A Crack in the Edge of the World (59 page)

politics of United States in 1906, 52–54.
See also
government, California; government, federal; government, San Francisco

Polk, President James, 36, 115, 137–38, 205–6, 208

pollution, 228, 279

Pony Express routes, 124

population

of early Los Angeles, 127

of early San Francisco, 127–28, 129, 215

Porter, Rufus, 123

Portola Valley, 365–67

Portsmouth Square, 210, 216

Portuguese earthquake of 1755, 55–56

Post Office, U. S., 209, 286, 311, 314–16

Powell, John Wesley, 144–48

prairie schooners, 118, 413

Precambrian Period, 83

prediction, earthquake, 107–8, 364–67

preparedness, earthquake, 360–67

Presidio, San Francisco, 33, 203, 304

pressure waves (P-waves), 175–76, 398

Prince William Sound Earthquake of 1964, 370–72

Priolo, Paul, 411

prisons, 211

property loss.
See
buildings; physical damage

Proterozoic Period, 402

psychoanalysis, 50

Public Library report, 317

public-relations campaign, post-earthquake, 319–24

Pure Food and Drug Act, 53

P-waves (pressure waves), 175–76, 398

Queen (company), 329

“Queen of the Cow Counties,” Los Angeles as, 127

queue, Chinese Manchu, 222

racial issues

controversy over rebuilding Chinatown, 330–31

detention of Chinese paper people immigrants, 343–50

discrimination against Chinese, 129, 209, 218–23, 344

discrimination against Mexicans, 117

Gold Rush and immigration, 217–18

John Wesley Powell on Native Americans, 148

radiolarians, 150

railroads and railroad companies cable cars and, 216

Gadsden Purchase of 1854 and, 115 post-earthquake public relations campaign by, 321

