p. 183
| regulated as a food product: Sally Squires, “Is Bottled Water Worth the Price?,”
Washington Post
, Jan. 22, 1986, Health Section 14.
|
p. 183
| manufacturers must remove or reduce: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 43.
|
p. 183
| water never enters into interstate commerce: Olson, “Bottled Water.”
|
p. 183
| Ten states do not regulate: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 37.
|
p. 183
| only one-quarter of one person: “Money Down the Drain? A Review of Bottled Water in Massachusetts,” Massachusetts Senate Committee on Post Audit and Oversight (2000), 7.
|
p. 184
| forty-three states fund one or fewer: Howard, “Message in a Bottle.”
|
p. 184
| more than 330,000 times: “Drinking Water,” NYC Environmental Protection,
http://nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/index.shtml
.
|
p. 184
| if fines are ever levied: “Money Down the Drain.”
|
p. 184
| “specific source, mineral composition”: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 59.
|
p. 184
| Cleveland with the local tap: Howard, “Message in a Bottle.”
|
p. 185
| “purity can be misguided”: Standage, “Bad to the Last Drop.”
|
p. 185
| bottles contained arsenic: Olson, “Bottled Water.”
|
p. 185
| arsenic, benzene, chloroform: “Bottled Water and Vended Water: Are Consumers Getting Their Money’s Worth?,” Office of Research, California Legislature Assembly (1985), 2.
|
p. 185
| Kansas Department of Health: Howard, “Message in a Bottle.”
|
p. 186
| discarded daily in trash cans: “Bottled Water,”
Container Recycling Institute
,
http://www.container-recycling.org/facts/plastic/bottledwater.htm
.
|
p. 186
| water bottles in its trash: Howard, “Message in a Bottle.”
|
p. 186
| “better for the environment”: “Pepsico’s Aquafina Launches the Eco-Fina Bottle, the Lightest Weight Bottle in the Market,” Pepsico,
http://www.pepsico.com/PressRelease/pepsicos-aquafina-launches-the-eco-fina-bottle-the-lightest-weight-bottle-inthe03252009.html
.
|
p. 186
| overall recycling rate for plastic: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 97.
|
p. 186
| “16 percent of PET water bottles”: Howard, “Message in a Bottle.”
|
p. 186
| the sixth state to do so: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 101.
|
p. 187
| a lot more greenhouse gas emissions: Maureen Clancy, “Bottled water can be a poor environmental choice,”
San Diego Union-Tribune
, Aug. 20, 2007.
|
p. 187
| website lists a series of initiatives: Fiji Water Newsroom,
http://www.fijiwater.co.uk/Newsstand.aspx
.
|
p. 187
| “Greenwashes of the Year”: Heidi Spiegelbaum, “The Greenwash Brigade,” American Public Media Marketplace,
http://www.marketplace.org/topics/sustainability/greenwash-brigade/fiji-water-numbers
.
|
p. 187
| American Nuns similarly voiced: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 140.
|
p. 188
| Del Posto in New York and Poggio: Marian Burros, “Fighting the Tide, a Few Restaurants Tilt to Tap Water,”
New York Times
, May 30, 2007.
|
p. 188
| “the greatest marketing scam”: Royte,
Bottlemania
, 149.
|
p. 188
| water filter and reusable container: Rick Rouan, “Water experiences a bottleneck in sales,”
Beverage Industry
(Oct. 2010), 12; Glennon,
Unquenchable
, 48.
|
p. 189
| install fifty water fountains: “UCF To Install Water Fountains In New Stadium,” WESH, Sept. 18, 2007,
http://www.wesh.com/news/14143574/detail.html?rss=orl&psp=news
.
|
p. 190
| trendiest restaurants: Florence Fabricant, “In a Drought, Putting a Spin on the Bottle,”
New York Times
, Apr. 3, 2002.
|
p. 190
| Atlanta restaurants did the same: Catherine Cobb, “Drought Drives Water Conservation Efforts in Southeast,”
Nation’s Restaurant News
, Nov. 4, 2007. Many of the restaurants only served tap water upon request.
|
p. 192
| Cochabamba’s residents lack access: Erik B. Bluemel, “The Implications of Formulating a Human Right to Water,”
Ecology Law Quarterly
31 (2004), 957, 965.
|
p. 192
| up to ten times more: Elizabeth Peredo Beltran, “Water, Privatization and Conflict: Women from the Cochabamba Valley,”
Global Issue Papers
4 (Apr. 2004), 13; William Finnegan, “Leasing the Rain,”
The New Yorker
, Apr. 8, 2002, 43.
