Black Fire (46 page)

Muscatine, Doris.
Old San Francisco, the Biography of a City from Early Days to the Earthquake
. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975.

Myrick, David F.
San Francisco’s Telegraph Hill
. Berkeley: Howell-North Books, 1972.

Neville, Amelia Ransome.
The Fantastic City
. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1932.

Newell, Gordon.
Paddlewheel Pirate
. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1959. (A biography of Captain Ned Wakeman that includes Ben Lewis’s arrest.)

O’Brien, Robert.
This Is San Francisco
. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1948. (Quote about the opening of the Fifth and Mission streets U. S. Mint across from the original Tom Sawyer’s Saloon is on p. 273.)

Paine, Albert Bigelow, Introduction to
What Is Man? And Other Essays by Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Vol. 26 of The Writings of Twain
, with the assistance of Mary Jane Jones.
The Works of Twain
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1923.

Quinn, Arthur.
The Rivals
. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994. (Excellent book on Broderick and his courage. It is one of my favorites and a tremendous source.)

Rasmussen, Louis J.
San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists
. Volumes 1, 2, 4. San Francisco.

Rathmell, George.
Realms of Gold
. Berkeley: Creative Arts Book Company, 1998.

Richards, Rand.
Historic San Francisco
. San Francisco: Heritage House Publishers, 1991. (Twain met “a fireman named Tom Sawyer,” p. 342.)

Riesenberg, Felix, Jr.
Golden Gate
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940.

Royce, Josiah.
California
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948. (Details the burning of the
Alta
office and the sinking of the
Independence
.)

Russ, Carolyn Hale, editor.
The Log of a Forty-Niner
(edited from the original manuscript). Boston, MA: B. J. Brimmer Company, 1923.

San Francisco Fire Department.
History of the Fire Department
. San Francisco: Press of Commercial Publishers Co., 1900.

San Francisco Fire Department,
Historical Review. Part II, the Paid Department
, December 3, 1866. (Tom Sawyer, paid corporation yard keeper, December 3, 1866.)

Sanborn, Margaret.
Mark Twain: The Batchelor Years
. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing, 1990. (Tells the story of Mark Twain and Lillie Hitchcock, p. 244. Relates Twain’s dream about his brother Henry in his casket, pp. 124–29.)

Schultz, Charles R.
Forty-Niners ’Round the Horn
. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1999.

Scott, Mel.
The San Francisco Bay Area
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.

Secrest, William B.
California Badmen
. Sanger, CA: Word Dancer Press, 2007. (Includes Yankee Sullivan’s and Billy Mulligan’s biographies.)

Senkewicz, Robert M.
Vigilantes in Gold Rush San Francisco
. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Soule, Frank, John H. Gihon, and James Nisbet.
The Annals of San Francisco: A Complete History of All the Important Events Connected with Its Great City
. San Francisco: Appleton & Co., 1854. (Mentions children who ran with the fire engines, p. 244.)

Stellman, Louis J.
Sam Brannan, Builder of San Francisco
. Fairfield, CA: James Stevenson Publisher, 1996.

Stewart, George R.
Committee of Vigilance
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1964.

Tapper, Bernard, editor.
Mark Twain’s San Francisco
. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1963. (“Over the Mountains,” pp. 3–6; “Earthquake Almanac,” pp. 124–28; “Mark Twain’s Farewell,” pp. 261–63.)

Thomas, Lately.
Between Two Empires
. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1969.

Time-Life editors.
The Forty-Niners
. New York: Time Inc., 1974.

Twain, Mark.
Autobiography of Mark Twain
. Vol. 1. Edited by Harriet Elinor Smith. Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

———.
Mississippi Writings
. Guy Cardwell, editor. New York: Library of America, 1982. (
Life on the Mississippi
. Chapter 22, “A Catastrophe.” Twain’s brother Henry and a fatal steamboat explosion.)

———.
The Innocents Abroad & Roughing It
. Guy Cardwell, editor. New York: Library of America, 1984. (
Roughing It
, Chapter LIX: “I slunk from back street to back street. I slunk away from approaching faces that looked familiar, I sluck to my meals … I felt meaner and lowlier and more despicable than the worms.”)

———.
Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, and Essays. Vol. 1: 1852–1890
. Lewis Budd, editor. New York: Library of America, 1992.

———.
Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, and Essays. Vol. 2: 1891–1910
. Lewis Budd, editor. New York: Library of America, 1992.

Utley, Robert M.
Lone Star Justice
. New York: Berkley Books, 2003.

Walkins, T.H., and R.R. Olmsted.
Mirror of the Dream: An Illustrated History
of
San Francisco
. San Francisco: Scrimshaw Press, 1976.

