Authors: Charles W. Hoge M.D.
Jakupcak, M., D. Conybeare, L. Phelps, S. Hunt, H. A. Holmes, B. Felker,
M. Klevens, and M. E. McFall. "Anger, hostility, and aggression
among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans reporting PTSD and
subthreshold PTSD." Journal of Traumatic Stress 2007; 20: 945-54.
Sayers, S. L., V. A. Farrow, J. Ross, and D. W. Oslin. "Family problems
among recently returned military veterans referred for a mental
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KEY DOD REPORTS
Bray, R. M., L. L. Hourani, and K. L. R. Olmstead, et al. 2005 Department
of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors Among Active
Duty Military Personnel, RTI International, 2006. (This survey is
conducted every three years.)
Department of the Army Field Manual FM 6-22.5. Combat and
operational stress control manual for leaders and soldiers, March
18, 2009. Recently revised field manual based in part on extensive
research conducted during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health: An achievable
vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental
Health. Defense Health Board, Falls Church, VA, 2007.
Deployment Health Clinical Center web site, www.pdhealth.mil. This
is one of the best sources of information for DoD reports, clinical
practice guidelines, education material, and policies related to PTSD,
mTBI, and postwar health concerns.
Mental Health Advisory Team (MHAT) Reports. A series of reports
involving soldiers and marines deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan since
the beginning of the wars. Methods involved surveys, focus groups,
and assessments of combat stress care conducted by researchers from Walter Reed Army Institute of Research as part of Land Combat Study.
Available at www.armymedicine.army.mil (reports link).
CONCUSSION/MILD TBI
Belanger, H. G., T. Kretzmer, R. Yoash-Gantz, T. Pickett, and L. A. Tupler.
"Cognitive sequelae of blast-related versus other mechanisms of brain
trauma." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2009;
15: 1-8.
Boake, C., S. R. McCauley, and H. S. Levin, et al. "Diagnostic criteria for
post-concussional syndrome after mild to moderate traumatic brain
injury." TheJournal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2005;
17: 350-56.2.
Boake, C., S. R. McCauley, and H. S. Levin, et al. "Limited agreement
between criteria-based diagnoses of post-concussional syndrome." The
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2004; 16: 493-99.
Borg, J., L. Holm, P. M. Peloso, J. D. Cassidy, L. J. Carroll, H. von Holst,
C. Paniak, and D. Yates. "Non-surgical intervention and cost for mild
traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre
Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation
Medicine 2004; 43: 76-83.
Bryant, R. A. "Disentangling mild traumatic brain injury and stress
reactions." New England Journal of Medicine 2008; 358: 525-27.
Carroll, L. J., J. D. Cassidy, P. M. Peloso,J. Borg, H. von Holst, L. Holm,
C. Paniak, and M. Pepin. "Prognosis for mild traumatic brain injury:
Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force for mild traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2004; 43: 84-105.
Fear, N. T., E. Jones, M. Groom, N. Greenberg, L. Hull, T. J. Hodgetts,
and S. Wessely. "Symptoms of post-concussional syndrome are nonspecifically related to mild traumatic brain injury in UK Armed
Forces personnel on return from deployment in Iraq: An analysis of
self-reported data." Psychological Medicine 2008; 23: 1-9.
Ferguson, R. J., W. Mittenberg, D. F. Barone, and B. Schneider.
"Post-concussion syndrome following sports-related head injury:
Expectation as etiology." Neuropsychology 1999; 13: 582-89.
Hoge, C. W. "Screening for mild TBI in returning U.S. troops: Invalid
results [Letter]." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2009; 24: 299.
Hoge, C. W., H. M. Goldberg, and C. A. Castro. "Care of veterans with
mild traumatic brain injury: Flawed perspectives." New England
Journal of Medicine 2009; 360: 1588-9 1.
Hoge, C. W., D. McGurk, J. Thomas, A. Cox, C. C. Engel, and C. A.
Castro. "Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from
Iraq." New England Journal of Medicine 2008; 358: 453-63.
Iverson, G. L., M. Gaetz, R. T. Lange, and N. D. Zasler. "Mild TBI," in:
Zasler, N. D., D. I. Katz, and R. D. Zafonte, eds. Brain Injury Medicine:
Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing LLC,
2007, 333-71.
Iverson, G. L., N. D. Zasler, and R. T. Lange. "Post-concussive dissorder,"
in: Zasler, N. D., D. I. Katz, and R. D. Zafonte, eds. Brain Injury
Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing
LLC, 2007, 373-403.
Kashluba, S., J. E. Casey, and C. Paniak. "Evaluating the utility of the ICD-
10 diagnostic criteria for post-concussion syndrome following mild
traumatic brain injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological
Society 2006; 12: 111-18.
