Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice (94 page)

H

Haematemesis,
118
Haemorrhage
acute pancreatitis,
151
anorectal,
211
control,
236
gastrointestinal (GI) tract,
167
,
168f
upper (UGI),
119
intra-abdominal,
234
pelvic,
234
,
246
,
248b
post-pancreatectomy,
152–153
Haemorrhoidectomy,
210
,
211t
Haemorrhoids,
210
thrombosed,
210–211
,
211t
Hamman’s sign,
105–106
Head
chest, abdominal injuries, combined,
234
and neck procedures,
51
Health Service Statistics Division (Scotland),
142
Health Services Research Unit,
5
Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA),
5
Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) code,
42–43
Health-related quality of life,
29–30
Healthy years equivalent (HYE),
28
Heaney technique,
244–245
Heart injury scale,
256t
Height,
312
Helicobacter pylori
,
102
,
117
,
121
,
128
peptic ulcers,
102–103
,
125
,
126
Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS),
229–230
Helsinki scoring system,
145
Hemospray®,
124
Heparin,
274
-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT),
271
low-molecular weight (LMWH),
271
,
274
,
278
,
279
unfractionated (UFH),
271
,
274
,
278–279
Hepatic injury,
243–245
,
245f
Hernias
small bowel,
354–355
,
355f
See also
Abdominal hernias
Heterogeneity,
9–11
,
10f
,
11f
Hinchey grading system,
191
,
191t
Hirschsprung’s disease (HD),
219
Homan’s sign,
275
Hong Kong scoring system,
145
Hormone level, changes,
309b
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT),
271–272
Hospitalisation,
52–53
,
174–175
,
271
Hunger hormone (ghrelin),
345
Hyperamylasaemia,
143
,
143b
Hypercoagulability,
270
Hyperhomocysteinaemia,
270
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS),
224
,
224f

I

Icodextrin (ADEPT®),
162
Ileal perforation, isolated,
222–223
Ileal transposition,
349
Ileosigmoid knotting,
183–184
,
183f
Imipenum,
147
Immune competence,
313
Immunological scoring system,
145
Immunosuppression,
329
Impedance plethysmography (IP),
276
Implantable neuroregulators,
349–350
Imrie score,
150
Incarcerated inguinal hernia,
223
Incisional hernias,
72–76
aetiology,
72–73
management,
73–76
,
73f
laparoscopic repair,
75–76
mesh repair,
74–76
open sublay technique,
74–75
,
74f
,
75f
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER),
34
,
37
Incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT),
293–294
,
294b
Infancy, surgical emergencies,
224–225
Infantile hernias
inguinal,
64–65
umbilical,
61–62
Infection
colonic,
191–194
enteral nutrition,
317b
mesh repairs,
77–78
necrotising,
208
port problems,
353
wound,
175
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA),
179–180
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
filters,
280
injury,
246
Inflammation, colonic,
191–194
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
208
nutritional support,
321–322
Inflammatory conditions, neonatal,
221–223
assessment,
221
specific forms,
221–223
Information
analysis, value of,
37
Inguinal hernias,
63–71
adult,
66–70
aetiology,
66
complications,
69
contralateral repair,
70
intraperitoneal prosthetic,
68
laparoscopic repair,
68–69
management,
66–69
,
66f
suture vs mesh vs laparoscopic repair,
69–70
tension-free prosthetic mesh repair,
66–68
,
66f
,
67f
totally extraperitoneal prosthetic (TEP) repair,
68–69
transabdominal pre-peritoneal prosthetic (TAPP) repair,
68
anatomy,
63
asymptomatic,
71
definition,
63
,
64f
incarcerated neonatal,
223
infants/children,
64–65
clinical presentation,
64
complications,
65
management,
64–65
operative details,
64–65
recurrent,
70–71
laparoscopic repair,
70–71
tension-free prosthetic mesh repair,
70
Inherited protein C deficiency,
270
Institute for Innovation and Improvement,
50
Insulin,
309b
Integrated care pathways (ICPs),
13
Intensive care units (ICU),
328
,
334–335
,
334b
See also
Perioperative/intensive care management
Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices,
273
Internal validity,
3
Internet resources,
4
Interventional Procedures Programme (IPP) (NICE),
5
Interventional radiology, abdominal trauma,
249–251
Intestinal atresia,
216f
,
219
Intestinal fistulas,
339–341
,
340b
Intestinal malrotations,
220–221
,
220f
Intestinal obstruction, neonatal,
215–221
assessment,
215–218
,
216f
,
216t
,
217f
specific forms,
218–221
Intestinal obstruction, postoperative,
164
Intestinal stenosis,
219
Intra-abdominal bleeding,
234
haemorrhage,
234
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH),
339
,
339b
See also
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)
Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP),
338–339
,
339b
See also
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)
Intracranial contents,
239
Intragastric balloon,
347
,
348f
complications,
355–356
Intraperitoneal abscesses,
334b
Intraperitoneal prosthetic repair,
68
Intussusception,
164
infancy,
224–225
Iron,
311b
Ischaemic colitis,
179–181
aetiology/pathophysiology,
180
,
180b
diagnosis,
180–181
,
181f
treatment,
181
ISIS-4 trial,
10–11
Isolated ileal perforation,
222–223

