Read 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos Online

Authors: Jordan B. Peterson

12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos (53 page)

49
. Bill, V.T. (1986).
Chekhov: The silent voice of freedom
. Allied Books, Ltd.

50
. Costa, P.T., Teracciano, A.
& McCrae, R.R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81
, 322-331.

51
. Isbell, L. (2011).
The fruit, the tree and the serpent: Why we see so well.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; see also Hayakawa, S., Kawai, N., Masataka, N., Luebker, A., Tomaiuolo, F., & Caramazza, A. (2011). “The influence of color on snake detection in visual search in human children.”
Scientific Reports, 1
, 1-4.

52
. Virgin and Child (c. 1480) by Geertgen tot Sint Jans (c. 1465- c. 1495) provides an outstanding example of this, with Mary, the Christ Child and the serpent additionally superimposed on a background of medieval musical instruments (and the infant Christ playing the role of conductor).

53
. Osorio, D., Smith, A.C., Vorobyev, M. & Buchanan-Smieth, H.M. (2004). “Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision.”
The American Naturalist, 164
, 696-708.

54
. Macrae, N. (1992).
John von Neumann : The scientific genius who pioneered the modern computer, game theory, nuclear deterrence, and much more
. New York: Pantheon Books.

55
. Wittman, A. B., & Wall, L. L. (2007). “The evolutionary origins of obstructed labor: bipedalism, encephalization, and the human obstetric dilemma.”
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 62
, 739–748.

56
. Other explanations exist: Dunsworth, H. M., Warrener, A. G., Deacon, T., Ellison, P. T., & Pontzer, H. (2012). “Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109,
15212–15216.

57
. Heidel, A. (1963).
The Babylonian Genesis: The story of the creation
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

58
. Salisbury, J. E. (1997).
Perpetua’s passion: The death and memory of a young Roman woman
. New York: Routledge.

59
. Pinker, S. (2011).
The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined
. New York: Viking Books.

60
. Nietzsche, F.W. & Kaufmann, W.A. (1982).
The portable Nietzsche
. New York: Penguin Classics (Maxims and Arrows 12).

61
. Peterson, J.B. (1999).
Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief
. New York: Routledge, p. 264.

62
. Miller, G. (2016, November 3). Could pot help solve the U.S. opioid epidemic?
Science
. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/could-pot-help-solve-us-opioid-epidemic

63
. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., and Mount, M. K. (1998).
“Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness.”
Journal of Applied Psychology, 83
, 377-391; for a similar effect with children, see Dishion, T. J., McCord, J., & Poulin, F. (1999). “When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior.”
American Psychologist, 54
, 755–764.

64
. McCord, J. & McCord, W. (1959). “A follow-up report on the Cambridge-Somerville youth study.”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 32
, 89-96.

65
. See
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQvvmT3ab80
(from
MoneyBART
: Episode 3, Season 23 of
The Simpsons
).

66
. Rogers outlined six conditions for constructive personality change to occur. The second of these was the client’s “state of incongruence,” which is, roughly speaking, knowledge that something is wrong and has to change. See Rogers, C. R. (1957). “The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.”
Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21
, 95–103.

67
. Poffenberger, A.T. (1930). “The development of men of science.”
Journal of Social Psychology, 1
, 31-47.

68
. Taylor, S.E. & Brown, J. (1988). “Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.”
Psychological Bulletin, 103
, 193–210.

69
. The word
sin
is derived from the Greek ἁμαρτάνειν (
hamartánein
), which means to
miss the mark
. Connotations: error of judgment; fatal flaw. See
http://biblehub.com/greek/264.htm

70
. See Gibson, J. J. (1979).
The ecological approach to visual perception
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

71
. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). “Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events.”
Perception, 28
, 1059–1074.

72
.
http://www.dansimons.com/videos.html

73
. Azzopardi, P. & Cowey, A. (1993). “Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex.”
Nature, 361
, 719-721.

74
. see
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/thomas/gospelthomas113.html

75
. Nietzsche, F. (2003).
Beyond good and evil
. Fairfield, IN: 1
st
World Library/Literary Society, p. 67.

76
.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/21/nyregion/21yitta.html

77
. Balaresque, P., Poulet, N., Cussat-Blanc, S., Gerard, P., Quintana-Murci, L., Heyer, E., & Jobling, M. A. (2015). “Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations.”
European Journal of Human Genetics, 23
, 1413–1422.

78
. Moore, L. T., McEvoy, B.,
Cape, E., Simms, K., & Bradley, D. G. (2006). “A Y-chromosome signature of hegemony in Gaelic Ireland.”
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78
, 334–338.

79
. Zerjal, T., Xue, Y., Bertorelle, G., Wells et al. (2003). “The genetic legacy of the Mongols.”
American Journal of Human Genetics, 72
, 717–21.

80
. Jones, E. (1953).
The life and work of Sigmund Freud
(Vol. I). New York: Basic Books. p. 5.

81
. A decent brief summary of such ideas is provided here:
https://www.britannica.com/art/noble-savage

82
. Well reviewed in Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008). “Personality trait change in adulthood.”
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17
, 31–35.

