Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (175 page)

“unexpected heavy rains”: To Stalin, Feb. 22, 1943.

“You will recall that you and Mr. Churchill”: From Stalin, March 16, 1943.

CHAPTER
50

“The abolition of the extraterritorial system”: Message to Senate, Feb. 1, 1943.

“Nations, like individuals, make mistakes”: Message to Congress, Oct. 11, 1943.

“workers should not be discriminated against”: Message to Congress, Sept. 13, 1940.

“the policy of the War Department”: D. Kennedy, 766.

“I feel very strongly…Get it stopped”: Lash, 534.

“I replied that there would be no violence”: Jervis Anderson,
A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait
(1973), 255.

“Walter, how many people will
really
march?”: Ibid., 257–58; White,
A Man Called White,
190–92.

“I do hereby reaffirm the policy”: Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941.

“We’ll destroy every zoot suit”:
Los Angeles Times,
June 8 and 10, 1943.

“Anthony spent three evenings with me”: To Churchill, March 17, 1943.

“a good deal of resistance…German public opinion”: Hopkins memo, March 15, 1943,
FRUS: 1943,
vol. 3.

“This body should be world-wide…on our side”: Hopkins memo, March 27, 1943,
FRUS: 1943,
vol. 3.

“I fear it will be the same story over again”: Stimson diary, May 10, 1943.

“The United States accepts the strategic concept”: Memo by Joint Chiefs, undated,
FRUS: Washington and Quebec,
222.

“emphasis and priority…spring of 1944”: Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes, May 12, 1943,
FRUS: Washington and Quebec.

“invariably created a vacuum…until 1945 or 1946”: Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes, May 13, 1943,
FRUS: Washington and Quebec.

“every day a day in which we have toiled…hideous facts”:
New York Times,
May 20, 1943.

“Mr. President, what is your reaction”: Press conference, July 27, 1943.

“the moronic little king”:
New York Times,
July 27, 1943.

“Neither of us”: Press conference, July 27, 1943.

“The first crack in the Axis has come”: Fireside Chat, July 28, 1943.

“We still have to knock out”: Ibid.

“It seems highly probable”: To Churchill, July 30, 1943.

“It is for their responsible government…on which to act:”: From Churchill, July 29 and 30, 1943.

“I told the press today”: To Churchill, July 30, 1943.

“My position is that once Mussolini”: From Churchill, July 31, 1943.

“Poor Eisenhower is getting pretty harassed…than a master”: Ambrose,
Eisenhower,
1:254–55.

“Now is the time for every Italian”: Joint statement by Roosevelt and Churchill, Sept. 10, 1943.

“We are in for some very tough fighting”: Ambrose,
Eisenhower,
1:263.

CHAPTER
51

“Heavy following seas”…3806 miles”: Log of President’s Trip, Nov. 12–19, 1942,
FRUS: Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943.

“Peanut is really no dictator”: Joseph W. Stilwell,
The Stilwell Papers,
ed. Theodore H. White (1991 ed.), 197.

“I was impressed by his calm”: Churchill, 4:328.

“President Roosevelt expressed his view”: Chinese summary of Nov. 23 meeting,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Let us make it a family affair…the President more gay”: Churchill, 4:340–41.

“From the air we sighted train loads”: Log, Nov. 27, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“nervous time”: Sherwood, 776.

“If anything like that were to happen”: Churchill, 4:343–44.

“I am glad to see you”: Charles Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin meeting, Nov. 28, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“I reflected on Stalin’s fluency”: Charles E. Bohlen,
Witness to History, 1929–1969
(1973), 142–43.

“The Chinese have fought very badly…would mean revolution”: Bohlen minutes, Nov. 28, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“We are sitting around this table…and northern France”: Bohlen minutes and Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 28, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“unbelievable quantity of food”: Bohlen,
Witness to History,
147.

“rotten to the core…of German capitulation”: Bohlen minutes and supplementary memorandum of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 28, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Roosevelt was about to say something else”: Bohlen,
Witness to History,
143–44.

“You know, the Russians are interesting people”: Perkins, 83–84.

“The most notable feature of the dinner”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 29, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“There are six to seven million Americans”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin meeting, Dec. 1, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Ike, you and I know who was the Chief of Staff”: Sherwood, 770.

“We are engaged in a global war…if we keep him here”: Pogue,
George C. Marshall,
3:272–73.

“Hopkins came to see me…‘out of the country’”: Sherwood, 803.

“Who will command Overlord?”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin meeting, Nov. 29, 1943,
FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Well, Ike”: Eric Larabee,
Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War
(1987), 438.

CHAPTER
52

“Resolved”:
New York Times,
Nov. 6, 1943.

“the necessity of establishing”:
Washington Post,
Nov. 2, 1943.

“William Bullitt, stand where you are…‘go
down there
!’”: Burns, 2:350; Benjamin Welles,
Sumner Welles: FDR’s Global Strategist
(1997), 343–45.

“The President asked me to see him…more value than anyone”: Welles,
Sumner Welles,
347–49.

“Cut his throat”: Ibid., 354.

“I do not remember ever seeing the President”: Rosenman, 411.

“We had an awfully good time”: Press conference, Dec. 17, 1943.

“Would you care to express any opinion”: Press conference, Dec. 28, 1943.

“We have come to a clear realization…here at home”: State of the Union address, Jan. 11, 1944.

“Within the past few weeks”: Fireside Chat, Dec. 24, 1943.

“These are not mere strikes”: Press conference, April 29, 1943.

