Killing Hitler (53 page)

³
John Wheeler-Bennett,
The Nemesis of Power—The German Army in Politics, 1918–45
(London, 1961), p. 67.

⁴
Quoted in John Wheeler-Bennett,
Hindenburg—The Wooden Titan
(London, 1967), p. 237.

⁵
Ibid., p. 229.

⁶
Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf (London
, 1969), p. 186.

⁷
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 694.

⁸
Marion Gräfin Dönhoff,
Preuβen—Maβ und Maβlosigkeit
(Berlin, 1998), p. 75.

⁹
Grand-Admiral Erich Raeder quoted in Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 291.

¹⁰
Quoted in Heinz Höhne,
Canaris
(London, 1976), translated by John Brownjohn, p. 172.

¹¹
Quoted in Lauran Paine,
The Abwehr
(London, 1984), p. 33.

¹²
Quoted in Höhne, op. cit., p. 174.

¹³
Quoted in J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds.),
Nazism 1919–45
, Vol. 1 (Exeter, 1983), p. 14.

¹⁴
Max Domarus,
Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 1932–1945
, Vol. III (London, 1997), p. 1868.

¹⁵
For a discussion of the significance of the Hossbach Memorandum, see Jonathan Wright and Paul Stafford, “A Blueprint for War? Hitler and the Hossbach Memorandum,” in
History Today
, Vol. 38, No. 3, March 1988.

¹⁶
Ian Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936 Hubris
(London, 2000), p. 50.

¹⁷
Quoted in Fabian von Schlabrendorff,
The Secret War Against Hitler
(London, 1966), p. 127.

¹⁸
Ian Colvin,
Canaris: Chief of Intelligence
(London, 1951), p. 43.

¹⁹
For a short biography of Blomberg, see Walter Görlitz, “Blomberg,” in Correlli Barnett (ed.),
Hitler’s Generals
(London, 1989), pp. 129–39.

²⁰
See Robert O’Neil, “Fritsch, Beck and the Führer,” in Barnett, op. cit., p. 24.

²¹
Quoted in Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis,p.
372.

²²
Paul Leverkuehn,
German Military Intelligence
(London, 1954), p. 27.

²³
David Kahn,
Hitler’s Spies—German Military Intelligence in World War II
(London, 1980), p. 218.

²⁴
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 341.

²⁵
Kahn, op. cit., pp. 314–17.

²⁶
Helmut Krausnick, “Aus dem Personalakten von Canaris,” in
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
(hereafter
VfZ)
, Vol. X, 1962, p. 292.

²⁷
André Brissaud,
Canaris
(London, 1973), p. 5.

²⁸
Höhne, op. cit., p. 167.

²⁹
Ibid., p. 179.

³⁰
General Lahousen’s description of Canaris quoted in Hans Gisevius,
To the Bitter End
(Cambridge, MA, 1947), p. 439.

³¹
Peter Padfield,
Himmler—Reichsführer-SS
(London, 1990), p. 197.

³²
Höhne, op. cit., p. 471.

³³
Franz Maria Liedig quoted in Paine, op. cit., p. 29.

³⁴
Kahn, op. cit., p. 221.

³⁵
Colvin, op. cit., p. 43.

³⁶
Brissaud, op. cit., p. 106.

³⁷
Quoted in ibid., p. 102.

³⁸
Paine, op. cit., p. 33.

³⁹
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 282.

⁴⁰
Quoted in Hermann Graml, “Der Fall Oster,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XIV, 1966, p. 27.

⁴¹
Neue Deutsche Biographie
, p. 616.

⁴²
Graml, op. cit., p. 31.

⁴³
Klemens von Klemperer,
German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad
(Oxford, 1992), p. 194.

⁴⁴
Terry Parssinen,
The Oster Conspiracy of 1938
(New York, 2003), p. 7.

⁴⁵
Liedig quoted in Höhne, op. cit., p. 262.

⁴⁶
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 421.

