Read The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America Online
Authors: Douglas Brinkley
My indispensable research associate for the past two years has been Stone Weeks. Stone’s father, Linton Weeks of National Public Radio, has been a longtime acquaintance of mine. One afternoon, he telephoned me about grabbing a cup of coffee with his twenty-two-year-old son Stone, who was poised to graduate from the University of Delaware. I said, “Sure.” After meeting Stone in New Orleans, I was deeply impressed by his intellect, drive, and computer skills. Rice University president David Leebron hired him to be my personal assistant on this book, and we’ve worked closely together over the last two years. An Internet wizard, he helped me track down obscure books, academic articles, and interlibrary loan titles. During the manuscript preparation phase he was exemplary. He became like family. The world can expect great things from him in the coming decades.
As always, my most profound gratitude is reserved for my wife, Anne, who shared this adventure into T.R.’s America every step of the way. When other families were visiting Disneyland, the Brinkleys spent their summers at Roosevelt sites such as Muir Woods, Mesa Verde, Crater Lake, and Ocala National Forest. Together, Anne and
I have tried to bring nature into our children’s lives. Our backyard in Austin is full of wildlife—a family of deer lives in our mesquite forest, and a raccoon mother recently gave birth to a kit under my daughter Cassady’s bedroom. Weekly we jog around Lady Bird Lake in Zilker Park, looking for great blue heron and wood duck. Like pied pipers, whenever we have free time, we march Benton, Johnny, and Cassady to the Wild Basin just down Highway 360 to hunt for pinecones and smooth rocks near the magical waterfall. These regular family outings have convinced me that Theodore Roosevelt was right: we all need to bring nature into our daily lives.
Austin, Texas
April 12, 2009
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.
Abbey, Edward, 19, 467, 764
Abernathy, Jack (Catch’Em Alive), 592–94, 618–24, 641
appointed U.S. federal marshall, 621, 622–23
movie about, 621–22
T.R.’s wolf coursing with, 308, 592–94, 599–608, 616, 618–22, 745
T.R.’s writing about, 620–21
White House visit of, 612, 620
Absaroka Forest Reserve, 472n
Adams, Ansel, 450
Adams, Brooks, 297
Adams, Charles Francis, 101
Adams, Henry, 57
n
, 228, 247, 342
T.R. criticized by, 227, 266, 313
Adams, John (Grizzly), 444
Adams, John Quincy, 3, 737, 787
Adirondack National Park, 237, 307–8, 339, 372, 772
Adirondacks, 5, 103–8, 161, 339, 344–47, 351, 357, 359
Pinchot in, 342, 345–47
speed-logging in, 236–37
T.R. in, 39–40, 70–73, 103–6, 108, 353, 392–96
Adventures in Bird Protection
(Pearson), 479
Adventures in the Wilderness; Or Camp-Life in the Adirondacks
(Murray), 39–40
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
(Twain), 703
Afognak Island Forest and Fish Culture Reserve, 77
Africa, 24–25, 147
n
, 308, 656
T.R.’s travels in, 412, 702, 733–34, 762–64, 774, 779–80, 794–95, 808, 815
African-Americans:
Benga episode and, 658
“Brer Rabbit” stories of, 82
as buffalo soldiers, 444
in Confederate Army, 435
discrimination against, 41–42
lynching of, 433, 441
in Mississippi, 433–42,
436
, 585–86
as slaves, 27, 34, 435, 436
T.R.’s relations with, 404–6,
405
, 431–34, 441, 442, 572, 582, 617
African Game Trails
(Roosevelt), 764, 794
African Nature
(Selous), 762
Agassiz, Alexander, 299, 445
Agassiz, Louis, 43, 101–2, 103, 143, 283, 299
n
Age of Reason, The
(Paine), 48
Agricultural Appropriations Act (1907), 580
agriculture, 92, 425, 433–34, 667, 746, 748
Country Life Commission and, 783–85, 787
fires and, 664
in Florida, 480
in Midwest, 129, 133, 134
in Nebraska, 468–69
Agriculture Department, U.S. (USDA), 210, 214–16, 247, 398, 468, 499, 662, 664, 670, 799
Alaska and, 321, 564
Breton Island and, 570, 571
buffalo repopulation and, 277–78
Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy at, 214–15, 288, 298, 616n;
see also
Biological Survey, U.S.
Forestry Division in, 238–39, 342, 345, 372, 400, 422
Luquillo forest and, 446, 447, 449
Pelican Island and, 13–14, 16, 492–94
transfer of forest reserves to, 356, 422, 579, 663;
see also
Forest Service, U.S.