83
. For a thorough, empirically-grounded and reliable discussion of such matters, see Olweus, D. (1993).
Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do
. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

84
. Goodall, J. (1990).
Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

85
. Finch, G. (1943). “The bodily strength of chimpanzees.”
Journal of Mammalogy, 24
, 224-228.

86
. Goodall, J. (1972).
In the shadow of man
. New York: Dell.

87
. Wilson, M.L. et al. (2014). “Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts.”
Nature, 513
, 414-417.

88
. Goodall, J. (1990).
Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe
. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pp. 128–129.

89
. Chang, I. (1990).
The rape of Nanking
. New York: Basic Books.

90
. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013).
Global study on homicide
. Retrieved from
https://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf

91
. Thomas, E.M. (1959).
The harmless people.
New York: Knopf.

92
. Roser, M. (2016).
Ethnographic and archaeological evidence on violent deaths
. Retrieved from
https://ourworldindata.org/ethnographic-and-archaeological-evidence-on-violent-deaths/

93
. Ibid; also Brown, A. (2000).
The Darwin wars: The scientific battle for the soul of man
. New York: Pocket Books.

94
. Keeley, L.H. (1997).
War before civilization: The myth of the peaceful savage
. Oxford University Press, USA.

95
. Carson, S.H., Peterson, J.B. &
Higgins, D.M. (2005). “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire.”
Creativity Research Journal, 17
, 37-50.

96
. Stokes, P.D. (2005).
Creativity from constraints: The psychology of breakthrough
. New York: Springer.

97
. Wrangham, R. W., & Peterson, D. (1996).
Demonic males: Apes and the origins of human violence
. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

98
. Peterson, J.B. & Flanders, J. (2005). Play and the regulation of aggression. In Tremblay, R.E., Hartup, W.H. & Archer, J. (Eds.).
Developmental origins of aggression
. (pp. 133-157). New York: Guilford Press; Nagin, D., & Tremblay, R. E. (1999). “Trajectories of boys’ physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and non-violent juvenile delinquency.”
Child Development, 70,
1181-1196.

99
. Sullivan, M.W. (2003). “Emotional expression of young infants and children.”
Infants and Young Children, 16
, 120-142.

100
. See BF Skinner Foundation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazyH6fQQ4

101
. Glines, C.B. (2005). “Top secret World War II bat and bird bomber program.”
Aviation History, 15
, 38-44.

102
. Flasher, J. (1978). “Adultism.”
Adolescence, 13
, 517-523; Fletcher, A. (2013).
Ending discrimination against young people
. Olympia, WA: CommonAction Publishing.

103
. de Waal, F. (1998).
Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes
. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

104
. Panksepp, J. (1998).
Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions
. New York: Oxford University Press.

105
. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., … Japel, C. (2004). “Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors.”
Pediatrics, 114
, 43-50.

106
. Krein, S. F., & Beller, A. H. (1988). “Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: Differences by exposure, gender, and race.”
Demography, 25
, 221; McLoyd, V. C. (1998). “Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.”
The American Psychologist, 53
, 185–204; Lin, Y.-C., & Seo, D.-C. (2017). “Cumulative family risks across income levels predict deterioration of children’s general health during childhood and adolescence.”
PLOS ONE, 12(5)
, e0177531.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177531
; Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). “Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis.”
Psychological Bulletin, 110
, 26–46.

107
. Eric Harris’s diary:
http://melikamp.com/features/eric.shtml

108
. Goethe, J.W. (1979).
Faust, part one
(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 75.

109
. Goethe, J.W. (1979).
Faust, part two
(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 270.

110
. Tolstoy, L. (1887-1983).
Confessions
(D. Patterson, Trans.). New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 57-58.

111
. The Guardian (2016, June 14).
1000 mass shootings in 1260 days: this is what America’s gun crisis looks like
. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/oct/02/mass-shootings-america-gun-violence

112
. The words of Eric Harris:
https://schoolshooters.info/sites/default/files/harris_journal_1.3.pdf

113
. Cited in Kaufmann, W. (1975).
Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre
. New York: Meridian, pp. 130-131.

114
. See Solzhenitsyn, A.I. (1975).
The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An experiment in literary investigation
(Vol. 2). (T.P. Whitney, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.

115
. Piaget, J. (1932).
The moral judgement of the child
. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company; see also Piaget, J. (1962).
Play, dreams and imitation in childhood
. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

116
. Franklin, B. (1916).
Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
. Rahway, New Jersey: The Quinn & Boden Company Press. Retrieved from
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203-h/20203-h.htm

117
. See Xenophon’s Apology of Socrates, section 23, retrieved at
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0212%3Atext%3DApol.%3Asection%3D23

118
. Ibid., section 2.

119
. Ibid., section 3.

120
. Ibid,, section 8.

121
. Ibid., section 4.

122
. Ibid., section 12.

123
. Ibid., section 13.

124
. Ibid., section 14.

125
. Ibid., section 7.

126
. Ibid.

127
. Ibid., section 8.

128
. Ibid.