Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (64 page)

104
Churchill,
Winston S. Churchill
, vol. I, p. 541.

105
‘Mr Winston Churchill, MP at Middlesbro’,
Northern Echo
, 12 Nov. 1900.

106
‘Mr Winston Churchill in Leeds’,
Leeds Mercury
, 16 Nov. 1900. Joubert, who had been Commandant General of the Transvaal, had in fact died in March.

107
‘Statement by Mr Cockran’,
New York Times
, 15 Dec. 1900.

108
‘How Lieut. Churchill Escaped from the Boers’,
New York Times
, 13 Dec. 1900.

109
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 375.

110
Montreal Gazette
, 24 Dec. 1900, quoted in David Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’: Winston Churchill in Canada, 1900–1954
, Thomas Allen, Toronto, 2005, p. 13.

111
Moran,
Struggle for Survival
, p. 19.

112
Gustav Ohlinger, ‘Winston Spencer Churchill: A Midnight Interview’,
Michigan Quarterly Review
, 5 (1966), pp. 75–9. Quotation at 77.

113
WSC to Milner, 31 Dec. 1900, Milner Papers, Dep. 184, ff. 155–7.

114
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 369.

115
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 89, 18 Feb. 1901, col. 406.

116
Ibid., col. 408.

117
WSC to the editor of
The Times
, 25 June 1901 (published 28 June), CV II, part 1, p. 75. Emphasis in original.

118
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 89, 18 Feb. 1901, col. 407.

119
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 379.

120
WSC to Milner 17 March 1901, quoted in Addison,
Churchill on the Home Front
, pp. 17–18.

121
Speech of 4 Oct. 1901.

122
‘Sir E. Grey on Political Questions’,
The Times
, 12 Oct. 1901.

123
Montreal Gazette
, 24 Dec. 1900, quoted in Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’
, p. 16.

124
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 249.

125
‘Mr Winston Churchill MP at Oldham’,
Manchester Guardian
, 20 May 1901.

4. THAT WILD WINSTON

1
Ramsay MacDonald to the
Leicester Pioneer
, quoted in ‘Mr Churchill and the Colonies’,
The Times
, 21 March 1906.

2
Quoted in ‘Mr Winston Churchill’s Indiscretions’,
Public Opinion
, 23 March 1906.

3
‘Lord Elgin and South African Affairs’,
Wanganui Herald
, 27 April 1906.

4
Editorial,
The Times
, 26 April 1906.

5
Quoted in ‘Mr Churchill’s Speech: Strong Colonial Comments’,
The Times
, 17 March 1906.

6
Lord Selborne to Lord Northcote, 15 July 1906, D. George Boyce (ed.),
The Crisis of British Power: The Imperial and Naval Papers of the Second Earl of Selborne, 1895–1910
, The Historians’ Press, London, 1990, p. 273.

7
‘Mr Winston Churchill’,
Tuapeka Times
, 17 February 1906.

8
WSC to Lady Randolph, 6 April [1897], CV I, part 2, p. 751.

9
‘Mr Winston Churchill, MP’,
Manchester Guardian
, 20 May 1901.

10
The following account draws on Lowell J. Satre, ‘St John Brodrick and Army Reform, 1901–1903’,
Journal of British Studies
, 15 (1976), pp. 117–39.

11
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 93, 13 May 1901, cols. 1571, 1573.

12
Ibid., col. 310.

13
See especially ‘The Problem of the Army, I: The Military Position of the Empire’,
The Times
, 21 Jan. 1903 and ‘The Problem of the Army, XI: Summary’,
The Times
, 24 Feb. 1903. The articles were originally anonymous, but Amery subsequently published them under his own name as
The Problem of the Army
(1903). See also WSC to Leo Amery, 10 Jan. 1903, Leo Amery Papers, 2/1/31.

14
Lord George Hamilton to Lord Curzon, 25 April 1901, quoted in Satre, ‘St John Brodrick’, p. 123.

15
‘The Earl of Rosebery’,
Manchester Guardian
, 24 Feb. 1902.

16
WSC to Lord Rosebery, 10 Oct. 1902, CV II, part 1, p. 168.

17
‘Mr Chamberlain in Birmingham’,
The Times
, 16 May 1903.

