Anzac's Dirty Dozen (46 page)

Peter Stanley

  
1
  This account of the Henderson Smith family's troubles is taken from my
Digger Smith and Australia's Great War
, Murdoch Books/Pier 9, Sydney, 2011.

  
2
  P. Knightly,
Australia: A Biography of a Nation
, 2000. Note Knightly is here merely reflecting a widespread belief.

  
3
  ‘Houston to head Gallipoli centenary',
Channel Nine News
, 6 July 2011, <
news.ninemsn.com.au/national/8269764/houston-to-head-gallipoli-centenary
>, (assessed 22 July 2011); the Barr quote is from ‘Anzac travellers gathering to mark a nation's pride',
The Age
, 25 April 2010.

  
4
  M. McKenna, ‘Anzac Day: How did it become Australia's national day?', in M. Lake & H. Reynolds,
What's Wrong with Anzac Day?
, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2010, p. 111.

  
5
  M. Lake, ‘How children learn about Anzac', in Lake & Reynolds,
What's
Wrong with Anzac Day?
, p. 155.

  
6
  Charles Bean,
Anzac to Amiens
, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1946, p. 264.

  
7
  Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Road fatalities and fatality rates',
Year Book Australia 2001
, <
www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Previousproducts/1301.0
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

  
8
  Department of Transport and Infrastructure, ‘Annual road crash casualties and rates from 1925 to 2005', <
www.infrastructure.gov.au/roads/safety/publications/2008/1925_
05_casulaties.aspx
>, (assessed 22 July 2011); G. Long,
The Final Campaigns
, Canberra, Australian War Memorial, 1963, p. 633.

  
9
  W. Vamplew (ed.),
Australians: A Historical Library ~
Historical Statistics
, Fairfax, Syme &Weldon, Sydney, 1987, p. 57.

10
  Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Mortality and morbidity: Suicide, 4102.0 Australian Social Trends, 2000', <
www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

11
  Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Drug-induced deaths, Australia 1991–2001', <
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/3321.0.55.001
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

12
  These rounded figures are taken from the Wikipedia entry ‘List of disasters in Australia by death toll', <
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_Australia_by_death_toll
>, (assessed 22 July 2011). As they include only incidents killing more than ten people, they represent a slight under-counting.

13
  The exceptions are the periods when men were conscripted to serve overseas in wartime, in the Militia 1942–1945 and to a limited degree, given the choice of National Servicemen to serve in Australia or deploying to Vietnam, in south-east Asia 1963–1972. All other active service in wartime has been nominally voluntary, although regular Defence Force personnel have no choice over commitment to any given deployment, and as John Connor argues in Chapter 2, volunteers in the Great War also faced various social pressures to do so.

14
  McKenna, ‘Anzac Day: How did it become Australia's national day?', p. 128

15
  B. Webb, ‘The legend of the Anzac',
History Essays from the Keyboard of Bradley
Kenneth Webb
, <
www.ncs.net.au/history/essay_01.html
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

16
  This idea, proposed for the Australian War Memorial's Roll of Honour, was abandoned in the 1950s when it became apparent that it was impossible to simply allocate war dead to communities. Many had either no or multiple associations with particular places. In that the same records exist, it remains impossible to associate war dead with particular communities with any reliability.

17
  Memorial(s) Development Committee, ‘National WWI and WW2 memorial design brochure', <
www.mdc.org.au/MDC_Brochure.pdf
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

18
  Lake War Memorials Forum, ‘Report of 21 October stakeholder workshop', <
www.lakewarmemorialsforum.org/docs/War-memorials-workshop-record.html
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

19
  C. Badelow to P. Stanley, 11 February 2011, in the possession of the author.

20
  Lake War Memorials Forum, ‘Opinions we have already received', <
www.lakewarmemorialsforum.org/forum.jsp?ShowOpinions
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

21
  
Canberra Times
, 1 and 26 March 2011.

22
  S. Gower, ‘Reflections',
Wartime
, 53, 2011.

23
  
How Australia May Commemorate the Anzac Centenary:
Report of the Centenary of Anzac Commission
, Canberra, 2011, p. 69, <
www.anzaccentenary.gov.au/subs/2010/reports/anzac_
centenary_report.pdf
>, (assessed 22 July 2011).

24
  P. Kelly, ‘The next Anzac century',
The Australian
, 23 April 2011.

Epilogue

  
1
  C.E.W. Bean,
The A.I.F. in France: May 1918–The Armistice
, vol. 7, University of Queensland Press/Australian War Memorial, Brisbane, 1983, p. 1096.

