Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla (75 page)

25. Westinghouse memorandum, July 7, 1888.

26. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].

27. NT to E. Heinreich, December 4, 1897 [LC].

28. Marica to NT, March 27, 1891, in A. Marincic, ed.,
Tesla’s Correspondence with Relatives
(Belgrade: Nikola Tesla Museum) [Zoran Bobic, transl.].

29. “Tesla at 79 Discovers New Message Wave,”
Brooklyn Eagle,
July 11, 1935, 1:1, 3:4; see also O’Neill, 1944, pp. 158-64.

30. Allan Benson, “Nikola Tesla: Dreamer,”
The World To-Day,
1915, pp. 1763-67 [Archives, Health Research, Mokelumne Hill, Calif].

1. Edward Bulwer-Lytton,
The Coming Race
(London: Routledge, 1871).

2. NT, “Tesla’s Latest Invention: Electrical Circuits and Apparatus of Electrically Controlled Vessels,”
Electrical Review,
November 16, 1898, pp. 305-12.

3. NT to RUJ, July 12, 1900 [BCU].

4. This connection between Tesla and Bulwer-Lytton was originally noticed by Desire Stanton, a newspaper columnist in Colorado Springs in 1899. See I. Hunt and W. Draper,
Lightning in His Hands: The Life Story of Nikola Tesla
(Hawthorne, Calif.: Omni Publications, 1964.

5. Bulwer-Lytton,
Coming Race.

6. NT to JJA, January 27, 1897; July 3, 1897 [NTM].

7. NT to JJA, December 2, 1898 [NTM].

8. Virginia Cowles,
The Astors
(New York: Knopf, 1979), pp. 130-31.

9. NT,
My Inventions,
pp. 107-9.

10. John Oliver Ashton to Lee Anderson, July 17, 1953 [LA].

11. “Tom Edison’s Son Explodes Desk by Accident,”
New York Times,
May 3, 1898, 7:1.

12. “Tesla’s Latest Invention,”
Electrical Review,
November 9 and 16, 1898.

13. NT, “Torpedo Boat Without a Crew,”
Current Literature,
February 1899, pp. 136-37.

14. “Mr. Tesla and the Czar,”
Electrical Engineering,
November 17, 1898, pp. 486-87.

15. NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900, p. 188.

16. M. Huart, “The Genius of Destruction,”
Electrical Review,
December 7, 1898, p. 36.

17. Mark Twain to NT, November 17, 1898 [NTM].

18. “Mr. Tesla and the Czar,”
Electrical Engineering,
November 17, 1898, pp. 486-87.

19. “Was Keely a Charlatan?” and “Science and Sensationalism,”
Public Opinion,
December 1, 1898, pp. 684-85.

20. NT to RUJ, January 1, 1898 [BLCU].

21. NT to RUJ, January 1, 1898 [BLCU].

22. NT to RUJ, November 28, 1898 [BLCU].

23. NT, “Mr. Tesla’s reply,”
Electrical Engineer,
November 24, 1898, p. 514.

24. Marc Seifer,
Nikola Tesla: Psychohistory,
1986, p. 272. Survey derived from Ratzlaff and Anderson, 1979.

25. “His Friends to Mr. Tesla,”
Electrical Engineer,
November 24, 1898, p. 514.

26. TCM to Elihu Thomson, January 16, 1917, in H. Abrahams and M. Savin,
Selections from the Scientific Correspondence of Elihu Thomson
(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1971), p. 352.

27. T. C. Martin, “The Burning of Tesla’s Laboratory,”
Engineering,
11:1, April 1895.

28. NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900, pp. 175-211.

29. NT, “How Cosmic Forces Shape Our Destiny,” 1915, in
Nikola Tesla: Lectures
(1956), p. A-122.

30. NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900, pp. 173-74.

31. NT, “How Cosmic Forces Shape Our Destiny,” 1915/1956, p. A-172.

32. Ibid.

33. NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900, pp. 184-85.

34. Ibid., pp. 185-86.

35. NT,
My Inventions.
It should also be noted that for many years, in order for a patent to be granted, the inventor
had
to demonstrate his invention.

1. NT to RUJ, November 29, 1897 [BLCU].

2. Virginia Cowles,
The Astors
(New York: Knopf, 1979), p. 126.

3. Albin Dearing,
The Elegant Inn
(Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, 1986), pp. 75, 78, 87.

4. Ibid., p. 81.

5. NT to U.S. Navy, September 27, 1899 [NAR].

6. P. Delaney, “Telegraphing From a Balloon in War,”
Electrical Review,
October 1898, p. 68.

7. NT to JJA, January 3, 1901 [NTM].

8. General Dynamics advertisement,
Smithsonian,
1990.

9. “Offer of the Holland Owners,”
New York Times,
June 4, 1898, 1:4.

