Authors: Bruce Catton

Grant Moves South (83 page)

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE

Sling the Knapsack for New Fields

1 .	This account of the meeting follows Grant's version in B. & L. , Vol. III, pp. 530â532. See also Dana, Recollections , pp. 95â97. Pemberton's account of the meeting, differing somewhat from Grant's, is in B. & L. , Vol. III, pp. 543â545. In the John Page Nicholson Collection at the Huntington Library, there is a letter which Pemberton wrote to Col. Nicholson on June 12, 1875, in which Pemberton said that it was Grant, rather than Bowen, who kept the conference alive when Pemberton turned to go away. At Grant's suggestion, said Pemberton, two Union and two Confederate officers informally worked out terms while Grant and Pemberton stood aside, “conversing only upon topics which had no relation to the important subject that brought us together.” Pemberton added that “there was no display of indifference by General Grant as to the result of this interviewânor did he feel indifferent.”
2 .	Letter of Richard Puffer, of the 8th Illinois.
3 .	For Northern references to the parole problem, see O. R., Series Three, Vol. IV, pp. 570, 576, 596, 644; Vol. V, p. 374.
4 .	Grant's account of the conference is in B. & L. , Vol. III, p. 532. See also O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, p. 460; Dana, Recollections , p. 97.
5 .	Grant in B. & L. , Vol. III, pp. 532â533.
6 .	Grant, B. & L. , Vol. III, p. 533; letter from Grant to an unidentified correspondent, undated but written during the summer of 1863, in the Chicago Historical Society Collection.
7 .	Sherman to Grant, July 4, O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, p. 472. Grant's messages to Sherman are in the same volume, pp. 460â461. The account of his exchange with Pemberton, regarding modification of the terms, follows Grant, B. & L. , Vol. III, p. 533. His orders regarding the occupation of Vicksburg are in O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, pp. 479, 483, 484.
8 .	O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Two, pp. 190â192.
9 .	Under the Old Flag , Vol. I, pp. 222â223; Porter to Grant, O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, p. 470; Badeau, Vol. I, p. 387.
10 .	Badeau, Vol. I, p. 388; New York Times for June 1, 1863, reprinting a dispatch in the St. Louis Republican .
11 .	The exchange of messages in respect to slaves is in O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, pp. 479, 483, 484.
12 .	A Different Valor , p. 126; O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, pp. 546, 1010.
13 .	O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, p. 534; A Different Valor , pp. 220â221.
14 .	B. & L. , Vol. III, pp. 492, 536; Major George H. Heafford, “The Army of the Tennessee,” in Vol. I, War Papers of the Wisconsin Commandery, Loyal Legion, p. 313; New York Tribune for July 15, 1863, printing a Vicksburg dispatch dated July 4.
15 .	Badeau, Vol. I, pp. 388, 409â410; O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, pp. 546â547.
16 .	O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, p. 587.
17 .	Anecdotes of General Grant , pp. 42â43; Captain Jacob S. Wilken, in Military Essays and Recollections , Vol. IV, p. 223.
18 .	Rear Admiral Daniel Ammen, The Old Navy and the New , p. 383.
19 .	Excerpt from a sketch written by Julia Dent Grant, printed in the Chicago Sunday Tribune of December 14, 1902.
20 .	O. R., Vol. XXIV, Part Three, pp. 498, 547. Promotion in the Regular service was of enormous importance to all Regular Army officers in the Civi' War. Commissions in the Volunteer service would of course lapse when the war ended, and a major general might go back to captain's rank, overnightâa thing which finally happened to several soldiers of real distinction. A man who won a general's commission in the Regular service could go his way knowing that his professional career was assured. To put the matter on an extremely practical basis, he would not need to look on the coming of peace as a disaster to his own personal fortunes.
21 .	Basler, Collected Works , Vol. VI, p. 326. The letter is dated July 13, 1863.

Bibliography

M
ANUSCRIPT
S
OURCES

U. S. Grant Papers in the Missouri Historical Society.

U. S. Grant Papers in the Illinois State Historical Library.

Letters of U. S. Grant to General James B. McPherson, in the Rutgers University Library.

Memoirs written by Julia Dent Grant, in the possession of a descendant.

Elihu B. Washburne Papers, in the Library of Congress.

William T. Sherman Papers, in the Library of Congress.

Letter of General Sherman to Mrs. Sherman, loaned by Miss E. Sherman Fitch; in the Lloyd Lewis Papers.

W. T. Sherman Papers, in the Huntington Library.

The R. T. Lincoln Collection, in the Library of Congress.

Manuscript Memoir of General John C. FrÃ©mont, in the Bancroft Library, University of California.

The George G. Pride Collection, in the Missouri Historical Society.

Papers of General Charles F. Smith, loaned by W. Terry Oliver, of Glenbrook, Connecticut.

Joseph Kirkland Papers, in the Newberry Library, Chicago.

Edwin M. Stanton Papers, in the Library of Congress.

The DeCoppett Collection, Princeton University Library.

Ethan Allen Hitchcock Diaries, in the Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Ms. Diary of General Jacob Ammen, in the Illinois State Historical Library.

Papers of Senator James R. Doolittle, in the State Historical Library, Madison, Wisconsin.

Ms. Biography of General John A. McClernand, by General Edward J. McClernand, in the Illinois State Historical Library.

The John Page Nicholson Collection, at the Huntington Library.

Blair Family Papers, in the Library of Congress.

Letters of General Lew Wallace, in the Palmer Collection, Western Reserve Historical Society.

Regimental Order Book of the 21st Illinois, in the National Archives.

Letter of General N. J. T. Dana, in the Huntington Library.

Ms. Letter of Richard Puffer of the 8th Illinois, in the Chicago Historical Society.

