America At War - Concise Histories Of U.S. Military Conflicts From Lexington To Afghanistan (48 page)

oil and wars, 291, 295, 317, 319, 325, 327

O’Kane, Richard, 227

Okinawa, Japan, 228–229, 230

Omaha Beach, 205, 206–207

Oman, 295

Operation Barbarossa, 182

Operation Cedar Falls, 271–272

Operation Cobra, 320

Operation Cobra II, 320, 321

Operation Coronet, 230

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), 319.
See also
Iraq, Iraq War (2003-2011)

Operation Junction City, 271–272

Operation Olympic, 230

Operation Overlord, 200–207

Operation
Paukenschlag
“The Happy Times,” 196

Operation Thunder Run, 334–336

Operation Torch, 188–190

Oran, Algeria, 189

“Orders-in-Council” (England’s), 28, 29

Oregon, 48

Oriskany, NY, 10

Ottoman Empire, 124, 132, 133, 134, 137, 164

P-38s, 218

P-47 Thunderbolts, 199, 200, 204

P-51 Mustangs, 161, 181, 194, 200

Pacific Ocean, 33, 63, 64, 141

Pacific Theater, WWII,
176,
177,
199, 212, 221–231

Padierna (Contreras), Mexico, 57, 60

Pagonis, William “Gus,” 298

Pakenham, Sir Edward, 42

Pakistan/Pakistanis, 296, 344, 345–346, 349, 351

Palestine, 133, 135, 164

Palmer, Dave Richard, 280

Palo Alto, Mexico, 50

Panama, xvi

Panetta, Leon, 353

Panmunjom, Korea, 252

parachutes, 160, 162, 169

paratroopers, 208–209, 211, 331

Paris, France, 128–129, 151, 152, 162, 188, 207

Paris Accord, 281, 282

Pas de Calais, France, 201, 202, 203

Passchendaele, Belgium, 140, 169

Patriot missile system, 305, 321, 328

Patton, George, 189, 190, 194, 202, 208, 209, 210, 211, 241, 320, 339

Patuxent River, 38, 39

Peachtree Creek, GA, 91

Peacock
(American sloop), 42

Pearl Harbor, 178–179, 183, 185, 186, 212, 215, 216, 223, 231–232

Peekskill, NY, 7

Peking (Beijing), China, 242–243, 248

Peña y Barragán, 59

Peninsula Campaign, 73

Pennsylvania, xv, 4, 7, 8–9, 10, 13, 14–15, 16, 78, 81, 82–84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 95, 96, 97, 98, 106, 220

Penobscot River, 40

Pentagon, 307, 344, 345

People’s Republic of Korea, 239.
See also
Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)

Percival, A. E., 215

Perkins, David, 334

Perle, Richard, 340

Perry, Oliver Hazard, 35, 41, 43

Perryville, Kentucky, 78

Pershing, John J. “Black Jack,” 144–145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 162–163, 170, 171

