Read Kachina and the Cross Online

Authors: Carroll L Riley

Tags: #History, #Native American, #United States, #State & Local, #Southwest (AZ; NM; OK; TX), #Social Science, #Anthropology, #General, #Ethnic Studies, #Native American Studies, #test

Kachina and the Cross

 

title
:
The Kachina and the Cross : Indians and Spaniards in the Early Southwest
author
:
Riley, Carroll L.
publisher
:
University of Utah Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874806100
print isbn13
:
9780874806106
ebook isbn13
:
9780585146805
language
:
English
subject
Indians of North America--Southwest, New--History--17th century, Southwest, New--History--17th century, Pueblo Indians--History--17th century.
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
E78.S7R484 1999eb
ddc
:
979/.00497
subject
:
Indians of North America--Southwest, New--History--17th century, Southwest, New--History--17th century, Pueblo Indians--History--17th century.
Page iii
The Kachina and the Cross
Indians and Spaniards in the Early Southwest
Carroll L. Riley
The University of Utah Press
Salt Lake City

 

Page iv
© 1999 by the University of Utah Press
All rights reserved
Typography by WolfPack
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Riley, Carroll L.
The kachina and the cross : indians and spaniards in the early southwest /
Carroll L. Riley.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87480-610-0
1. Indians of North AmericaSouthwest, NewHistory17th century.
2. Southwest, NewHistory7th century. 3. Pueblo IndiansHistory
17th century. I. Title.
E78.S7 IN PROCESS
979'.000497dc21 99-22274
Page v
To the memory of 
three great scholars 
Eleanor B. Adams 
France V. Scholes 
Leslie Spier 
Teachers   Friends

 

Page vi
Contents
List of Illustrations
vii
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xv
One
Spain at the Flood
1
Two
The Native Americans
12
Three
A Clash of Cultures
24
Four
Oñate
37
Five
The Pueblos and Their Neighbors in 1598
50
Six
The First Decade in Spanish New Mexico
75
Seven
Church and State through Mid-Century
89
Eight
Missionization
104
Nine
Spanish Society in New Mexico
126
Ten
Bernardo López de Mendizábel
156
Eleven
The Gathering Storm
186
Twelve
Fateful Decisions
201
Thirteen
The Currents of War
220
Fourteen
An Era Ends, An Era Begins
235
Sources and Commentary
253
List of New Mexico Governors, 1598-1704
309
Glossary
311
General Index
315
Index of Initial Citations
331

 

Page vii
Illustrations
MAPS
Spain ca. A.D. 1490
2
Peoples of the Southwest and High Plains found by early Spanish explorers
26
Spanish exploration in the Southwest, 1581-83
35
The Pueblos and their neighbors, 1598
72
Zuni towns in the seventeenth century
113
Hopi pueblos in the seventeenth century
116
The Camino Real in the seventeenth century
138
The Rio Grande Pueblo world
193
The El Paso settlements, 1680-92
230
Northwestern New Spain in the late seventeenth century
243
FIGURES
Sebastian Münster's map of the New World, Basel, 1540
6
Classificatory schemes for the Southwest from Basketmaker to
historic times
16
Juan de Oñate's coat of arms
41
Pueblo star symbol
61
San Gabriel del Yungue
76
Musketeer from de Gheyn's arms manual, 1607
94
Mission ruins, Abó Pueblo
98
Taos Pueblo, 1880
101
Visita at San Cristóbal
110
East wall mural, Giusewa Pueblo, Jemez area
111
Crucifix found in mission ruins, Giusewa Pueblo
112

 

Page viii
Model of Abó Pueblo mission
121
Mission ruins, Quarai Pueblo
122
Santo Domingo corn dance
175
Mission church at Halona (Zuni Pueblo)
195
Mission ruins at Gran Quivira, 1916
202
Horno, northern New Mexico, ca. 1935
208
"Pecos cat" figurine
213
Diego de Vargas Zapata Luján Ponce de León
236
Church interior, Santa Cruz
245
Duque de Alburquerque, Viceroy of New Spain, 1702-11
250

 

Page ix
Preface
My interest in the seventeenth-century Southwest began at the University of New Mexico (UNM) in the late 1940s and early 1950s when I had the privilege of being a student of historian France V. Scholes. I had classes and seminars with France Scholes, and he was also the history member of my doctoral committee, ably chaired by anthropologist Leslie Spier. At the time I knew him, Professor Scholes was involved in a study of the complex struggles of church and state in the province of New Mexico during the turbulent seventeenth century. Scholes's interpretations were published in more than thirty articles, many in the
New Mexico Historical Review
(
NMHR
).Today, Scholes's published work and his large collections of primary documents, now housed at the University of New Mexico and at Tulane University, represent major sources for any study of this subject.
I was aided in my Southwest work by other scholars, including Donald Brand, Florence Hawley [Ellis], W. W. Hill, and Dorothy Woodward at UNM; Harry Hoijer at UCLA; and at a slightly earlier period and somewhat more indirectly, Josiah Russell, the medievalist who directed my undergraduate Honors program at New Mexico. However, the individual who, next to Scholes and Spier, influenced me most was Eleanor B. Adams. Eleanor and I had the barest of nodding acquaintances during my student and early professional years. I came to really know Eleanor Adams around 1970 when she was editor of the
New Mexico Historical Review
, and I was returning to the Southwest after a long intellectual detour by way of Latin America, western Europe, and the Mediterranean. We were simpatico from the first, and to me Eleanor became not only a friend but also a mentor. Eleanor Adams had an extraordinarily fine mind, and she shared her knowledge and insights with generosity and flair. I was greatly influenced by her ideas on the Southwest and other subjects.

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