Biography of Major General Grenville M. Dodge: typescript in the Iowa State Department of History and Archives.

The Oliver Barrett Collection.

Civil War Reminiscences of Dr. John Cooper; manuscript loaned by Harley Bronson Cooper of Lynbrook, New York.

Letters of George L. Lang, of the 12th Wisconsin; loaned by Stanley Barnett of Cleveland.

Letters of Isaac Jackson of the 83rd Ohio; loaned by J. O. Jackson of Detroit.

Letters of Abram S. Funk of the 35th Iowa; loaned by Mrs. Erie M. Funk of Long Beach, California.

N
EWSPAPERS AND
M
AGAZINES

Use was made of numerous newspaper and magazine files. Many of these were in the immense set of newspaper clippings collected by Lloyd Lewis; others were consulted in various libraries. Newspapers and magazines quoted in the text include:

St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Missouri Republican, New York Tribune, New York Herald, New York Times, New York World, Washington Post, Galena Northwestern Gazette, Cincinnati Commercial, Chicago Times, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Journal, National Tribune
and
National Republican
.

Also
McClure's Magazine, Army and Navy Journal, Midland Monthly, Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States, Iowa Historical Record, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, North American Review, Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, Journal of Southern History, Chicago Forum
and
American Heritage
.

B
OOKS

A principal reliance in any study of the Civil War is of course the massive War Department compendium, “The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.” This is cited in the footnotes simply as O. R.; unless otherwise specified, the volumes used are from Series One. Use has also been made of the companion “Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies during the War of the Rebellion.”

Other books consulted include the following:

BOOKS RELATING DIRECTLY TO GRANT

Adam Badeau,
Military History of Ulysses S. Grant
. 3 vols. New York, 1868.

Sylvanus Cadwallader,
Three Years with Grant
, edited by Benjamin P. Thomas. New York, 1955.

William Conant Church,
Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction
. New York, 1897.

A. L. Conger,
The Rise of U. S. Grant
. New York, 1931.

Louis A. Coolidge,
Ulysses S. Grant
. Boston and New York, 1917.

Henry Coppee,
Life and Services of General U. S. Grant
. Chicago, 1868.

Jesse Grant Cramer, ed.,
Letters of Ulysses S. Grant to his Father and his Youngest Sister
. New York, 1912.

Nelson Cross,
The Modern Ulysses, LL.D.; His Political Record
. New York, 1872.

Wilbur F. Crummer,
With Grant at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg
. Oak Park, Ill., 1915.

Charles A. Dana and James H. Wilson,
The Life of Ulysses S. Grant
. Springfield, 1868.

John Eaton,
Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen
. New York, 1907.

J. F. C. Fuller,
The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant
. London, 1929.

Hamlin Garland,
Ulysses S. Grant; his Life and Character
. New York, 1898.

U. S. Grant,
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant
. 2 vols. New York, 1885.

William B. Hesseltine,
Ulysses S. Grant, Politician
. New York, 1935.

Lloyd Lewis,
Captain Sam Grant
. Boston, 1950.

John B. McMaster,
The Life, Memoirs, Military Career and Death of General Grant
. Philadelphia, 1885.

General Horace Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
. New York, 1897.

Albert D. Richardson,
A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant
. Hartford, 1868.

J. L. Ringwalt,
Anecdotes of General Grant
. Philadelphia, 1886.

James Grant Wilson,
The Life and Campaigns of General Grant
. New York, 1897.

ââ, ed.,
General Grant's Letters to a Friend, 1861â1880
. New York, 1897.

John Russell Young,
Around the World with General Grant
. 2 vols. New York, 1879.

GENERAL WORKS

Rear Admiral Daniel Ammen,
The Old Navy and the New
. Philadelphia, 1891.

Roy Basler, ed.,
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
. 8 vols. Rutgers, New Jersey, 1953.

D. Alexander Brown,
Griersor's Raid
. Urbana, Illinois, 1954.

Bruce Catton,
This Hallowed Ground
. New York, 1956.

Augustus L. Chetlain,
Recollections of Seventy Years
. Galena, Illinois, 1899.

Dudley Taylor Cornish,
The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861â1865
. New York, 1956.

Jacob D. Cox,
Military Reminiscences of the Civil War
. 2 vols. New York, 1900.

Emmet Crozier,
Yankee Reporters, 1861â65
. New York, 1956.

Charles A. Dana,
Recollections of the Civil War
. New York, 1902.

Major General Grenville Dodge,
Personal Recollections
. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1914.

David Donald, ed.,
Inside Lincoln's Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase
. New York and London, 1954.

Clement Eaton,
A History of the Southern Confederacy
. New York, 1954.

M. F. Force,
From Fort Henry to Corinth
. New York, 1882.

Gustavus V. Fox,
Confidential Correspondence of G. V. Fox, 1861â65
. 2 vols. New York, 1920.

H. Allen Gosnell,
Guns on the Western Waters: The Story of River Gunboats in the Civil War
. Baton Rouge, 1949.

Gilbert Govan and James W. Livingood,
A Different Valor: The Story of General Joseph E. Johnston, C.S.A
. Indianapolis, 1956.

Francis Vinton Greene,
The Mississippi
. New York, 1884.

Matilda Gresham,
The Life of Walter Quintin Gresham
. 2 vols. Chicago, 1919.

M. B. Hammond,
The Cotton Industry: An Essay in American Economic History
. New York, 1892.

Francis B. Heitman,
Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army
. 2 vols. Washington, 1903.

Robert Selph Henry,
First with the Most: Forrest
. Indianapolis, 1944.

ââ,
The Story of the Confederacy
. Indianapolis, 1931.

Stanley Horn,
The Army of Tennessee
. Indianapolis, 1941.

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