Persian Gulf, 292, 296, 297, 298, 311, 325, 330

Pétain, Philippe, 138, 140, 151, 155, 156, 188, 189

Petersburg, VA, 94, 95, 96

Philadelphia, PA, 8–9, 10, 13, 14–15, 106

Philippines

Korea (1950-1953), 249

Spain (1898), 104, 106, 111, 113, 114–116, 117, 118–119, 145

Vietnam (1965-1975), 269, 280

World War II (1939-1945), 212–213, 221, 222–223, 224, 228, 229

Pickett, George, 60, 83, 96, 98

Pierce, Franklin, 56

Pittsburg Landing, 86

Plattsburgh, NY, 31, 40–41

Pleiku, Vietnam, 263, 264

Poland/Polish, 131, 132, 134, 181, 182, 193, 198, 234, 296

Polk, James K., 48–49, 51, 52–53, 53–54, 56, 61, 63, 64

Pope, John, 77

Pork Chop Hill, Korea, 246

Porter, David Dixon, 33, 88, 95

Port Moresby, New Guinea, 215–216, 221

Port Royal Sound, SC, 76

Portugal, 29, 146

Potomac River, 39, 77, 78

Powell, Colin, 292, 296, 299, 300, 303, 317, 340

Prevost, Sir George, 40–41

Princeton, NJ, 8

prisoners of war (POWs), 210, 213, 262–263, 277, 281–282, 328

privateers, 13, 33–34, 39, 41

Puebla, Mexico, 55–56

Puerto Rico, 103, 104, 106, 112–113, 116, 118

Pulaski, Casimir, 14, 16

Pulitzer Prize, 227

Purcell, Joyce, xvii

purpose of wars, xvi.
See also
America at war

pursuit planes/pilots, 158–159, 161, 162

Pusan Perimeter, 241, 252

Putnam, David, 160

Pyongyang, North Korea, 243

Qatar, 295, 322

Quang Tri, Vietnam, 279, 280

Quebec, Canada, 5, 6, 18

Queenstown Harbor, Ireland, 148

Queenstown Heights, Canada, 31

Qui Nhon, Vietnam, 263

Rabaul, New Britain, 218, 221, 222

Ramadan, 299–300

Ranger
(Continental sloop), 12

“Rape of Belgium, the,” 131, 142

Rapidan River, 92

Rasimus, Ed, 266–267

Reagan, Ronald, 291, 298, 311

reconnaissance aircraft, 159–160, 162

Red Badge of Courage, The
(Crane), 107

Red Cross, 113, 148, 210

Red Sea, 297, 303

Regensburg, Germany, 199

Reid, Brian Holden, 84

Reprisal
(Continental brig), 12

Republican Guard, 290, 293, 294, 297, 307, 308, 309, 312

Republicans, 70, 80, 90, 91, 246, 258, 259

Republic of Korea (RoK), 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 247.
See also
Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)

Republic of South Vietnam, 259.
See also
Vietnam, Vietnam War (1965-1975)

Resaca de la Palma, Mexico, 50

Reynolds, John, 99–100

Rhame, Thomas, 306

Rhee, Syngman, 239, 240, 242, 243

Rheims, France, 211, 212

Rhine River, 208, 210–211

Rhode Island, 4, 11, 14, 15, 19

Richmond, VA, 16, 71, 73, 77, 90, 93, 94, 96, 97

Richthofen, Manfred von “Red Baron,” 158–159

Rickenbacker, Eddie, 159

Ridgway, Matthew, 245–246, 252–253

Ripley, Eleazer, 38

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 298–299, 301

Rochambeau, Comte de, 11, 19, 23

Rodman, Hugh, 148

Roer River, 210

Rolling Thunder, 264–269, 273, 276, 280, 283

Romania/Romanians, 132–133, 135, 167, 194

Rome, Italy, 191, 192, 193

Rommel, Erwin, 189, 190, 202–203

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Spain (1898), 112

World War II (1939-1945), 179–180, 181, 182, 183–184, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 195, 200, 213, 221, 225, 231, 233, 291

Roosevelt, Quentin, 161, 206

Roosevelt, Theodore, 104, 109–110, 115, 161

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 206

Rosecrans, William S., 87–88

Rosenthal, Joe, 227

“Rosie the Riveter,” 184

Ross, Robert, 38–39, 39–40

Rotterdam, Netherlands, 198

Rough Riders, 109–110

Royal Air Force (British)

Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 302

Iraq (2003-2011), 319

World War I (1914-1918), 161

World War II (1939-1945), 182, 186, 198, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 233

Royal Decree (“the Proclamation Line”), 5

Royal Navy (British).
See also
specific
HMS
ships

Between the States (1860-1865), 75

1812, 32–33, 34–35, 36, 37–38, 39, 41, 42, 43

Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 303, 304

Independence (1775-1783), 5, 11, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22

Iraq (2003-2011), 325

Korea (1950-1953), 249

World War I (1914-1918), 141–142, 143, 148, 149, 171

World War II (1939-1945), 182, 185, 186, 188, 198, 215, 229–230

Ruhr Valley, 211

Rumaila, Iraq, 309, 311, 325, 327

Rumsfeld, Donald, 320–321, 333, 337, 340, 346

Russia/Russians (Soviet Union)

Afghanistan (2001-2014), 343, 351

1812, 29

Gulf War (1990-1991), 293, 305

Korea (1950-1953), 239, 240, 242, 243, 247, 250–251

Vietnam (1965-1975), 257, 258, 265, 268, 279

World War I (1914-1918), 124, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134, 166, 167, 187

World War II (1939-1945), 182–183, 187, 193, 198, 211, 234, 235–236, 292

SA-2 surface-to-air missiles, 268, 281

Sackets Harbor, NY, 36, 38

Safwan, Iraq, 310

Sahhaf, Mohammed Saeed al- “Baghdad Bob,” 333, 335

Saigon, South Vietnam, 261, 262, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 279, 282

Saipan, 223

Salem, MA, 33

Salerno, Italy, 192

Salonika, Greece, 164

Sampson, William T., 111–112

San Augustin, Mexico, 57

San Juan Heights, Cuba, 108–109, 110, 111

San Juan Hill, Cuba, 110

San Patricios (Irish deserters), 57–58

Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 48, 51–52, 55, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 62

Santa Fe, NM, 53, 54

Santiago, Cuba, 105, 106, 107–108, 110, 111, 112

Sarajevo, Bosnia, 125

Saratoga, NY, xv, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 23, 78, 220

Saturn V rocket, 208

Saud, Khalid bin Sultan al-, 299, 310

Saudi Arabia/Saudis, 133, 290–292, 294–295, 296, 298–299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 343

Savannah, GA, 12, 16, 92

Sayler’s Creek, VA, 96

Scales, Robert H., 329, 330

Schley, Winfield, 111, 112

Schlieffen, Alfred von, 126, 127, 128

Schofield, John, 91

Schuyler, Philip, 5, 10–11

Schwarzkopf, Norman,
289,
292, 294–295, 297, 298–299, 300–301, 303, 306–307, 308–309, 310