T.R.’s praise for, 410
Yearbook
of, 12, 492, 785
Akeley, Carl, 763, 764
Alabama, 731, 733
Alaska, 21, 76–77, 242, 284, 294, 320, 469–73, 520, 562–65, 575, 806–7
bears in, 300
gold discovered in, 293
Merriam in expedition to, 300, 385, 469, 562, 563, 675
Muir in, 469, 541
seals of, 76–77, 216, 284, 564, 579, 651–54, 721–22
Albany, N.Y., 49, 86, 88
T.R. in, 142, 147, 166, 168, 336–39, 342–47, 351, 355, 356, 361–62, 772
albatross, 566, 739
Albuquerque, N.Mex., 524–25, 786–87
Alder, Jacker, 538
Aleutian Islands, 652, 653
Alexander Archipelago National Forest Reserve, 469–73, 564, 806
Alexander the Great, 770
Alexandria, 55–56
Alfonso XII, King of Spain, 446
Alger, Russell, 313, 332
Allegheny, 129, 199, 373
Allen, Charles Herbert, 446
Allen, Ethan, 39
Allen, J. A., 156
alligators, 733–34
“Alligator Shooting in Florida” (Murphy), 733
Amazon, 22, 247, 445–46, 541, 702
America Horse, 581
American Big-Game Hunting
(Roosevelt and Grinnell, eds.), 259–65, 284, 285, 378
American Big Game in Its Haunts
(Grinnell, ed.), 555
American Birds
(Finley), 550, 744
American Bison Society (ABS), 285, 625, 627, 628, 778
American-British fur seal commission, 215–16
American Civic Association, 568
American Earth
(McKibben, ed.), 19
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 635
“American Forests, The” (Muir), 292, 410
American Historical Association, 231, 554
American Ideals
(Roosevelt), 319
American Museum of Natural History, 1–2, 15, 43–45, 65, 294, 584, 669, 780
Burroughs’s views on, 219
founding of, 2,
42
, 43–44, 63, 145, 202
opening of, 44–45
Southwest and, 415
taxidermy at, 44, 45, 55, 333, 485, 490
T.R.’s donations to, 45, 145, 146
American Ornithologists Union (AOU), 214, 363, 366, 367, 417, 571–72, 714, 801
Florida birds and, 12, 13–14, 491, 495, 496, 738, 739
Protection of North American Birds Committee of, 363–64
T.R.’s report for, 686
American Prairie Foundation, 235
American Scenic and History Preservation Society, 414, 765
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), 49–52, 288
Ammál (Kootenai Indian), 209–10
Among the Water-Fowl
(Job), 711
anarchists, anarchy, 95, 391, 408, 636
Anasazi, 19, 414–15, 462, 644, 656, 781
Andersen, Hans Christian, 63, 478
Anderson, George S., 263, 269, 270, 272
Anglo-Saxon race, 331
animals, 24
humans as, 350
neglect or abuse of, 37–38, 42, 46, 48, 49–52, 55, 59, 316, 327, 465
protection of, 42, 45, 46–53, 59, 142, 201–2, 206, 288, 316, 327, 702
Rough Riders’ mascots and, 324–27,
326,
332–33
slaughtering of, 47, 59, 136, 154–55, 186–88, 201
stories about, 82, 387, 437
truthful writing about, 387–88, 504–5, 781–83
see also specific animals
antelope, 150, 157, 169, 184, 195, 213, 232, 273–74, 512
at Bronx Zoo, 279
conservation of, 6, 183, 206, 406, 629
pronghorn, 9, 180, 199, 206, 263, 411, 529
slaughter of, 189
antilynching laws, 433, 441
Antiquities Act (1906), 414, 642–49, 663, 670, 679, 689–90, 691, 754–59, 761, 776, 810
bird reservations and, 712
Fulton’s views on, 676–77
Grand Canyon and, 224, 755–57
Lacey’s work for, 416, 642–49, 688
passing of, 645, 656, 661
antitrust laws, 634, 685
ants, 28–29, 161, 322
Apache, 74, 195, 315, 509–10, 581, 586, 587, 590, 591, 595, 660
Apache National forest, 399
apes, 25, 60, 207, 388–89
Appalachians, 667, 684, 758
“Arab Courier Attacked by Lion” exhibit, 54–55
Arapaho, 591, 632
Arbor Day, 683–84,
685
, 790
Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, 488
architecture, 44, 257–58, 414, 415, 781
Arctic Circle, 418, 702
aristocracy, 42, 43
hunting and, 3–5, 136, 182, 204, 440
Aristotle, 60