J

Jejunal perforations, ERCP,
110–112
Jejuno-ileal bypass (JIB),
347–348
,
348f
complications,
351t
,
356
Jejunostomy,
336f
tubes,
316
Journals,
4

K

Kidney injury scale,
263t
Klebsiella
spp,
140
Kocher’s manoeuvre,
126
,
245

L

Lactobacillus plantarum
,
150
Ladd procedure,
221
Ladd’s bands,
220–221
,
220f
Laparoscopic appendicectomy,
170–171
technique,
171
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
50
Laparoscopic Groin and Hernia Trial Group (MRC),
2–3
Laparoscopic repair,
104
,
232
acute abdomen,
94–95
,
94f
small-bowel obstruction,
164
,
164f
Laparotomy,
182
,
232–233
abdominal sepsis,
336
,
336f
abdominal trauma,
232–235
,
233f
damage control (DCL),
235–237
,
336–337
re-laparotomy,
337
Large-bowel obstruction,
90–91
,
90f
Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS),
210
Leg exercises,
273
Lichtenstein technique,
66–68
,
69b
,
70
Lidocaine,
49t
Limb/abdominal injuries,
234
Lipid disturbances,
319b
Liver disturbances,
319b
Liver function tests (LFTs),
86
,
133
,
134
,
140–141
,
150–151
Liver injury
angio-embolisation,
249–250
scale,
258t
selective non-operative management (SNOM),
248–249
,
249b
Local anaesthesia,
49
,
49t
Lockwood approach,
71–72
Loperamide,
340
Lothiessen approach,
71
,
72
Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH),
271
,
274
,
278
,
279
Lung injury scale,
256t

M

McEvedy approach,
71
,
163
femoral hernias,
72
McGill Pain Questionnaire,
25
,
26–27
McVay procedure,
70
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP),
134
,
134f
,
135f
,
141
,
142
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
94
,
276
,
277
Malignancy
fistulas,
208
small-bowel obstruction,
162–163
venous thromboembolism (VTE),
271
Malignant Bowel Obstruction (MBO) Study (ACPGBI),
289
Malignant large-bowel obstruction,
187–190
investigations,
188
,
188f
management,
188–190
presentation,
187
Mallory–Weiss syndrome,
121
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST),
313–314
Marginal costing,
32
Markov model,
103
Mayo (‘vest-over-pants’) procedure,
73
Measuring quality: the patient’s view of day surgery
(Audit Commission),
42
Meckel’s diverticulum,
166–167
,
167f
Meconium ileus,
217f
,
218–219
Meconium peritonitis,
221
Medical Research Council (MRC),
273
Laparoscopic Groin and Hernia Trial Group,
2–3
Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme (MTEP) (NICE),
12
Medicare risk assessment model,
289–290
MEDLINE database,
4–5
,
8
Melaena,
118
Mesa-oesophagus, gastric band,
353
Mesenteric ischaemia,
165–166
,
166f
Mesh repairs, abdominal hernias,
58–60
,
59f
infection, management,
77–78
vs suture/laparoscopic repair,
69–70
tension-free prosthetic,
66–68
,
66f
,
67f
,
70
Meta-analysis,
9–11
Metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs),
292
,
292t
Metabolic issues
enteral nutrition,
317b
parenteral nutrition (PN),
319b
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA),
76–77
Metronidazole,
136–137
,
147
Micronutrients,
311–312
,
311b
metabolism,
310
Midazolam,
48
Mild acute pancreatitis, defined,
142b
Minerals,
311–312
,
311b
metabolism,
310
Mini-gastric bypass,
346
,
347f
complications,
351t
,
355
Mirizzi syndrome,
134
,
135f
Mobilisation,
273
Modular diets,
316
Morphine,
48
Mortality rates,
24–25
,
298–299
Mucosal/submucosal tumours, endotherapy,
110
Multi-criteria decision analysis (MDCA),
37
Multidisciplinary teams,
320
Multiple factor scoring systems,
145
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),
329–330
,
333
defined,
329b
Multiple organ failure (MOF),
328
,
334
,
337
Muscle function,
313

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