Schweinfurt, Germany, 199

Scotland, 149, 202

Scott, Winfield, 38,
47,
52, 53, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 59, 60–61, 62, 64, 85, 86, 89

Scud missiles, 304–305, 330

Sea of Japan, 250

“search and destroy” strategy, 270

Second Confiscation Act (1862), 76

Second World War.
See
World War II (1939-1945)

Sedgwick, John, 99–100

selected readings, xvii, 355–365

Seoul, South Korea, 240, 242, 245

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 318, 344–345

Serbia, 124, 125, 134, 135, 164, 166, 167

Seventy-three Easting, Iraq, 307–308

Shafter, William R., 105, 106–107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113–114

shamal
(massive sandstorm), 324, 331

Sharpsburg, MD, 79

Shenandoah Valley, VA, 91, 93, 94–95

Sherbrooke, Sir John, 40

Sheridan, Philip, 91, 95, 96, 97

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 88, 89, 90, 91–92, 93, 94, 95, 97

Shiites, 323, 327, 337

Shiloh, TN, 86, 87

shipbuilding industry, WWII, 184

“shock and awe,” 322

Siberia, 183

Sibley, David J., 116

Siboney, Cuba, 107, 116

Sicily, Italy, 190–191, 194

Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, 264

Sidi bou Zid, Morocco, 189

Siegfried Line, 210

Sigel, Franz, 93, 94

Sihanoukville, Cambodia, 278

Silkworm missiles, 303, 304

Silver Stars, 192

Simpson, William, 210, 211

Sims, William S., 149

Singapore, 186, 214, 229

Sinuiju, Korea, 243

Slapton Sands, England, 206

slavery, 61, 63, 64–65, 70, 98

Slidell, John, 48

smart bombs, 302–303

Smith, Kirby, 59

Societe Pour L’Aviation et ses Derives
(SPAD) XIIIs, 161, 169

Soissons, France, 149, 155

Solomon Islands, 219, 220, 221

Somerville, NJ, 3

Somme, France, 138–139, 169

South Africa, 193

Southampton, England, 326

South Carolina, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 70, 71, 76, 92, 95

South Korea, 269.
See also
Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)

South Mountain, MD, 78

South Vietnam, 260.
See also
Vietnam, Vietnam War (1965-1975)

Southwest Pacific, WWII,
177,
221

sovereign state enemies, xvi

Soviet Union.
See
Russia/Russians

Spaatz, Carl, 203

Spain/Spanish

1812, 29

Independence (1775-1783), 16, 21, 22

Spain (1898), xvi, 101–119,
102,
357–358

World War I (1914-1918), 142

World War II (1939-1945), 201

Special Forces, 305, 319, 330–331, 345, 351–352

Spee, Maximilian von, 141

Spotsylvania Court House, VA, 93, 94

Spring Offensive, 246

St. Lawrence River, 36–37

St. Mihiel salient, France, 156–158

Stagg, J. M., 205

Stalin, Joseph, 183, 190, 193, 234, 240, 247

Stalingrad, Russia, 234

Stark, Harold, 195

Staten Island, NY, 6

statistics as measure of success, 272–273

Stavelot, Belgium, 209

Stilwell, Joseph W. “Vinegar Joe,” 225

Stockton, Robert F., 54

Stoney Creek, Canada, 36

Strachan, Hew, 134, 144

Straits of Dover, 202

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, 277

strategic bombing (first), 159

submarine warfare

American, 227–228, 235, 236

German, 141, 142–143, 144, 149–150, 165, 170, 182, 183, 184, 194–198

Suez Canal, 133, 188

Sullivan, John, 15

Sulzberger, C. L., 180

Sumatra, 42, 215, 229

Sumner, Samuel, 110

Sunda Strait, 42

Sunnis, 337

Supreme Allied Commander, 151–152, 155, 156, 157, 162, 165

Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 208

Sussex, England, 202

Sweden, 168

Sweetman, Jack, 76

Switzerland, 129

Sword Beach, 205

Syria, 133, 295

T-34 tanks, 240, 241

T-55 tanks, 326

T-72 tanks, 294, 304, 306, 308, 332

Takhli, Thailand, 264

Taliban, 343–344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351–352, 353

Tallil, Iraq, 323

Tampa, FL, 105

tank warfare, 140.
See also
specific tanks

Tannenberg, Poland, 131

Tanner, Ogden, 209

Tanzania, Africa, 136

Taranto, Italy, 191

Tarawa, 223, 327

Tarleton, Sir Banastre, 17, 18

Tarnow, Poland, 132, 134

Taylor, Charles, 207

Taylor, Zachary “Old Rough and Ready,” 49, 50–51, 51–52, 54, 62, 64

Tecumseh
(Union warship), 76