10. NT to U.S. Navy, 1899 [NAR].

11. “The Patience of Hobson,”
New York Times,
April 20, 1908.

12. “The Merrimac Destroyed?”
New York Times,
June 4, 1898, 1:4.

13. Martha Young, “Lieutenant Richmond P. Hobson,”
Chautauguan
27, 1898, p. 561.

14. “Lieut. Hobson’s Promotion,”
New York Times,
June 21, 1898, 1:4.

15. KJ to NT, December 6, 1897 [NTM].

16. Ibid., June 6, 1898.

17. NT, “Tesla’s Latest Advances in Vacuum Tubes,”
Electrical Review,
January 5, 1898, p. 9.

18. Cheiro (Louis Hamon),
Cheiro’s Language of the Hand
(New York: Transatlantic Publishing Co., 1895).

19. Sphynx. Analysis of Tesla’s palm. Private correspondence, August 1990.

20. KJ to NT, February 8, 1898 [NTM].

21. Ibid., March 12, 1898; March 25, 1898.

22. NK to KJ, March 12, 1898 [BLCU].

23. Ibid., December 3, 1898.

24. NK to KJ, November 3, 1898 [BLCU].

25. Ibid., March 9, 1899.

26. Marguerite Merrington papers, Museum of New York City; John O’Neill,
Prodigal Genius,
p. 302.

27. Virginia Cowles,
The Astors
(New York: Knopf, 1979), pp. 124-25.

28. Ibid., p. 135.

29. NT to JJA, December 2, 1898; January 6, 1899 [NTM].

30. Ibid., December 2, 1898 [NTM].

31. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].

32. Ibid., January 6, 1899; January 10, 1899; March 27, 1899 [NTM]. Whether Tesla actually received the full amount is unknown.

33. John O’Neill,
Prodigal Genius,
p. 176.

34. NK to KJ, November 3, 1898 [BLCU].

35. R. U. Johnson,
Remembered Yesterdays,
pp. 418-19.

36. “The Gentle Art of Kissing,”
New York Times,
August 15, 1899, 6:2-4.

37. NT to RUJ, December 6, 1898 [BLCU].

38. Ibid., November 8, 1898.

39. “Lieut. Hobson’s Career,”
New York Times,
June 5, 1898, 2:4.

1. Desire Stanton, “Nikola Tesla Experiments in the Mountains,”
Mountain Sunshine,
Jul-Aug 1899, pp. 33-34.(Real name: Mrs. Gilbert McClurg.) Tesla’s 1896 trip to Colorado was discovered by James Corum while researching articles at the Tesla Museum, Belgrade.

2. NT/Reginald Fessenden litigation, August 5, 1902 [BLCU].

3. NT. “Some Experiments in Tesla’s Laboratory With Currents of High Potential and High Frequency,”
Electrical Review,
March 29, 1899, pp. 193-97, 204.

4. T. Hunt and M. Draper,
Lightning,
p. 110.

5. Ibid.; NT,
On His Work in A.C.,
1916/1992, p. 109.

6. T. Hunt and M. Draper,
Lightning,
p. 110.

7. Ibid.

8. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, p. 12 [BLCU].

9. Drawings pertaining to the design of the Colorado Springs experimental station were created in 1896 and 1897. In the same manner, while at Colorado, Tesla also worked out plans for his next transmitter, which was erected on Long Island. NT,
My Inventions,
pp. 116-17.

10. T. Hunt and M. Draper,
Lightning,
p. 108.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. According to present-day understanding, the ionosphere, or Kennelly-Heaviside layer, does not act as a carrier of the electrical waves, as Tesla hypothesized, but as a reflector, causing the energy “to bounce back and forth rapidly for long-distance transmission,” and that is how it goes around the entire curve of the earth (Stanley Seifer, private correspondence, 1985).

14. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, p. 51 [BLCU].

15. Alexander Marincic, “Research on Nikola Tesla in Long Island Laboratory.”
Tesla Journal
6, no. 7 (1988/89) pp. 25-28.

16. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, [BLCU].

17. NT to George Scherff, June 22, 1899 [LC].

18. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, p. 26 [BLCU].

19. The primary of the coil was a specially prepared cable spanning the inside perimeter of the building itself, and the secondary was a tubular shaped smaller coil in the center of the
structure which encircled a transmission tower that rose from a support column as a single spire. With a removable roof to augment the adjustment of the aerial, and a small bulb at its apex, the transmitter could be extended to a variable length that could reach a maximum of 200 feet from the ground. A. Marincic,
Colorado Springs Notes Commentary,
in Nikola Tesla,
Colorado Springs Notes,
A. Marincic, ed. (Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Nikola Tesla Museum, 1979).