“The action of the leaders of the United Mine Workers”: Statement, June 23, 1943.

87 percent…“coal-black soul!”: D. Kennedy, 643.

“For the entire year of 1942”: Veto message, June 25, 1943.

“Railroad strikes by three brotherhoods”: Executive Order 9412, Dec. 27, 1943.

“they and the organizations they represent”:
Washington Post,
Dec. 30, 1943.

“I hereby charge that the responsibility”: Ibid., Jan. 4, 1944.

CHAPTER
53

“We Jews of America”: Henry Morgenthau,
All in a Lifetime
(1922), 404.

“Citizens, regardless of religious allegiance”:
New York Times,
July 22, 1942.

“taken proportions and forms”: Statement on Axis crimes, Aug. 21, 1942.

“Unless action is taken immediately”: David S. Wyman,
The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945
(1984), 72–73.

“the President said that he was profoundly shocked”:
New York Times,
Dec. 9, 1942.

“From all the occupied countries”:
New York Times,
Dec. 18, 1942.

“cease to exist…we shall win the war”:
New York Times,
July 15, 2000; Michael Beschloss,
The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman, and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1941–1945
(2002), 40.

“One of the greatest crimes in history”: “Personal Report to the President,” Jan. 16, 1944, FDRL; Morgenthau memo, Jan. 16, 1944, FDRL.

“all measures within its power”: Executive Order 9417, Jan. 22, 1944.

“In one of the blackest crimes of all history”: Statement on war refugees, March 24, 1944.

“the Boss was not disposed to”:
Washington Post,
April 17, 1983.

“We’ll be accused of participating”: Beschloss,
Conquerors,
66.

“Yesterday, on June 4”: Fireside Chat, June 5, 1944.

“My Lord! All smiles, all smiles!”: Press conference, June 6, 1944.

“I think we have these Huns”: Pogue,
George C. Marshall,
3:391.

“an unheard-of achievement”: Headnote to Stalin to Roosevelt, June 6, 1944.

“It rejoices all of us”: From Stalin, June 7, 1944.

“It is remarkable”: From Churchill, June 7, 1944.

“He may visit Washington”: To Churchill, June 9, 1944.

“While I know that the chief interest tonight”: Fireside Chat, June 12, 1944.

“Every one of our sons”: To Robert Hannegan, July 11, 1944.

“The easiest way of putting it is this”: To Jackson, July 14, 1944.

“very happy”:
New York Times,
July 18, 1944.

“You have written me about Harry Truman”: To Hannegan, July 19, 1944.

“Hell, I don’t want to be president…in the first place?”: David McCullough,
Truman
(1992), 308–14; Merle Miller,
Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman
(1974), 181–82.

“You don’t know how very much”:
New York Times,
July 22, 1944.

“I shall not campaign, in the usual sense”: Message to the Democratic convention, July 20, 1944.

“The humiliation of forcing me”: Larabee,
Commander in Chief,
342–43.

“One officer was conspicuously absent…worried to distraction”: Rosenman, 456–59.

“Well, Douglas”: Larabee,
Commander in Chief,
343–44.

“Give me an aspirin”: William Manchester,
American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964
(1978), 427.

“When General MacArthur was about to leave”: Press conference, July 29, 1944.

CHAPTER
54

“I was shocked by his appearance”: Sherwood, 821.

“He appeared to be very tired”: Howard G. Bruenn, “Clinical Notes on the Illness and Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt,”
Annals of Internal Medicine
(1970), 579–91; Memo to Harper, undated, FDRL.

“This memorandum was rejected…and current events”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

“What would you think about our inviting”: Goodwin, 517.

“They were occasions which I welcomed”: Anna Roosevelt Halsted manuscript, undated, FDRL.

“I had really a grand time”: Jean Edward Smith,
FDR
(2007), 606–07.

“He slept soundly and ate well”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

a low-fat diet: “Special Diet for the President,” undated, FDRL.

“As usually happens…his normal, robust appearance”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes” McIntire notes of FDR’s vital signs, Sept. 20–Oct. 4, 1944, FDRL.

“You hear them everywhere you go”:
Washington Post,
Oct. 28, 1944.

“good, very good”:
New York Times,
Sept. 26, 1944.

“The President’s health is perfectly O.K.”: Ibid., Oct. 13, 1944.

“even more than the usual crop”: Radio address, Nov. 2, 1944.

“You ought to hear him”: Sherwood, 821.

“Imitation may be”: Address, Sept. 23, 1944.

“Al Smith had qualities of heart”: Statement, Oct. 4, 1944.

“doubly hypothetical surmise”: Sherwood, 830.

“tremendous courage”: Statement, Oct. 8, 1944.

“It’s just a precaution…of righteous victory!”: William B. Brewer,
Retaking the Philippines: America’s Return to Corregidor and Bataan, July 1944–March 1945
(1986), 46–50; Douglas MacArthur,
A Soldier Speaks: Public Papers and Speeches of General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur,
ed. Vorin E. Whan Jr. (1965), 132–33.

“Please excuse this scribble”: Douglas MacArthur,
Reminiscences
(1964), 216–18.

“The whole American nation today exults”: Statement to MacArthur, Oct. 20, 1944.

“The power which this nation”: Address, Oct. 21, 1944.

CHAPTER
55

“Dearest Franklin”: Lash, 713.

“I offered a way”: ER, 2:250.

“One feels”: ER trip diary, Oct. 30, 1942, FDRL.