INDEX

1
^st
Australia Corps
61
,
145
,
147
,
150
,
153

1 Corps Tactical Zone
187

1st (Anzac) Wireless Signal Squadron
61

1st Australian Division
46
–
47
,
56

1st Australian Field Regiment
67

1st Australian Psychological Operations Unit
194

1st Australian Task Force
186

1st Battalion Royal Canadian 22e Regiment
228
–
229

1st South African Infantry Brigade
37
–
40

2
^nd
Australia Corps
147

2/2nd Australian Battalion
131

2/11th Australian Battalion
131

2nd Australian Battalion
57
–
58

2nd Australian Imperial Force
75
–
76
,
79
–
80
,
82

2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
67
–
68

2nd New Zealand Division
61

3 Corps Tactical Zone
187

3rd Australian Battalion
126
–
128

3rd Australian Division
147

3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
65
–
66

4th (Anzac) Battalion
60

5th Australian Battalion
134

5th Australian Division
147
,
149

5th Light Horse Brigade
60

6th Australian Division
146
–
147
,
155

6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
67
,
189

6th Division, 2nd AIF
79
–
80
,
82

7th Australian Brigade
47
–
48

7th Australian Division
62
,
158
–
161

8th Australian Brigade
147

8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
207
–
208

‘9/11' attacks, failure to foresee
243
–
244

9th Australian Division
62
,
159
–
160

10th British (Irish) Division
39
–
40

10th US Mounted Division
229

11th US Signals Brigade
217

16th British (Irish) Division
40

16th New Zealand Field Artillery Regiment
65

22nd Australian Battalion
121

26th Australian Brigade
160

27th Australian Battalion
125

27th British Commonwealth Infantry Brigade
65

36th British (Ulster) Division
40

42nd Australian Battalion
129
–
130

46th British (North Midland) Division
48

82nd US Airborne Division
229

161st New Zealand Field Battery
67
–
68

275th Viet Cong Regiment
189
–
190

A Military History of Australia
38

Abbott, Tony
114

ABDA Command
62

Aboriginal Australians
13
–
18
,
31

Abrams, General Creighton
199
–
200

Adam-Smith, Patsy
37
,
106

Afghanistan War
7
,
136

atrocities charges
113
–
114

Australian involvement
96

casualties in
226

illegality of
256
–
257

troops committed to
226
–
231

US military achievements
248

Age, The
135
–
136

air combat, atrocities committed in
131
–
132

Aitape, New Guinea
147
–
148
,
157

AK47 rifle
187
,
202
–
205
,
208

Alamein campaign
131
,
138

al-Anbar province, Iraq
219
–
220

al-Asad air base
221

alliances, results of
48
–
99
,
237
–
239
see
also
New Zealand; United Kingdom; United States

Allied Intelligence Centre, Brisbane
108

al-Muthanna province, Iraq
224
–
225

Al-Qaeda
248

ambushes, in Vietnam
196
–
197
,
199
–
200

‘Anzac Airlines'
69

‘ANZAC area'
62

‘Anzac bridge'
70

Anzac Centenary Advisory Board
261

Anzac Centenary Commission
276
–
277
,
284

Anzac Day

Anglo-Celtic dominance of
100
–
101

as national day
286

broadening scope of
273

commodification of
275
–
276

marches during
291

national character and
9

symbolic value of
264

women and
5

Anzac Force
62

Anzac Frigate project
69

‘Anzac' legends
287
,
290

Anzac Pact
63

‘Anzacs', original
see
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps; Gallipoli landing

Anzacs, The
37

ANZUS alliance
63
,
235
–
259
see also
New Zealand; United States

Arming America: How the US Buys
Weapons
251

armoured personnel carriers
189
–
190

Army of the Republic of Vietnam
196

artillery use

by North Korean troops
182
–
183

in Vietnam War
189
–
191

learning in World War
I
47
–
48

New Zealand specialises in
65
,
67

women refused permission
108

Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis
56
–
57

Asian Alternatives
93

atrocities

by Australian troops
112
–
137

‘by proxy'
257

Audit Office report (US)
242

Australia
see also
Anzac Day; Australian military personnel; exceptionalist claims

centrality of war in history of
260
–
286

declares war on Italy
85

early military activity
11
–
34

economic crises in
45
–
46

‘fair play' in war
112
–
137

gender stereotypes in
109

industrial relations policies
108

military alliances
73
–
99
,
238
–
239

military commitment by
7

military relations with New Zealand
48
–
72

myth of disproportionate strength
210
–
234

‘national pride'
265

war in history of
8
–
9

wartime economy
109
–
110

wartime manpower
143
–
145

Australia
,
HMAS
151

Australia Day
138
,
264
–
265

‘Australia Remembers' year
264

Australia Station, Royal Navy
28

Australian Administrative Headquarters (UK)
121
–
123

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
56
,
60

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
60

Australian Bureau of Statistics
267
,
269

Australian Feminism: A Companion
102

Australian High Commissioner in London
54

Australian Imperial Force

all-volunteer status not unique
3
–
4
,
35
–
50

casualties
265
–
266