Authors: Bruce Catton
CHAPTER THREE
Time of Preparation
1 | Frémont, in |
2 | George W. Driggs, |
3 | Grant to Jesse Grant, dated August 31, in Cramer, pp. 54â55; Grant to Washburne, September 3, 1861, in the Grant Papers at the Illinois State Historical Library. |
4 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol I, p. 264. |
5 | A. T. Mahan, |
6 | Brinton, p. 37. |
7 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 264â265. Note that Frémont had a really good intelligence system. He maintained a map-compilation room in the basement of his headquarters house, and he used a scout named Charles D'Arnaud to penetrate Kentucky and Tennessee and bring back plans of roads, military installations and so on. In his manuscript memoirs, previously cited (Note 16 Chapter Two) Frémont says that he had D'Arnaud make a second visit to the Tennessee Cumberland area, because he intended to move south along those rivers and the Mississippi. Presumably it was D'Arnaud whom Grant saw in Cairo, but it would be interesting to know more about the encounter. |
8 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 266; Charles H. Wills, “Army Life of an |
9 | Grant to Speaker of Kentucky House of Representatives, September 5, O. R., Vol. III, p. 166. |
10 | Grant to Frémont, September 6, O. R., Vol. IV, p. 197; Frémont to Grant, September 6, O. R., Vol. III, p. 471; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 267. |
11 | Augustus L. Chetlain, “Recollections of U. S. Grant,” in Vol. I, |
12 | Letter of George B. McClellan to “My Dear General,” not otherwise identified, dated January 24, 1885, in the C. F. Smith Papers; Special Orders No. 80 of the Adjutant General's Office (dated March 15, 1861) and No. 222 (dated August 19, 1861), also in the Smith Papers; Grant to Captain Chauncey McKeever, October 9, in O. R., Vol. III, p. 528. |
13 | Lieutenant Matthew H. Jamison, in |
14 | Brinton, p. 37. |
15 | Brinton, pp. 40â44, 67; Manuscript “Reminiscences of Dr. John Cooper,” owned by Harley Bronson Cooper of Lynbrook, N. Y. |
16 | Grant's reports and orders covering these matters are in O. R., Vol. III, pp. 486, 489, 505, 519, 537, 556. |
17 | O. R., Vol. III, pp. 490, 501, 511, 520, 529, 537. |
18 | Colonel R. M. Kelly, “Holding Kentucky for the Union,” |
19 | The interchange between Polk and the committee is in O. R., Vol. IV, pp. 185â186. Anderson's announcement of his resignationâmade, he said, “with less reluctance for that purpose”âis p. 296. For a detailed examination of the problems confronting Johnston, see Stanley Horn, |
20 | Grant to Frémont, September 9 and 10, O. R., Vol. III, pp. 168â169; Grant to Colonel G. Waagner and Colonel Oglesby, September 11, p. 487; Grant to Frémont, September 12, p. 489. |
21 | Frémont to Grant, September 12, O. R., Vol. III, p. 489. His letter to Lincoln is in |
22 | Colonel Mulligan's account of the Lexington disaster is in |
23 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 269; O. R., Vol. III, pp. 199, 556. |
24 | Frémont's September 15 report to the War Department is in O. R., Vol. III, p. 493. It shows 3057 at Ironton, 650 at Cape Girardeau, 3510 at Bird's Point and Norfolk, 4826 at Cairo, 3595 at Fort Holt and 900 at Mound City. In addition, C. F. Smith had 7021 at Paducah. |
25 | Frémont to Grant, September 26, O. R., Vol. III, p. 507; same, Grant to Smith, September 20, pp. 501â502; Grant to Oglesby, October 1, p. 511. |
26 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 269. |
27 | Brinton, pp. 53, 61â62; John Beatty, |
28 | Unidentified newspaper clipping in the Joseph Kirkland Papers, Newberry Library, Chicago, quoting a speech before the George H. Thomas Post, Grand Army of the Republic, in Chicago on April 23, 1880. See also John Beatty, cited Note 27. |
29 | Photostatic copy of |
30 | Letter of U. S. Grant to Benson J. Lossing, printed in William W. Belknap's |
31 | Robert W. McClaughry, “The Boys of 1861âand Their Boys,” in Vol. III, |
32 | Major Hoyt Sherman, in a speech before the 1897 reunion of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee. |
33 | Captain John H. Page, “Recollections of 1861 as Seen Through a Boy's Eyes,” in |
34 | Interview with J. N. Tyner, printed in the |
35 | Interview with W. S. Hillyer in the |
36 | A. C. Chetlain to Washburne, October 16, 1861, in the Washburne Papers. |
37 | Benjamin to Bragg, December 27, 1861, in O. R., Vol. VI, p. 788. |
CHAPTER FOUR
“You Looked Like Giants”
1 | Article on John Rawlins in the |
2 | James H. Wilson, |
3 | Captain John M. Shaw, “The Life and Services of General John A. Rawlins,” in |
4 | Wilson, as Note 2, p. 60. |
5 | Cincinnati Commercial |
6 | O. R., Vol. III, p. 209. |
7 | Report of Colonel G. Waagner, dated September 2, O. R., Vol. III, p. 151. |
8 | O. R., Vol. III, pp. 267â268. |
9 | Rawlins, in a speech before the Society of the Army of Tennessee; from the report of the Society's Proceedings published in Cincinnati in 1866. |
10 | O. R., Vol. III, p. 268. |
11 | Same, pp. 269â270. |
12 | O. R., Vol. IV, pp. 513, 517, 522; Vol. III, p. 732. |
13 | Captain John Seaton, “The Battle of Belmont,” in “Sundry Papers” of the Kansas Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Vol. I; Brinton, pp. 72â73; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 272â273. |
14 | Dr. William L. Polk, “General Polk and the Battle of Belmont,” |
15 | Both Brinton and Captain Seaton give interesting details about the disorganization in the Federal ranks following the initial triumph and during the subsequent retreat, and their accounts have been used extensively in the preparation of this chapter. In his Memoirs (Vol. I, pp. 273â274) Grant says of his men: “Veterans could not have behaved better than they did up to the moment of reaching the Rebel camp. At this point they became demoralized from their victory.” |
16 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 274â276. |
17 | In her old age Julia Dent Grant wrote the story of this strange incident. As it happened, on the day of the battle of Belmont she was going to leave Galena with the children and go to Cairo to visit General Grant; this vision came to her just before she left the Grant home. This enabled her to fix the time of its occurrence, when she told Grant about it after reaching Cairo. Grant mentions the dangerous ride away from the boatsâwithout referring to Julia's strange visionâin his Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 277â279. |
18 | Captain John Seaton, as Note 13. |
19 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 279; Captain John Seaton, as Note 13; Charles Wills, |
20 | Casualty figures are from |
21 | Smith's report in O. R., Vol. III, pp. 299â300. |
22 | O. R., Vol. III, p. 274. |
23 | Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 280â281. |
24 | Conger, pp. 99â101. See also Grant's statement to Colonel Oglesby: “The confidence inspired in our troops in the engagement will be of incalculable benefit to us in the future”âin O. R., Vol. III, p. 272. |
25 | James B. Eads, “Recollections of Foote and the Gunboats,” in |
26 | Wilson, as Note 2, p. 68. |
27 | Dr. William L. Polk, as Note 14, pp. 356â357; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 281; O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 369â370. |
28 | Dr. William L. Polk, as Note 14; letter of Charles M. Scott, pilot in 1861 of the steamer |
29 | O. R., Vol. III, pp. 304, 309; Captain John Seaton, as Note 13. |
CHAPTER FIVE
General Halleck Takes Over