|
p. 193
| declared the property of the state: Maria McFarland Sanchez-Moreno and Tracy Higgins, “Special Report: No Recourse: Transnational Corporations and the Protection of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in Bolivia,”
Fordham International Law Journal
27 (2004), 1663, 1761.
|
p. 193
| “a fundamental human right”: The Cochabamba Declaration (2000), available at
http://www.citizen.org/cmep/article_redirect.cfm?ID=10304
.
|
p. 194
| “recognized as an economic good”: The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development (1992), available at
http://www.wmo.in/t/pages/prog/hwrp/documents/english/icwedece.html
.
|
p. 195
| sub-Saharan Africa: “Keeping sanitation in the international spotlight,”
The Lancet
371 (Mar. 29, 2008), 1045.
|
p. 195
| illnesses caused by contaminated water: “Water Facts,” Water.org,
http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/water
.
|
p. 195
| the death of one child: Morris,
The Blue Death
, 264.
|
p. 195
| every dollar spent to improve sanitation: J. Bartram et al., “Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health,”
The Lancet
365 (2005), 810.
|
p. 195
| within a fifteen-minute walk: John Thompson et al., “Waiting at the Tap: Changes in Urban Water Use in East Africa Over Three Decades,”
Environment & Urbanization
12 (2000), 37, 48.
|
p. 196
| 170 million people have to walk: Fishman,
The Big Thirst
, 240.
|
p. 196
| put a human face on the situation: Aylito’s story is adapted from Tina Rosenberg, “The Burden of Thirst,”
National Geographic
, Apr. 2010.
|
p. 197
| A group of Indian girls stopping: The photograph, by Tom Maisey, can be found at Wikimedia,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Girls_carrying_water_in_India.jpg
.
|
p. 198
| greatest threat facing their citizens: Personal communication with William Reilly, former EPA Administrator (Sept. 21, 2005).
|
p. 198
| the term “water deprivation”: Ben Crow, “Water: Gender and Material Inequalities in the Global South” (Center for Global, International, & Regional Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, working paper no. 2001-5, 2001), 3,
http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=cgirs
.
|
p. 198
| “poverty is, quite literally, de-civilizing”: Fishman,
The Big Thirst
, 246.
|
p. 199
| 95 percent of water systems: Glennon,
Unquenchable
, 248.
|
p. 200
| growing at an annual 6 percent: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 45.
|
p. 200
| privatized across the globe: Finnegan, “Leasing the Rain.”
|
p. 200
| infrastructure to /files/01/94/65/f019465/public/private partnerships: Gleick,
The World’s Water
, 48.
|
p. 201
| have been renegotiated: J. Luis Guasch, Jean-Jacques Laffont, and Stephane Straub, “Renegotiation of Concession Contracts in Latin America” (ESE Discussion Papers, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh, 2004), 103,
http://ideas.repec.org/p/edn/esedps/103.html
.
|
p. 210
| “full cost recovery”: Bakker, “Archipelagos and Networks,” 2.
|
p. 202
| water provision and sewer lines expanded: Sebastian Galiani et al., “Water for Life: The Impact of the Privatization of Water Services on Child Mortality,”
Journal of Political Economy
113 (Feb. 2005), 83.
|
p. 202
| one of the authors concluded: Ernesto Schargrodsky, “Water and Human Well Being Executive Session” (VIU, San Servelo, July 20, 2009),
http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers-programs/centers/cid/ssp/docs/events/workshops/2009/water/Schargrodsky_Infrastructure_disc_090720.pdf
.
|
p. 203
| “he forgot to lay the pipes”: Glennon,
Unquenchable
, 247.
|
p. 203
| to privatization in Argentina: Ibid.
|
p. 203
| “cutting off poor Argentines”: “Buenos Aires: Collapse of the Privatization Deal,” Food & Water Watch,
http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/global/latin-america/argentina/buenos-aires-collapse-of-the-privatization-deal
.
|
p. 204
| “rate hikes, cut-offs”: Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke, “The Struggle For Latin America’s Water,” North American Congress on Latin America.
|
p. 204
| human right to water: Gleick,
Unquenchable
, 206 (table listing “international documents, treaties, declarations, and standards recognizing the right to water and related forms of health and human development”).
|
p. 204
| “accessible and affordable water”: General Comment No. 15 (2002), The right to water (arts. 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights),
http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/a5458d1d1bbd713fc1256cc400389e94
.
|
p. 204
| seven to fourteen gallons a day: Peter Gleick has suggested the basic minimum for drinking, cooking, bathing and sanitation should be 13 gallons a day. Glennon,
Unquenchable
, 229.
|
p. 205
| “what corporations and investors want”: The Council of Canadians,
http://www.canadians.org/
.