18
Speech of 21 May 1903.

19
WSC to John St Loe Strachey, 23 May 1902, John St Loe Strachey Papers, STR/4/10.

20
Leone George Chiozza (later Leo Chiozza Money),
British Trade and the Zollverein Issue
, The Commercial Intelligence Publishing Co., London, 1902, esp. p. 65. For Money’s influence on Churchill, and for the subsequent development of the latter’s thinking, see Richard Toye,
Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness
, Macmillan, London, 2007, pp. 27–9.

21
Speech of 11 Nov. 1903.

22
Speech of 7 May 1907 in WSC,
Mr Brodrick’s Army and Other Early Speeches
, CW, vol. VII, pp. 168, 171, 173.

23
This echoed a comment made by Rosebery in 1897, although on one occasion Churchill incorrectly attributed it to Chamberlain in his pre-tariff reform days. Ibid., pp. 181, 378; ‘Lord Rosebery on Free Trade’,
The Times
, 2 Nov. 1897.

24
WSC to Strachey, 4 June 1903, Strachey Papers, STR/4/10.

25
‘The Tory Split in Oldham’,
Oldham Evening Chronicle
, 26 Nov. 1903, Broadwater Collection.

26
WSC,
The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War
[first published by Longmans, Green & Co., 1898], CW, vol. II, p. 183.

27
Review by WSC of Seebohm Rowntree,
Poverty: A Study of Town Life
(1901), CV II, part 1, p. 111.

28
WSC to J. Moore Bayley, 23 Dec. 1901, ibid., p. 104.

29
Although in 1900 Churchill had spoken in favour of a state pension system, and Chamberlain had given clear hints that something might be done, nothing happened. See John Hulme, ‘Winston Churchill, MP: A Study and . . . a Story’,
Temple Magazine
, 5 (Jan. 1901), pp. 291–6.

30
‘In Angel Meadow’,
Manchester Guardian
, 8 Jan. 1906; reproduced in Randolph Churchill,
Winston S. Churchill
, vol. II:
Young Statesman, 1901–1914
, Heinemann, London, 1967, pp. 123–4.

31
Toye,
Lloyd George and Churchill
, p. 36.

32
J. E. C. Welldon to WSC, 13 Dec. 1905, CV II, part 1, p. 414.

33
W. L. Mackenzie King diary, 17 Dec. 1905.

34
See ‘Churchill’s Appointment Unpopular’,
Wanganui Herald
, 18 Dec. 1905.

35
Edward Marsh,
A Number of People: A Book of Reminiscences
, London, William Heinemann, 1939, p. 50.

36
Ronald Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill at the Colonial Office, 1905–1908: The Watershed of the Empire-Commonwealth
, Macmillan, London, 1968, pp. 7–35.

37
WSC,
Story of the Malakand Field Force
, p. 51.

38
Marsh,
A Number of People
, p. 150.

39
Flora Lugard to Frederick Lugard, 20 March 1906, quoted in Margery Perham,
Lugard: The Years of Authority, 1898–1945
, Collins, London, 1960, p. 269.

40
Sir Harry Verney, ‘Liberal Minister’, undated extract from the
Harrovian
(c. 1965), in Violet Bonham Carter Papers, MS 297.

41
Lord Elgin to Lady Elgin, 16 June 1907, quoted in R. Hyam, ‘Bruce, Victor Alexander, Ninth Earl of Elgin and Thirteenth Earl of Kincardine (1849–1917)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, Sept. 2004; online edition, Jan. 2008.

42
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 66–9.

43
WSC to Lord Selborne, 17 March 1906, in Boyce,
Crisis of British Power
, p. 254.

44
WSC to Joseph Chamberlain, 26 Feb. 1906 and Chamberlain to WSC, 1 March 1906, CV II, part 1, pp. 432–3.

45
‘Mr Churchill’,
Manchester Guardian
, 12 Jan. 1906. For the slogans, see ‘Manchester’,
Manchester Guardian
, 2 Jan. 1906.

46
WSC to the Electors of North-West Manchester, 1 Jan. 1906, CV II, part 1, p. 423; Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 77, n. 5.

47
Speech of 22 Feb. 1906.

48
Liverpool Daily Courier
, 7 March 1906, Broadwater Collection.

49
Speech of 9 Jan. 1906.

50
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 76–7.