⁴⁷
Reinhard Spitzy,
How We Squandered the Reich
(Wilby, Norfolk, 1997), pp. 296, 300.

⁴⁸
Ted Harrison, “‘Alter Kämpfer’ im Widerstand: Graf Helldorf, die NS-Bewegung und die Opposition gegen Hitler,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XXXXV, 1997, p. 412.

⁴⁹
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 293.

⁵⁰
Ibid., p. 296.

⁵¹
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 424.

⁵²
Quoted in Ewan Butler,
Mason-Mac
(London, 1972), p. 70.

⁵³
Quoted in Ian Kershaw,
Hitler: 1936–1945 Nemesis
(London, 2000), p. 81.

⁵⁴
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1056–57.

⁵⁵
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 83.

⁵⁶
Joachim Fest,
Plotting Hitler’s Death
(London, 1997), p.
77.

⁵⁷
Harrison, op. cit., pp. 385–423.

⁵⁸
Hjalmar Schacht,
76 Jahre meines Lebens
(Bad Wörishofen, 1953), pp. 487–88.

⁵⁹
See Susanne Meinl,
Nationalsozialisten gegen Hitler
(Berlin, 2000), p. 268.

⁶⁰
Susanne Meinl and Dieter Krüger, “Der politische Weg von Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XXXXII, 1994, pp. 39–69.

⁶¹
William Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
(London, 1964), p. 440.

⁶²
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1150–61.

⁶³
Erich Kordt,
Nicht aus dem Akten
(Stuttgart, 1950), p. 258.

⁶⁴
Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940
(Stuttgart, 1970), p. 35.

⁶⁵
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 112.

⁶⁶
Alexandra Ritchie,
Faust’s Metropolis
(London, 1999), p. 479.

⁶⁷
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 322.

⁶⁸
Quoted in Parssinen, op. cit., p. 133.

⁶⁹
Hans Rothfels,
Die deutsche Opposition gegen Hitler
(Zürich, 1994), p. 129.

⁷⁰
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 114.

⁷¹
Quoted in ibid., p. 115.

⁷²
Kordt, op. cit., p. 262.

⁷³
Ibid.

⁷⁴
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 118.

⁷⁵
Alan Bullock,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
(London, 1962), p. 461.

⁷⁶
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1183–93.

⁷⁷
Kordt, op. cit., p. 263.

⁷⁸
Ibid., p. 270.

⁷⁹
Parssinen, op. cit., p. 162.

⁸⁰
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 326.

⁸¹
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 120.

⁸²
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 330.

⁸³
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
Churchill—A Life
(London, 1991), p. 600.

⁸⁴
Norman Davies,
Europe
(London, 1997), p. 990.

⁸⁵
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 326.

⁸⁶
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, pp. 404–5.

⁸⁷
Groscurth quoted in Fest, op. cit., p. 124.

⁸⁸
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 359.

⁸⁹
Harold Deutsch,
The Conspiracy Against Hitler in the Twilight War
(London, 1968), p. 44.

⁹⁰
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 270.

⁹¹
Kordt, op. cit., p. 371.

⁹²
Ibid.

⁹³
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 305.

⁹⁴
Kordt, op. cit., p. 374.

⁹⁵
Klemperer, op. cit., p. 196.

⁹⁶
Deutsch, op. cit., p. 99.

⁹⁷
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 312.

⁹⁸
Peter Hoffmann,
German Resistance to Hitler
(London, 1988), p. 87.

⁹⁹
Fest, op. cit., p. 86.

¹⁰⁰
Lahousen quoted in Gisevius, op. cit., p. 439.

¹⁰¹
Brissaud, op. cit., p. 112.

¹⁰²
Spitzy, op. cit., pp. 303–4.

¹⁰³
Parssinen, op. cit., p. 149.

¹⁰⁴
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 431.

¹⁰⁵
See Bullock, op. cit., p. 452.

¹⁰⁶
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, 123.