transcontinental, 124, 128

Ramapo Fault System, 87–88, 95, 108

rational human response to earthquakes, 55–56.
See also
human response

Rat Portage, Canada, 82

Raven hotel and restaurant, 376

Rayleigh Waves, 175

rebuilding plan, 229–30, 356–59.
See also
buildings; disaster recovery

reclaimed land, 361, 417

Reconstruction Era, 127

recordings, seismograph, 266–68.
See also
seismographs

records, loss of, 317, 344

recovery.
See
disaster recovery

recumbent folds, 416

refugees, 302, 313, 315–16, 330

Reid, Harry Fielding, 182

relief efforts.
See
human response

religion.
See
Pentecostal Movement

report, San Francisco municipal, 317

Report of the California State Earthquake Commission, 164

Report on the Effects on Structures and Structural Materials
, 291

Repsold-Zöllner Horizontal Pendulum, 263

Republican California governors, 128–31

restaurants, San Francisco, 313

Resurrection Plate, 59

Revenue Cutter Service, 312

Rezanov, Count Nikolai, 116

Rialto Building, 286

Richardson, William, 204

Richter, Charles, 24, 391, 396–401

Richter Magnitude Scale, 391, 396–401.
See also
magnitude, earthquake

right-lateral strike-slip faults, 174, 180

Río Colorado, Río de Buena Guía, and Río del Tizón, 147

riots, anti-Chinese, 222

risk, shared, 325

Rivera Plate, 169

Rivera Triple Junction, 169, 198–99

riverine tsunamis, 412

rivers, right-lateral displacement of, 187–91

road cutting, Palmdale, California, 191–92

rocks.
See also
geology

aging of, 69–73

basalt, 67, 69–73, 77, 150, 154, 413

cordilleran geoscientists and, 148–49

craton, 413

earthquake waves and, 390

gneiss, 414

granites, 77, 81, 85, 414

Eldridge Moores and ophiolite sequences, 149–56

serpentine, 150–51, 154

Rocky Mountains, 111

Rodinia, 83

Rogers, John, 79

Rogers, Will, 206

roller skating, 238

Roman numerals, intensity scale, 389

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 374

Roosevelt, President Theodore, 53–54, 142, 224, 304–5

Ross Alley, 221

Rossi, M. S. de, 389–90

Rossi-Forel Scale, 389–90

Route 66, 124

routes to California, 123–25

Royal (company), 329

Ruef, Abraham, 223–24, 309, 358

rural communities, disaster recovery and, 303

Ruscha, Ed, 133–34

Russian Hill, San Francisco, 228, 294

Russ's Gardens, 216

Sacramento, California, 128

Sacramento River, 46

safes, iron, 285–86

SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) project, 182–87

Saint Andrew, 164

Saint Francis of Assisi, 46, 203

St. Lucia earthquake, 25, 391

Saint Philip's Episcopal Church, 96

Salton Sea, 197–200

saltwater firefighting system, 228–29

San Andreas Fault, 157–200.
See also
plate tectonics

Alaska earthquakes and, 369

Big Bend section of, 187–96, 199–200

creation of, 165–71

damage area of Great San Francisco Earthquake and, 259

earthquake forecasts for, 362–67

elastic rebound theory and, 179–82, 272–73

as line between North American Plate and Pacific Plate, 163–65 (
see also
North American Plate; Pacific Plate)

Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989 and, 362

Los Angeles vs. San Francisco and proximity to, 333

Eldridge Moores, ophiolite sequences, and, 156

Mount Diablo and, 37–42

Olema and maximum ground displacement of Great San Francisco Earthquake, 171–74

Portola Valley and, 366–67

San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) project and, 182–87

San Miguel and Parkfield, California, on, 157–63

southern spreading zone of, 196–200

San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) project, 182–87

San Diego, California, 203

San Francisco
(film), 292, 351

San Francisco, California, 201–30.
See also
California; Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906

author's first view of, from Mount Diablo, 29–32, 43–48 (
see also
Mount Diablo)

Enrico Caruso and opera in, 233–38

Chinatown and Chinese immigrants, 217–23 (
see also
Chinatown; Chinese immigrants)

City Hall (
see
City Hall)

corrupt pre-earthquake government of, 223–25 (
see also
government, San Francisco)

current preparedness for earthquakes, 360–67

early population of, 127–28

early view of, 205

earthquake of 1868, 231–33

earthquake of 1989, 360–62

earthquake response plans, 363–64

on evening before Great Earthquake, 231–41

fires and fire department of, 212–13, 228–29

Gold Rush and growth of, 206–17

loss of supremacy to Los Angeles after Great Earthquake and Fire, 331–33

official seal with phoenix, 212

pre-earthquake status of buildings in, 225–29

post-earthquake loss of creative culture, 351–56

post-earthquake rebuilding plan, 229–30, 356–59

settling and naming of, 46, 201–6

supremacy of, and President Teddy Roosevelt, 54

Vesuvius eruption, Los Angeles, and, 229–30

San Francisco Bay Bridge, 361

San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire
(book), 419–21

San Francisco Gas and Electric Fire, 292

San Francisco Imperishable
(book), 323

San Francisco Real Estate Board, 322

San Gabriel Fault, 167, 195

San Jacinto Fault, 196

San Joaquin River, 45–46

San José, California, 33, 203, 255, 270

San Juan Capistrano, California, 203

Sankara, Adi, 85

San Leandro, California

San Luis Obispo, California, 203

San Miguel, California, earthquakes, 158–63

Santa Barbara, California, 194

Santa Clara, California, 256

Santa Cruz, California, 254–55, 360–61

Santa Rosa, California, 257

scales, 387–403

geological time, 401–3

intensity, 388–96 (
see also
intensity, earthquake)

magnitude, 396–401 (
see also
magnitude, earthquake)

