Odessa: Genius and Death in a City of Dreams (36 page)

11.
David Senyaver Collection, USHMM. See also Semyon Tarantor Collection and Efim Yurkovetski Collection, USHMM.

12.
Liudmila Kalika, “Odessa. 820 dnei v podzeml’e,” in Rashkovetskii, Naidis, Dusman, and Belousova, eds.,
Istoriia Kholokosta v Odesskom regione
, 96–110.

13.
“Raport,” n.d. [Dec. 1941], GAOO, f. R-2262, op. 1, d. 3, l. 17. On “revenge” see also ibid., d. 22, l. 9.

14.
“Raport,” Apr. 15, 1942, GAOO, f. R-2262, op. 1, d. 8, l. 30; Ioanid,
Holocaust in Romania
, 187–94.

15.
Litani, “Destruction of the Jews of Odessa,” 150, mentions his university background. Other biographical information on Pântea and his role in the deportations is taken from his signed declaration to the Romanian Communist authorities, June 22, 1950, in USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30, and Colesnic,
Sfatul
rii
, 231.

16.
Pântea to Antonescu, n.d. [1941], USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

17.
See Pântea’s own 1950 statement, cited above, as well as those of Matei Velcescu, Apr. 1 and June 17, 1950; and of Constantin Vidra
cu, June 17, 1950, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

18.
Chelovan’ to Odessa municipality, n.d. [1941], GAOO, f. R-2262, op. 1, d. 2, l. 35.

19.
Dallin,
Odessa
, 91.

20.
See “Dare de seama asupra activi
ii subdirec
iei artelor pe lunile apriliemai-iunie [1943],” GAOO, f. R-2249, op. 3, d. 89, ll. 10–12; “Dare de seama despre reconstruirea Teatrului de opera
i balet din Odessa [January 1943],” ibid., ll. 41–46; “Tablou de spectacole date de Teatrul de opera
i balet Odessa în cursul trimestrului II-1943,” ibid., ll. 115–16.

21.
Declaration of Taisia Arnautu, July 23, 1956, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30. See also Fred Saraga, “În Transnistria: Primii pa
i: Odessa,”
Sliha
, Apr. 5, 1956, reproduced in
DCFRJ
, 8: 547.

22.
Dallin,
Odessa
, 85.

23.
See GAOO, f. R-2249, op. 1, d. 266.

24.
Werth,
Russia at War, 1941–1945
, 817.

25.
Pântea to Alexianu, Jan. 20, 1942, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

26.
See USHMM, RG-25.003M, Reel 10.

27.
Pântea to Alexianu, Dec. 3, 1941, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

28.
See Alexianu’s postwar trial dossier in USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 33.

29.
See USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 33.

30.
See the Romanian high court decision of Jan. 1, 1956, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

31.
See Pântea’s file from the Romanian Information Service archives, USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

32.
Instead, Pântea made a direct request to Alexianu for clarification. Alexianu then predictably decreed that anyone attempting to notarize such a document was obviously a Jew and would therefore be removed from the city. See the Pântea-Alexianu correspondence, Feb. 4 and 14,1942, USHMM, RG-31.004M, Reel 3. One survivor claimed that Pântea had also prevented several thousand Jews from being executed in Dalnik by instead having them deported. Many nevertheless died. Ioanid,
Holocaust in Romania
, 182.

33.
Pântea to Antonescu, n.d. [1941], USHMM, RG-25.004M, Reel 30.

34.
Alexander Kruglov, “Jewish Losses in Ukraine, 1941–1944,” in Brandon and Lower, eds.,
Shoah in Ukraine
, 284.

35.
Jean Ancel, “‘The New Jewish Invasion’—The Return of the Survivors from Transnistria,” in Bankier, ed.,
Jews Are Coming Back
, 231.

36.
Blinov to Polianskii, July 19, 1945, YVA, M-46/11.

Chapter 11: HERO CITY

1.
E. T. Samoilov, “Informatsiia,” Dec. 5, 1941, GAOO, f. R-2262, op. 1, d. 3, l. 46.

2.
Dallin,
Odessa
, 245.

3.
Testimony of Aleksandr Bakman, YVA, O-3/6054.

4.
See YVA, M-33/19967.

5.
Testimony of Sura Sturmak, YVA, O-3/5178. See also testimony of Boris Kalika, YVA, O-3/5177.

6.
Yaacov Roi, “The Reconstruction of Jewish Communities in the USSR, 1944–1947,” in Bankier, ed.,
Jews are Coming Back
, 194. For overviews of Communist and Soviet antisemitism, see Gross,
Fear
, and Kostyrchenko, ed.,
Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm
.

7.
Borovoi,
Vospominaniia
, 290.

8.
Draitser,
Shush!
, 18.