|
p. 205
| resolution in 2010 declaring: The Human Right to Water and Sanitation, A/64/L.63/Rev.1 (2010).
|
p. 206
| “from one of charity or commodity”: Erik B. Bluemel, “The Implications of Formulating a Human Right to Water,”
Ecology Law Quarterly
31 (2004), 957, 973.
|
p. 206
| at least fifteen national constitutions: “Right to Water: Moving towards a global consensus?,” World Water Council,
http://www.worldwaterforum5.org/fileadmin/wwc/Programs/Right_to_Water/Pdf_doct/Story_RTW_CD_March07_compressed.pdf
.
|
p. 206
| “in any civilised society”: Chameli Singh v. State of U.P., Indian Supreme Court (1996) 2SCC549:(AIR 1996 SC 1051).
|
p. 207
| list went on and on: S.K. Garg v. State of U.P. and Ors., May 28, 1998.
|
p. 207
| stopping the burial of bodies: M.C Mehta v. Union of India (1988) 1 SCC 471.
|
p. 208
| “large numbers due to dehydration”: S.K. Garg v. State of U.P. and Ors.
|
p. 208
| 17 percent of Indians do not have access: Amy Yee, “Liter by Liter, Indians Get Cleaner Water,”
New York Times
, Mar. 21, 2012.
|
p. 208
| entitlement of twenty-five liters: Alix-Gowlland Gualtieri, “South Africa’s Water Law and Policy Framework: Implications for the Right to Water” (IELRC Working Paper, 2007), 1, 4,
http://www.ielrc.org/content/w0703.pdf
.
|
p. 209
| municipalities have installed prepaid meters: Mazibuko, Case CCT 39/09 at 7.
|
p. 209
| lower court said the practice: Mazibuko and Others v. City of Johannesburg and Others (Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions as amicus curiae) [2008] 4 All SA 471 (W).
|
p. 209
| “to realise the achievement of the right”: Mazibuko, Case CCT 39/09 at 25.
|
p. 209
| more than eight million South Africans: “In the matter between: Lindiwe Mazibuko and Others and the City of Johannesburg and Others,” Constitutional Court of South Africa, Case CCT 39/09, 2 (2009).
|
p. 210
| “to receive it from the hydrants”: Jeffrey A. Kroessler, “Water for the City,”
The Old Croton Aqueduct: Rural Resources Meet Urban Needs
(Yonkers, NY: Hudson River Museum of Westchester, 1992), 14.
|
p. 211
| of water from rain barrels: Finnegan, “Leasing the Rain,” 47–51.
|
p. 213
| from 0.01 to 0.05 cents: “Preventing Diarrheal Disease in Developing Countries: Proven Household Water Treatment Options, “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” Nov. 2010.
|
p. 213
| technique has been disseminated: Daniele S. Lantagne et al., “Household water treatment and safe storage options in developing countries: A review of current implementation practices,” Woodrow Wilson Center Navigating Peace Initiative.
|
p. 213
| 130 million sachets: “Safe Drinking Water,” P&G Health Sciences Institute,
http://www.pghsi.com/pghsi/safewater
.
|
p. 214
| “is warranted on the basis”: Thomas Clasen et al., “Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis,”
BMJ
334 (Mar. 12, 2007),
http://www.bmj.com/content/334/7597/782
.
|
p. 214
| review of POU field studies: Lorna Fewtrell et al., “Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis,”
Lancet Infectious Diseases
5(2005), 42, 48.
|
p. 215
| those who purchase the kits: Nava Ashraf, James Berry, and Jesse M. Shaprio, “Can Higher Prices Stimulate Product Use? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Zambia,”
American Economic Review
100 (2010), 2383.
|
p. 215
| “willing to pay for water quantity”: Alix Peterson, Michael Kremer, and Robyn Meeks, “Water and Human Well Being: Report of an Executive Session on the Grand Challenges of a Sustainability Transition, San Servolo Island, Venice, Italy: July 20-21, 2009” (CID Working Paper No. 188, Center for International Development Working Paper, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Nov. 2009).
|
p. 215
| this level of use is no small achievement: Daniele S. Lantagne et al., “Household water treatment and safe storage options in developing countries.”
|
p. 215
| “You’re a professor?”: The quotations in this section are from a talk Scott Harrison gave at Duke’s Nicholas School of the Environment on April 27, 2009.
|
p. 217
| Scott Harrison, the founder: The photograph, provided by the Silicon Prairie News, can be found at Wiki media,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scott_Harrison_2010.jpg
.
|
p. 220
| cities around the globe hosted events: Amanda Rose, “Twestival Raises Over $250K and Counting,”
http://mashable.com/2009/02/18/twestival-results
.
|