schists (term), 414

Schmitz, Eugene

response of, to earthquake and fire, 305–13

selection of, as mayor of San Francisco, 223–25

schools report, 317

science.
See also
geology; New Geology; plate tectonics

Gaia theory, 4

paleoseismology, 104

reaction to earthquakes and, 56

seismic, 160–63

space exploration, 1–5

of United States in 1906, 49–50

Scientific American
(magazine), 233

scrip certificates, 315–16

sea.
See
ocean

seal, flying (term), 318

seal, San Francisco official, 212

See, Thomas Jefferson Jackson, 269

seismic events.
See also
earthquakes; volcanoes

animals and, 240–41

in California, 160–61

in New England, 87–88

of 1906, 23–28

of 2004, 28

seismic science, 160–63.
See also
geology

seismograms, 263, 268

seismographs, 261–73

early Chinese weathercock, 261–62

earthquake magnitude and, 391, 396–401

geologists, Robert Wallace, and, 189

invention of, 262–63, 388

Jesuits and, 264–67

at Meers (Oklahoma) Fault, 106–8

modern analysis of recordings of Great San Francisco Earthquake, 267–73

recordings of, for Great San Francisco Earthquake, 176, 177, 257, 264

seismometers, 161, 263

seismoscope, 265

serpentine rocks, 150–51, 154

Seuss, Eduard, 74

Seward, William, 114

Seymour, William, 338–39

shanghai men (term), 214

shared risk, 325

shear waves (S-waves), 175–76, 398

Shemakha earthquake of 1906, 26

Sheriff's report, 317

shield rocks, 81

ships

buildings made from, 211

eyewitness accounts from, 251–53

Sieberg, August, 390

Sierra Club, 129, 148

Sierra Nevada range, 44–45

sills (term), 414–15

silver, 137, 214

Simpson, George, 116

Sir Francis Drake Highway, 173–74

Sixpence House
(book), 419

size, earthquake.
See
intensity, earthquake; magnitude, earthquake; scales

size, earth's, 58

Skaergaard Layered Igneous Intrusion, 71–73

sketches, Caruso's, 251

Skinner, W. D., 174

skyscrapers, steel-framed, 51, 225

Slot, San Francisco, 228, 245

smallpox insurance, 324–25, 326

smells, earthquakes and, 100–101

Smith, Jedediah, 118–19, 147

Smithsonian Institution, 145

Socialist Voice
(newspaper), 308

social reform, insurance companies and, 324–25

Society of Jesus, seismographs and, 265–67

soldiers.
See
military

Sonoma Valley, 256–57

sounds, earthquakes and, 88, 91, 102

South America, 84

South Carolina Earthquake of 1886, 17, 86–96, 108

Southern Pacific Company, 223, 321, 323

south of the slot (term), 228

space

exploration of, and New Geology, 1–5

view of Great San Francisco earthquake from, 11–13

Spain

naming of Mount Diablo and California by soldiers of, 32–35

rule over California by, 115, 201–6

spreading zones, 60–61, 165–66, 169, 199–200

Spreckels, Claus, 224, 225, 420

Spreckels, Rudolf, 224–25

stamps, post-earthquake mail delivery without, 316

Standard Oil, 43, 94

Stanford, Leland, 128–29, 215, 225

Stanford University, 130, 185–86, 264, 275, 278

state government.
See
California; government, California

steel-framed skyscrapers, 51, 225

Stegner, Wallace, 144

Steinmann, Gustav, 151

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 351

Stewart, Nellie, 238

Stiattesi Vertical Pendulum, 263

Stillwater Intrusion, 72

stock market, 321–22.
See also
financial issues

Stockton, Robert, 46

Stone Mountains, 111

Strait of Magellan route to California, 123–24

Strange Genius
(book), 138–39

stratigraphy, geological time scale, 401–3

Strauss, Levi, 218

Street of Gamblers, San Francisco, 221

strike (term), 416

strike-slip faults, 167–71, 174, 180, 372

Students Astronomical Observatory, 270

subduction zones, 60–61, 166

subjective earthquake measurements.
See
intensity, earthquake

Suess, Eduard, 151

sugar daddy (term), 225

suicides, 323–24

Sullivan, Dennis, 228–29, 239–40, 283–84

Sullivan, Margaret, 284

Sumatran earthquake and tsunami of 2004, 28, 85, 90, 240, 303, 370, 397–400

Summerville, South Carolina, 88–90, 93, 95, 108

Sun Yat-sen, 223

Sunset
(magazine), 353–54

supercontinents, 73–86

surface waves, 175

Surtsey Island, 65–69

Suter, Johan.
See
Sutter, John ( Johan Suter)

Sutro, Adolf, 225–26

Sutter, John (Johan Suter), 35, 119–21

S-waves (shear waves), 175–76, 398