamese Workers’ Party (VWP);
see also
Indochinese Communist Party
founded
55
Southern Bureau
121
,
156
advocates ‘peaceful transition’
136
Pol Pot holds talks with
157
–61
Central Committee
170
,
375
,
409
Vo Nguyen Giap
and First Indochina War
39
,
53
–5,
101
–2
meets Pol Pot
202
forces attack on Democratic Kampuchea
375
,
380
and Vietnamese invasion
384
‘Voice of Free Cambodia’
100
‘Voice of Khmer Issarak’
56
‘Voice of the FUNK of Phnom Penh City’
266
‘Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea’
417
Voltaire
36
,
47
Vorn Vet
212
,
458
and Phnom Penh City Party Committee
137
,
151
,
154
,
169
,
183
and armed uprising
173
heads Special Zone
226
,
228
,
230
,
252
,
254
,
286
and François Bizot
260
stops river convoys on the Mekong
262
as Vice-Premier for Economic Affairs
305
,
308
,
336
n,
346
arrested and purged
392
Vy
171
–2,
176
,
227
,
384
Wai Island
296
,
298
Waldheim, Kurt
382
Wang Dongxing
391
–2
Wat Langka
330
Wat Phnom
25
,
26
,
313
work quotas
321
–2
World Federation of Democratic Youth
60
Y Chhean
412
,
436
–7
Yan’an
235
,
363
Yasushi Akashi
430
,
431
Yem Sambaur
77
Yos Hut Khemcaro
445
,
448
Youth League
233
n
Youyi binguan,
Beijing
202
Yugoslavia
50
–1,
60
,
69
,
332
,
381
Yukanthor, Prince
317
Yun Soeun
96
,
104
,
256
Yun Yat
458
married to Son Sen
172
,
346
at Office
100
172
becomes Minister of Education and Culture
336
n
killed
440
Yuthévong, Prince
37
,
38
Zhang Chunqiao
160
,
357
,
362
Zhang Yufeng
298
Zhao Ziyang
415
Zhdanov, Andre
53
Zhou Enlai
58
,
334
,
341
and Geneva Conference
103
founds Non-Aligned Movement
113
on Queen Kossamak
131
–2
and Sihanouk
180
,
185
,
198
–200,
201
n,
202
,