Arizona, 224, 243, 245, 290, 294, 397–400, 422, 543, 575, 623, 663, 738
bird reservations in, 20
Coues in, 95–96
Cuba in, 333
Great Loop tour in, 508, 525–29,
526
Merriam’s focus on, 215, 306
mining in, 451, 650
national monuments in, 707, 754–58, 775, 776, 781
Native Americans in, 241, 280, 451, 755, 756
prehistoric sites in, 294, 414, 616, 644, 755–56
Rough Riders and, 314, 331, 403, 756, 775–76
statehood for, 354
n
, 635, 649–50
T.R. in,
xviii
, 20
Arizona Antiquities Association, 671
Arizona Rangers, 775–76
Arkansas, 287
n
, 569
Arkansas River, 73, 129
Army, U.S., 248, 271, 286, 288, 371, 398, 450, 531, 611, 775, 809
buffalo slaughtered by, 604
California earthquake and, 637, 638
Native Americans and, 255, 590–91, 628
Yellowstone and, 231, 270, 272, 400, 507, 512, 514
Yosemite and, 537
Army Corps of Engineers, U.S., 693, 701
Arnold, Matthew, 192
arsenic, 54, 59, 60, 71, 363
Arthur, Chester, 268, 364
Ascent of the Mattern, The
(Whymper), 140
aspens, 250
Aspinwall, John, 33
Associated Press (AP), 384–85, 404, 576
Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, 691–92
Astor, John Jacob, 202, 620
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe railway, 259, 398, 524, 675
Atlantic Flyway, 360
Atlantic Monthly,
4, 82, 292, 298n, 410, 542
Burroughs’s article in, 504, 505
T.R.’s work reviewed in, 228, 229
Atlantic Ocean, 29, 35, 53–54, 482, 721
in Maine, 125, 126
Audubon, John James,
23
, 38, 68, 96, 101, 102, 206, 263, 364, 394, 485, 554, 687
Baird respected by, 144
Bell’s relationship with, 54, 55
buffalo drawn by,
277
on buffalo slaughter, 187
Burroughs and, 220, 221
in Florida, 4, 89, 481, 710, 724
Grinnell influenced by, 187
hunting of, 4, 58–59
in Louisiana, 700
T.R. influenced by, 28,
34
, 55, 60, 67, 73, 99, 182, 249
Audubon, Lucy, 187
Audubon
(boat), 495, 497
Audubon
(magazine), 3, 358
Audubon Society, 12
n
, 259, 304
n
, 361, 363, 499, 678, 715, 720, 727, 745, 801
Dutcher as head of, 744
founding of, 10, 189, 202, 214
McLeod and, 729
name changes of, 720
n
state, 11, 12
n
, 304, 366, 408, 411, 473, 570, 714
T.R.’s sympathy for, 1–2, 11, 189, 499
Watch List of, 73
see also specific states
auks, 9, 205, 362
Austria, 59–60
Autobiography, An
(Roosevelt), 17–18, 29, 34, 214, 422, 424, 578, 679
Bureau of Forestry in, 411
hazing incident in, 93
O’Neill in, 143
Reid in, 28
Theodore, Sr. in, 42, 43, 67
T.R.’s ambition in, 99
wife Alice left out of, 167
wildlife protection achievements in, 721
Yosemite in, 538
Autobiography of a Bird-Lover
(Chapman), 15
automobiles, 375, 384, 396, 576, 685–86, 784, 809
Avery Island, 695
Aztecs, 415, 671
Bacon, Francis, 273
Bacon, Secretary of State, 804
badgers, 311, 523, 552–53, 557–58
Badlands, 129, 150–65, 167–71, 175–81,
178
, 184, 189–200, 251, 263, 274, 280, 375, 379
bad weather in, 160–61, 178–79, 196–97
birds in, 158
boat theft in, 191–93,
192
buffalo hunting in, 150–52, 154–55, 157–58, 160–65
creeks in, 158,
159
description of, 149, 152–53, 156, 158, 160–61
“grand holiday” to, 230, 232–33
origin of name, 153, 156
T.R.’s new status in, 193
T.R.’s writing style influenced by, 175
Baier, Lowell, 194
Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 783–84
Baillie-Grohman, William Adolph, 373–74
Baird, Spencer Fullerton, 28, 37, 99, 108, 228, 245
background of, 143–44
Merriam’s meeting with, 107
R.B.R.’s correspondence with, 90, 91, 143
at Smithsonian, 143–46, 210, 215
T.R. compared with, 246
“Balaam and Pedro” (Wister), 316
Balfour, Arthur James, 576
Balfour, Graham, 385
Ballinger, Richard A., 810
Bangs, Outram, 722
Baptist Church, 658, 659