A Buss from Lafayette (21 page)

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Stage-coach and Tavern Days
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Country Stores in Early New England
. Sturbridge, MA: Old Sturbridge Village, 1955.

Fennelly, Catherine (editor).
The Garb of Country New Englanders, 1790-1840
. Sturbridge, MA: Old Sturbridge Village, 1966.

Gaines, James R.
For Liberty and Glory: Washington, Lafayette, and their Revolutions
. New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

Garvin, Donna-Belle and James L.
On the Road North of Boston
:
New Hampshire Taverns and Turnpikes 1700-1900
. Concord, NH: New Hampshire Historical Society, 1988.

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The Lady’s Stratagem, A Repository of 1820s Directions for the Toilet, Mantua-Making, Stay-Making, Millinery & Etiquette.
San Francisco: Lavolta Press, 2009.

Headley, Joel Tyler.
Washington and His Generals
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Hunt, Gaillard.
As We Were, Life in America 1814
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Idzerda, Stanley J. and Robert R. Crout.
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1981.

Idzerda, Stanley J., Anne C. Loveland, and Marc H. Miller.
Lafayette, Hero of Two Worlds: the Art and Pageantry of His Farewell Tour of America, 1824-1825: Essays
. Hanover, NH/London: University Press of New England, 1989.

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The American-English Country Dance Compendium 1730-1825
.
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The Return of Lafayette
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Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions
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The New England Country Tavern
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Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825
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Lafayette, the Guest of the Nation: The Tracing of Lafayette’s Tour of the United States in 1824-5
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An Architectural Walking Tour
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G
LOSSARY

à la mode
—(French) in the latest fashion

addlepated
—empty-headed, silly

Anadama
—a traditional yeast bread of New England in the United States, made with wheat flour, cornmeal, molasses, and sometimes rye flour. (Some say the name came from a man with a wife named Ana who sometimes made him mad.)

barouche
—a four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a collapsible hood over the rear half, a seat in front for the driver, and seats facing each other for the passengers

betsy
—a ruffled collar supposed to look like the ruffs of Queen Elizabeth I

bogeyman
—somebody considered to be especially hateful, evil, or frightening, used as a threat to frighten children into behaving well

box
—the driver’s seat on a coach

brangle
—quarrel, squabble, argument

breeches
—knee-length pants

buff
—tan in color

buss
— a playful, smacking kiss

cabal
—a secret plot, a conspiracy

charity
—harmony, good feeling

chemise
—knee-length, sleeveless undergarment, shaped like a dress; also called a shift

cockade
—a leather hat ornament in the shape of a flower, signifying political loyalty

common
—a tract of land belonging to the public rather than owned by an individual; used throughout New England to refer to a town’s public park

confinement
—childbirth

consumption
—tuberculosis

cravat
—
a neck cloth

curtsy
—a sign of respect or greeting in which a woman or girl bends her knees with one foot behind the other, short for
courtesy

doodle
—a fool

dowd
—a badly dressed woman

dragoon
—a type of horse soldier

dragooned
—to be forced

fanlight
—a semi-circular window shaped like a fan, over a door or larger window

ferule
—a cane, rod, or flat piece of wood used to punish children by striking them, usually on the hand

flanking
—attacking the side (flank) or back of the enemy forces

frippery
—a frivolous, showy article of dress

frowsy
—messy or shabby in personal appearance

gewgaw
—trinket, toy

grit
—courage, bravery

grommet
—a metal-ringed hole in fabric through which a cord passes

Hessian
—a person from Hesse, a country of central Germany; England hired many Hessian soldiers to fight against the Americans in the Revolutionary War

hoity-toity
—snobby, arrogant

hoyden
—tomboy

leading strings
—a sort of double leash for toddlers

light infantry
—mounted soldiers, usually excellent marksmen, who act as skirmishers in a battle

Lobsterbacks
—British soldiers (because of their red uniforms)

marquis
—a nobleman higher in rank than a count and lower than a duke

militia
—able-bodied civilian males obliged by law to train as soldiers, but only called into service in an emergency

mobcap
—a loose-fitting frilly cap women often wore indoors, or outdoors under their bonnets

modiste
—(French) a woman who makes fashionable dresses or hats

nankeen
—a durable yellowish-brown cotton fabric

ninnyhammer
—fool

pantalettes
—long underpants, worn by young girls, that extended below the skirt to the ankle, usually decorated with lace or frills.

pantaloons
—
tight-fitting trousers, sometimes strapped under the boots

pate
—the head, especially the top of the head

pediment
—an architectural ornament, often triangular, over windows and doors

peruke
—a wig

pilaster
—a square column set within a wall, projecting only partially beyond the wall’s surface

pinafore
—a sleeveless apron-like garment worn over a child’s dress to keep it clean

plaits
—braids, pigtails

plash
—splash

Procrustean bed
— from Procrustes, a giant in Greek mythology who seized unwary travelers and cut off or stretched their legs to fit his bed

pudding cap
—a padded hat worn by toddlers to protect their heads

Redcoats
—British soldiers (because of their red uniforms)

reticule
—a small wrist bag used by ladies, sometimes called a
ridicule

riddle
—
a word puzzle, a mystery, a coarse sieve used for sifting grain or ashes

sadiron
—
an early iron, heated on a stove to use pressing clothes (“sad” meant “heavy”)

salmagundi
—a salad made of vegetables and meat dressed with oil, vinegar, and herbs

sapskull
—a fool

scythe
—a long blade used to cut plants

seraphim
—
a reed keyboard instrument, an early version of the organ, also called a harmonium (named for the highest order of angels, who supposedly had three sets of wings each)

shay
—
a light carriage, also called a
chaise
or
whisky

sidelight
—narrow, vertical windows on either side of a door

skirmisher
—one who fights in a small group, in no particular formation, against small groups of the enemy during a battle

smock
—
a loose, thigh-length (or longer) garment worn by waggoners, farmers, and laborers; also called a
smock-frock

springhouse
—a structure built over a spring of cold water welling up from the ground, used to keep food fresh

stays
—a boned undergarment for shaping the upper body of females; also called a corset

tavern
—an inn, a house for the entertainment of travelers, a house for the sale of liquors

temerity
—courage

toilette
—the process of making your personal appearance presentable

tottyheaded
—silly

travail
—the pains of childbirth or other very hard work

tricorne
—three-cornered hat fashionable in the 1700s

wallflower
—a girl who sits by the wall at a dance, because no one asks her to dance

whisky
—a small two-wheeled carriage that can whisk around other vehicles easily

witcracker
—someone who makes jokes