20. Due to Tesla’s extraordinary powers of eidetic imagery, a myth, perpetuated by O’Neill and Tesla’s own autobiography, arose suggesting that the inventor worked out all designs and calculations solely in his mind. The original curators of the Tesla Museum therefore kept the Colorado notebook a secret, as they did not want to destroy this image of the inventor’s extraordinary mental abilities. According to the present curator, Dr. Marincic, “The appearance of the Colorado notebook would show Tesla to be human, that he made mistakes, and so on.” Marincic’s position was totally different. He felt that the more people understood the real Tesla, the better would be the appreciation of his accomplishments. It was for this reason that Marincic prepared the notebook which was published by the musuem in 1979 (Tesla Museum, A. Marincic, Colorado Springs, August, 1990.)

21. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, [BLCU].

22. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 86. See also
Colorado Springs Notes,
p. 174: “Now it was of importance to increase the magnifying factor…”

23. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902, p. 30 [BLCU].

24. NT,
Colorado Springs Notes,
pp. 28, 34.

25. NT to JJA, September 10, 1900 [NTM].

26. GS to NT, June 14, 1990 [LC].

27. GS to NT, June 22, 1899 [LC].

28. NT to GS, June 6, 1899 [LC].

29. A. Marincic, in
Colorado Springs Notes,
p. 15.

30. NT/RF litigation, Lowenstein testimony, August 5, 1902, pp. 99-101, 106 [BLCU].

31. NT, CSN, 1979, p. 37.

32. NT/RF litigation, Lowenstein testimony, August 5, 1902, pp. 106-8 [BLCU].

33. NT,
Colorado Springs Notes,
p. 61.

34. Ibid.

35. NT to GS, July 4 and 6, 1899 [LC].

1. NT to RUJ, January 25, 1901 [BLCU].

2. NT to JH, December 8, 1899, in
Colorado Springs Notes,
p. 314.

3. NT, “Talking With the Planets,”
Current Literature,
March 1901, p. 360.

4.
Pyramid Guide,
1977 [LA].

5. NT,
Colorado Springs Notes,
pp. 109-110.

6. NT/RF litigation, August 5, 1902 [BLCU].

7. Ibid., pp. 127-33.

8. NT, “Talking With the Planets,” February 9, 1901,
Colliers,
pp. 405-6;
Current Literature,
March 1901, pp. 429-31.

9. NT, “Interplanetary Communication,”
Electrical World,
September 24, 1921, p. 620.

10. NT, “Signalling to Mars,”
Harvard Illustrated,
March 1907, in
Tesla Said,
pp. 92-93.

11. GS to NT, July 1, 1899 [LC].

12.
New York Times
articles on wireles operators: D’Azar, September 3, 1899, 17:7; Marble November 7, 1899, 1:3; Riccia September 10, 1899, 10:4.

13. GS to NT, October 2, 1899 [LC].

14. NT to GS, September 27, 1899 [LC].

15. On July 28, in the
Colorado Springs Notes
Tesla also utilizes the word
feeble.
This same word appears in the 1901 article “Talking With the Planets.” See also, Marc Seifer, 1979; 1984; 1986.

16. W. Jolly,
Marconi
(New York: Stein & Day, 1972), pp. 65-66.

17. Recent biographers, such as Hunt and Draper, attributed the impulses to “radio waves coming from the stars” or to pulsars. Tesla researcher Prof. James Corum suggests that he may have intercepted pulsed frequencies emanating from Jupiter or “the morning chorus,” which are charged particles that “slosh back and forth between the North and South poles in the early morning.” Additional possibilities include other natural phenomena associated with the lightning storms or telluric currents, faulty equipment, or self-delusion.

18. NT. Interplanetary communication. EW, September 9, 1921, p. 620.

19. R. Conot,
Streak of Luck: The Life Story of Edison
(N.Y.: Bantam Books, 1981), pp. 415-17.

20. Charles Batchelor, papers [TAE].

21. R. Conot,
Streak of Luck,
pp. 415-17.

22. Julian Hawthorne, “And How Will Tesla Respond to Those Signals From Mars?”
Philadelphia North American,
1901 [BLCA].

23. Ibid.

24. Anonymous, “Mr. Tesla’s Science,”
Popular Science Monthly,
February 1901, pp. 436-37.The Tesla quotes are from NT, “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,”
Century,
June 1900.

25. NT to U.S. Navy, September 16, 1916 [NAR].

26. Francis J. Higginson to NT, May 11, 1899 [NAR].

27. NT to U.S. Navy, July 11, 1899 [NAR].

28. Ibid., August 20, 1899.

29. Ibid., September 14, 1899.

30. Ibid., September 27, 1899.

1. NT, “Tesla’s reply to Edison,”
English Mechanic & World Science,
July 14, 1905, p. 515, in
Tesla Said,
pp. 88-89.