“But the company was still numerous . . . burden of the Union”: Benton,
Thirty Years’ View
, 1:148.
“The submission, you will perceive . . . to your consideration”: Jackson to Calhoun, May 13, 1830,
Papers of Calhoun
, 11:159–60.
“I cannot repress the expression . . . leisure may permit”: Calhoun to Jackson, May 13, 1830, ibid., 162–63.
“However high my respect . . . my country only”: Calhoun to Jackson, May 29, 1830, ibid., 173, 187, 189.
“It must be admitted to be”: Ingham to Jackson, November 27, 1829,
CAJ
, 4:93–94.
“Whenever that subject”: Berrien to Jackson, November 27, 1829,
CAJ
, 4:95.
“The combination and coalition believed . . . presidents at will”: Jackson to Donelson, May 5, 1831,
CAJ
, 4:277.
“How little do they know me”: Jackson to Coffee, April 24, 1831,
CAJ
, 4:269.
“I have changed my cabinet . . . What a contrast!!”: Jackson to Coffee, May 13, 1831,
CAJ
, 4:281.
“The first intimation I have received . . . religion are incompatible”: Jackson to William Conway, April 4, 1831,
CAJ
, 4:256.
“Whilst I concur with the synod . . . their own consideration”: Jackson to the Synod of the Reformed Church, June 12, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:447.
“His whole physical system . . . a confirmed dropsy”: Lewis attachment (from some indefinite later time) to Jackson to John Overton, December 31, 1829,
CAJ
, 4:109.
“I cannot yet determine . . . clear and fine”: Jackson to Andrew Donelson, August 22, 1829,
CAJ
, 4:66.
“white Valencia vest . . . Virginia drawers”: Statements from Tucker & Thompson, January 3 and December 22, 1831,
CAJ
, 4:221, 388.
“This year, with the bad season . . . part with her”: Jackson to Chester, November 7, 1830,
CAJ
, 4:198–99.
“Have your hogs put up early . . . average 200 round”: Jackson to Andrew Jackson Jr., October 21, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:482–83.
“Knowing the merit of his blood . . . and turf horse”: Jackson to Cryer, January 10, 1830,
CAJ
, 4:117.
“I was truly mortified . . . gallop on it”: Jackson to Andrew Jackson Jr., May 13, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:438.
36. A
TTACK AND
C
OUNTERATTACK
“The majority is always right”: Undated entry, Tocqueville,
Journey
, 58–59.
“Several men came . . . new privileges”: Entry for November 3, 1831, ibid., 82–84.
“I can believe that you find it difficult . . . not over its principles”: Entry for November 18, 1831, ibid., 87–88.
“The Federalists, feeling themselves defeated . . . like everything else”: Tocqueville,
Democracy
, 176–78.
“the violence of party . . . intercourse of society”: Biddle to Monroe, July 6, 1807,
Correspondence of Biddle
, 3–4.
“The Bank is of vital importance . . . encounter much hostility”: Biddle to Monroe, January 31, 1819, ibid., 12.
“talent for business . . . to be collected”: Biddle to unidentified recipient (evidently another director), October 29, 1822, ibid., 26–28.
“I have been so anxious”: Biddle to Webster, February 16, 1826, ibid., 39.
“There is no one principle . . . only a bank”: Biddle to Samuel Smith, December 29, 1828, ibid., 62–63.
“They should be treated”: Biddle to Alexander Hamilton, December 12, 1829, ibid., 91.
“I think it right . . . afraid of banks”: Memorandum by Biddle, undated (between October 1829 and January 1830), ibid., 93.
“As such it is far less dangerous”: Biddle to Smith, January 2, 1830, ibid., 94.
“What would he do with it? . . . United States hereafter?”: Clay to Biddle, September 11, 1830,
Papers of Clay
, 8:263–64.
“inexpedient to apply at present”: Biddle to Clay, November 3, 1830,
Correspondence of Biddle
, 115.
Jackson’s annual message of December 1830: Second annual message, December 6, 1830,
Compilation of Messages and Papers
, 3:1091–92.
“In respect of General Jackson . . . than they are”: Biddle to Mr. Robinson, December 20, 1830,
Correspondence of Biddle
, 122.
“It is obvious that a great effort . . . might be misconstrued”: Biddle to William Lawrence, February 8, 1831, ibid., 123–24.
“The President is now perfectly confident . . . dared to do it”: Biddle memorandum, October 19, 1831, ibid., 131.
“Have you come to any decision . . . would be different”: Clay to Biddle, December 15, 1831,
Papers of Clay
, 8:432–33.
“great and beneficent institution”: Statement by National Republican convention, no date given, Parton, 3:395.
“The result of all these conversations . . . for the bank”: Webster to Biddle, December 18, 1831,
Correspondence of Biddle
, 145–46.
“We have determined on applying . . . of a great country”: Biddle to Smith, January 4, 1832, ibid., 161–64.
“I cannot but think . . . success next session”: Webster to Biddle, January 8, 1832, ibid., 169.