Williams, Mary Floyd.
History of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1851
. Herbert Botton, editor. Vol. 12. (Lists minutes of the Executive Committee for July 21, 1851, and comments by George E. Schenck on the fate of Ben Lewis.)

Newspapers and Periodicals

“Parker House, City Intelligence.”
Daily Alta California
, May 4, 1851.

“Terrible Conflagration! Loss About $5,000,000.”
Daily Alta California
, May 4, 1851.

“The Conflagration.”
Daily Alta California
, May 5, 1851.

“Reflections after the Event.”
Daily Alta California
, May 6, 1851.

“The Spirit of Lynch Law.”
Daily Alta California
, June 4, 1851. (Mentions Ben Lewis.)

“Another Conflagration!! Ten Squares Burned. Loss Three Millions of Dollars!!”
Daily Alta California
, June 23, 1851.

“The effects of the Conflagration.”
Daily Alta California
, June 24, 1851.

“Dinner to Captain Wakeman.”
Daily Alta California
, July 27, 1851.

“Resignation of Captain Wakeman.”
Daily Alta California
, October 5, 1851.

“The Wakeman Testimonial.”
Daily Alta California
, March 9, 1853.

“Natchez.”
Sacramento Daily Union
, September 6, 1856, vol. 11, no. 1700.

“Natchez reports theft.”
Sacramento Daily Union
, February 19, 1857, vol. 12, no. 1841.

“My Brother, Henry Clemens …”
Memphis Eagle and Enquirer
, June 16, 1858.

“Natchez the Pistol Man.”
Sacramento Daily Union
, September 25, 1858, vol. 16, no. 2339.

“David C. Broderick Biography.”
Sacramento Daily Union
, September 17, 1859, vol. 17, no. 2644.

“Death of Senator Broderick.”
Sacramento Daily Union
, September 19, 1859, vol. 18, no. 2645.

Brady, Matthew. “The Torch Boys,” October 29, 1990.
San Francisco Independent
column “The Old Town,” p. 20.

Mark Twain columns in the
San Francisco Daily Morning Call:
“A Trip to the Cliff House,” June 25, 1864; “Police Court,” July 12, 1864; “The County Prison,” July 17, 1864; “The Police Court Besieged,” July 22, 1864; “Fire at Hayes Valley,” August 18, 1864.

Mark Twain: “Terrible Calamity, Explosion of the Steamer Washoe’s Boilers. One Hundred Wounded,”
San Francisco Daily Morning Call
, September 7, 1864.

“Thomas Sawyer was run over by a hook and ladder truck and seriously injured.”
San Francisco Call
, April 23, 1869.

“The Coyote Hill Duel,” reporter James O’Meara’s eyewitness account of Billy Mulligan and Jimmy Douglass’s shoot-out.
San Francisco Call
, December 25, 1881.

Moulder, A. J. “Broderick’s Moral Courage.”
Argonaut 3
, no. 24 (1878): 9–12. “Worked the Brakes, Some of the Old Boys Who Ran With ‘the Machine’ in Days Long Ago.”
San Francisco Call
, January 3, 1888. (Includes drawing of Tom Sawyer in fire helmet as the first vice president.)

“Tom Sawyer organizes a society for passage of bill to make the City Force a metropolitan one with a fully paid force.”
San Francisco Call
, October 13, 1890.

“Tom Sawyer described as over 60 years old, hale and hardy, hails from New York.”
San Francisco Call
, September 16, 1890.

“Sawyer comes to aid of recently discharged fireman.”
San Francisco Call
, October 13, 1890, vol. 67, no. 135.

“Discharged Firemen. Tom Sawyer was not in a position to lose by the new movement.”
Daily Alta California
, October 17, 1890, vol. 83, no. 109.

“The History of a Pistol.”
Daily Alta California
, April 21, 1891, vol. 84, no. 111.

“Among Firemen. Tom Sawyer seeks job of Fire Commissioner.”
San Francisco Call
, August 17, 1891, vol. 70, no. 78. (Includes ink drawing of Chief Scannell.)

“Old-Time Firemen, Pioneer Firefighters Meeting, Tom Sawyer, corporation-yard keeper.”
San Francisco Call
, August 31, 1891, vol. 70, no. 92.

“Veteran Firemen Association.”
San Francisco Call
, September 16, 1891.

“Supervisors petitioned to make Sawyer Fire Commissioner.”
San Francisco Call
, November 8, 1891.

“Our Firemen. Tom Sawyer sings. Celebrates Tom Sawyer’s Birthday.”
San Francisco Call
, January 2, 1892, vol. 71, no. 32.

“Vet’s Election.”
San Francisco Call
, January 18, 1892, vol. 71, no. 49. (Tom Sawyer, Jr., the ex-secretary speaks.)

“The Veteran Firemen’s Association of California,”
Sacramento Daily Union
, September 20, 1893, vol. 86, no. 26.