Landre, N., C.J. Poppe, N. Davis, B. Schmaus, and S. E. Hobbs.
"Cognitive functioning and post-concussive symptoms in
trauma patients with and without mild TBI." Archives of Clinical
Neuropsychology 2006; 21: 255-73.
Marx, B. P., K Brailey, and S. Proctor, et al. "Association of time since
deployment, combat intensity, and post-traumatic stress symptoms
with neuropsychological outcomes following Iraq War deployment."
Archives of General Psychiatry 2009; 66: 996-1004.
McCrea, M. A. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Meares, S., E. A. Shores, and A. J. Taylor, et al. "Mild traumatic brain
injury does not predict acute post-concussion syndrome."Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2008; 79: 300-306.
Mickeviciene, D., H. Schrader, D. Obelieniene, D. Surkiene, R. Kunickas,
L.J. Stovner, and T. Sand. "A controlled prospective inception cohort
study on the post-concussion syndrome outside the medicolegal
context." European Journal of Neurology 2004; 11: 411-19.
Mittenberg, W., G. Tremont, R. E. Zielinski, S. Fichera, and K. R. Rayls.
"Cognitive-behavioral prevention of post-concussion syndrome."
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1996; 11: 139-45.
Ponsford,J., C. Willmott, A. Rothwell, P. Cameron, A. M. Kelly, R. Nelms,
and C. Curran. "Impact of early intervention on outcome following
mild head injury in adults."Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &
Psychiatry 2002; 73: 330-32.
Schneiderman, A. I., E. R. Braver, and H. K. Kang. "Understanding the
sequelae of injury mechanisms and mild traumatic brain injury
incurred during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: Persistent
post-concussive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder."
American Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 167: 1446-52.
Suhr,J. A., and J. Gunstad. "'Diagnosis threat': The effect of negative
expectations on cognitive performance in head injury." Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2002; 24: 448-57.
Suhr,J. A., and J. Gunstad. "Further exploration of the effect of
`diagnosis threat' on cognitive performance in individuals with mild
head injury" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2005;
11: 23-29.
Wang, Y., R. C. K. Chan, and Y. Deng. "Examination of post-concussionlike symptoms in healthy university students: Relationships to
subjective and objective neuropsychological function performance."
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2006; 21: 339-47.
Whittaker, R., S. Kemp, and A. House. "Illness perceptions and outcome
in mild head injury: A longitudinal study." Journal of Neurology,
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Wilk, J. E., J. L. Thomas, D. M. McGurk, L. A. Riviere, C. A. Castro,
and C. W. Hoge. "Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) during
combat: Lack of association of blast mechanism with persistent postconcussive symptoms." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2010.
POSTWAR PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, AND BEHAVIORAL
SYNDROMES-GENERAL
Donta, S. T., D. J. Clauw, and C. C. Engel, Jr., et al. "Cognitive behavioral
therapy and aerobic exercise for Gulf War veterans' illnesses: A
randomized controlled trial." JAMA 2003; 289: 1396-1404.
Engel, C. C., and W.J. Katon. "Population and need-based prevention of
unexplained symptoms in the community," in: Institute of Medicine,
Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces: Medical
Surveillance, Record Keeping, and Risk Reduction. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press, 1999, pp. 173-212.
Hunt, S. C., R. D. Richardson, and C. C. Engel, Jr. "Clinical management
of Gulf War veterans with medically unexplained physical symptoms."
Military Medicine 2002; 167: 414-20.
Hyams, K. C., F. S. Wignall, and R. Roswell. "War syndromes and their
evaluation: From the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War." Annals
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Jones, E., N. T. Fear, and S. Wessely. "Shell shock and mild traumatic
brain injury: A historical review." American Journal of Psychiatry 2007;
164: 1641-45.
Jones, E., R. Hodgins-Vermaas, and H. McCartney, et al. "Post-combat
syndromes from the Boer War to the Gulf War: A cluster analysis of
their nature and attribution." BMJ2002; 324: 1-5.
Office of Quality and Performance and the Veterans Affairs and
Department of Defense Development Work Group, Veterans
Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs. Clinical
practice guideline for post-deployment health evaluation and management.
Washington, DC, February 2001, OQP publication 1OQ CPG/PDH-01.
PTSD AND PHYSICAL HEALTH (NEUROBIOLOGY,
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, COEXISTENCE WITH PHYSICAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS, AND TREATMENT)
Boscarino, J. A. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and mortality among U.S.
Army veterans 30 years after military service." Annals of Epidemiology
2006;16:248-56.
Boscarino, J. A. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and physical illness:
Results from clinical and epidemiological studies." Annals of the New
York Academy of Sciences 2004; 1032: 141-53.