“Mr. Adams told me”: John Connell to Biddle, January 10, 1832, ibid., 169–70.
“The present is a crisis”: Biddle to Charles Ingersoll, February 6, 1832, ibid., 174.
“We set to work to disenchant the country”: Biddle to Ingersoll, February 11, 1832, ibid., 179–80. Though Biddle was writing to a friend, he crossed out these remarks before sending the letter. They remained legible, though.
“If the bill passes”: ibid., 181.
“I believe my retainer . . . the usual retainers”: Webster to Biddle, December 21, 1833, ibid., 218.
“A disordered currency is one . . . a guinea again’”: Webster speech to Senate, no date given, excerpted in Benton,
Thirty Years’ View
, 1:244.
“They lead to the
abduction
. . . come of himself!”: Benton speech to Senate, January 20, 1832,
Register of Debates
, 22nd Congress, 1st session, Senate, 139–41.
“Now I do not mean to say”: Taney quoted in Schlesinger, 87n.
“A bank of the United States . . . an unqualified blessing”: Jackson veto message to Congress, July 10, 1832,
Compilation of Messages and Papers
, 3:1139, 1143–47, 1153.
37. O
R
D
IE WITH THE
U
NION
Henry Clay called the veto a vestige: Clay speech to Senate, no date given, Benton,
Thirty Years’ View
, 1:255.
“fearful and appalling aspect . . . poor against the rich”: Webster speech to Senate, July 11, 1832,
Register of Debates
, 22nd Congress, 1st session, Senate, 1240.
“A more deranging, radical . . . but little further”: Portland, Maine,
Daily Advertiser
, reprinted in Washington
National Intelligencer
, August 9, 1832, in Taylor, 33.
Niles’ Register
reported:
Niles’ Register
, no date given, excerpted in Benton, 1:281.
“wantonly trampled upon . . . national calamity”: Resolutions adopted by Philadelphia public meeting, July 16, 1832,
Niles’ Register
, July 21, 1832, in Taylor, 30–32.
“It diffuses universal joy”: Randolph to Jackson, July 15, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:462.
“The veto works well . . . of prostrating me”: Jackson to Lewis, August 18, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:467.
“It was nearly a mile long . . . or nine groans”: M. Chevalier in Parton, 3:424–25.
“inconsistent with the longer continuance”: South Carolina ordinance of nullification, November 24, 1832, quoted in Freehling, 263.
“The impression on the minds . . . of the Union”: Poinsett to Jackson, October 16, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:481–82.
“They are to defend them to the last extremity”: Jackson to Cass, October 29, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:483.
“You will observe . . . surrounds the forts”: Jackson to Breathitt, November 7, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:484–85.
“many violent Nullifiers . . . blood is shed”: Poinsett to Jackson, November 16, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:486–87.
“In forty days . . . will be preserved”: Jackson to Poinsett, December 9, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:498.
“We must be prepared to act . . . eighteen pounders”: Jackson to Cass, December 17, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:502–03.
“Can any one of common sense . . . with the Union”: Jackson to Coffee, December 14, 1832,
CAJ
, 4:499–500.
“my native State . . . must be executed”: Jackson proclamation, December 10, 1832,
Compilation of Messages and Papers
, 3:1203–04, 1215–18.
“extraordinary defiance . . . devolved upon me”: Jackson special message to Congress, January 16, 1833, ibid., 3:1174, 1180, 1183–84, 1194.
“The only cause of wonder . . . has to apprehend”: Calhoun speech to Senate, January 16, 1833,
Papers of Calhoun
, 12:11–15. This speech was reported in the
Register of Debates
and in various newspapers. Different versions have slightly different wordings. Here some of Calhoun’s remarks that were reported in the past tense (in the fashion of news accounts) but are otherwise verbatim have been restored to the present tense in which they were delivered.
“Mr. Calhoun let off a little of his ire . . . demolish the monster”: Jackson to Poinsett, January 16, 1833,
CAJ
, 5:5–6.
“They know that I will execute . . . of his troops”: Jackson to Poinsett, January 24, 1833,
CAJ
, 5:11–12.
“Yes, I have . . . I can reach”: William Lewis quoting Jackson in Parton, 3:284–85.
“Until some act of force is committed . . . to suppress it”: Jackson to Poinsett, February 7, 1833,
CAJ
, 5:14–15.
“the preservation of the rights . . . never can be maintained”: Jackson’s second inaugural address, March 4, 1833,
Compilation of Messages and Papers
, 3:1222–24.
38. J
USTICE
M
ARSHALL FOR THE
D
EFENSE
“the steam cars”: Jackson to Andrew Jackson Jr., June 6, 1833,
CAJ
, 5:107.
“And then—what a scene! . . . eluded the mob”: Washington
National Intelligencer
, June 20, 1833, quoted in Green, 215.
“A ludicrous scene ensued”: Ibid., 216.
“Now, Doctor . . . other is tobacco”: Jackson quoted by Nicholas Trist, no date given, in Parton, 3:489.