The Truth Machine (48 page)

Inbau, Fred,
128
,
134
,
139
,
151
,
167
,
184

inspiration-expiration ratio,
115

Institute for Juvenile Research (Chicago),
165

intelligence tests,
107

“Jack the Ripper” murders,
77

Jastrow, Joseph,
38
,
70

Johnston, Alva,
150

Johnstone, Edward R.,
106
,
107

Jung, Carl,
96
,
97
,
98
,
99
,
131
,
158

Juska, Edward,
138

Kant, Immanuel,
55

Keeler, Charles Augustus,
161
–62,
164
,
165

Keeler, Eloise,
120
,
126
,
136
,
154
,
166
–69

Keeler, Leonarde: in
Call Northside 777,
172

canary murder case,
166

charismatic authority of,
172

correspondence with August Vollmer,
128
–29,
140
,
164
,
169
–72

fame of,
154
,
170
–72

and Hollywood,
164
,
172

as inventor of lie detector,
117
–18,
120
,
124
,
125
,
131
,
133
,
138
,
144
,
154
,
168
,
175
–76,
182

and lie detector business,
171
–72,
182
,
184

lie detector technique of,
142
,
143
,
144
,
154

on Marston,
128
–29,
131

patent on lie detector,
133
,
165
,
223
n79,
223
n83

in photographs of lie detector tests,
136
,
142
,
144
,
150
,
165
,
168

public recognition for work of,
167

and Rappaport case,
142
–43,
144
,
147
,
174
–77

relationship with Fred Inbau,
130

relationship with John Larson,
128
,
130
,
140
,
184

relationship with August Vollmer,
164
(see also
correspondence with August Vollmer)

youth of,
162
,
164

Keeler Polygraph,
149

in magazine articles,
135
,
138
,
140
,
145
,
154
,
166
,
168
,
171
,
172

synonymous with lie detector,
128
,
137
,
149
,
165
,
167
,
183

Kellor, Frances,
87
–93,
180
,
214
n91

kimegraph,
121

Kipling, Rudyard,
78

kissing,
44

Klein, Charles,
225
n13

Koch, Julius,
27

Kraepelin, Emil,
27

Kurella, Hans,
27
,
47

kymograph,
91
,
115
,
127
,
180

Lacassagne, Alexandre,
24
,
25

Lapicque, Louis,
105

Larson, John Augustus,
116
–18,
120
,
122
–25,
128
–33,
139
,
140
,
148
,
150
,
183
–84,
186

relationship with Leonarde Keeler,
128
,
130
,
140
,
184

relationship with August Vollmer,
164

Lavine, Emanuel H.,
135

Lee, C. D.,
130

Leibowitz, Samuel,
148

Leonarde Keeler, Inc.,
171

Leonarde Keeler Polygraph Institute,
5

Lewis, A. A.,
143
,
146

lie detector: accuracy statistics of,
138
,
139

aim to produce confessions,
177

as alternative legal system,
147
,
180
,
183
,
191
,
218
n109

animosity between pioneers,
128
–31

as black box,
124
,
140
,
142
–43,
183

conditions of possibility for,
192

as contradictory discourse,
5
,
151
,
177
,
181
–85,
188

discursive architecture of,
183

as dream of criminology,
148

emergence of,
179
,
180
–82

as erotic scene,
152
,
186

fails with certain subjects,
147

first use of term,
95
,
108
,
124
,
182

as function of privileging of the lie,
124
–25

as gendered practice,
2
,
151

images of,
150

interest of popular press in,
137
,
151
–52

intimidating reputation of,
141
,
148
,
183

invention of,
115
,
117
,
120
,
124
,
172

as invention,
124
,
126
,
131
,
133
,
135
,
137
,
176
,
182
,
224
n113

inventor of,
116
–33,
173
,
182

in law court,
155
,
229
n5; “male gaze” of,
148
–50

mystique surrounding,
127
,
137
,
140
,
141
,
173
,
188

myth of invention of,
173
,
182
,
224
n113

naming of,
125

as opposite of “third degree,”
164
,
168
,
183

as popular culture construction,
172
,
180

as possessing agency,
145

as possessing magical properties,
143
–44,
172
,
183

price of,
171

as public relations tool,
168

to solve romantic problems,
160
,
183
,
184
,
186

as tool of medical diagnosis,
184
,
186

volunteering to take test,
146

women as ideal subjects of,
151

lietector,
125

Lindbergh baby kidnapping,
5
,
146
,
159
,
166

Lombroso, Cesare: ambitions for criminology,
20
–21

charismatic authority of,
46
–50,
178

discusses politics,
26
,
32

as father of criminology,
20
,
31
,
46
,
134

and female offenders (see
Female Offender);
on genius,
43
,
82

Homo criminalis
(L'uomo delinquent),
21
,
22
,
27
,
47

on hysterica,
56

influence of,
34
–38,
41
,
46
,
47
,
78
,
80
–83,
101
,
105

influences on,
21
,
22
,
41
,
68
,
78
,
178

and instrumentation,
18
,
68
,
70
,
72
–73

rhetorical modes of,
42
–46,
48
,
178

role in creating criminal anthropology,
18
,
30
–38,
41
,
47
,
178

theory criticized,
25
,
28
,
37
,
38
,
45
,
83
–85,
88
–89,
110

theory of the born criminal,
18
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
49
,
64
,
66
,
70
,
177

Lombroso-Ferrero, Gina,
44

Londes, Nick,
146

Lopez, Marquita,
156

Ludwig, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm,
67

L'uomo delinquent.
See
Criminal Man
(Lombroso)

Lydson, G. Frank,
40

lying,
75
,
181

Lykken, David,
2

MacDonald, Arthur,
40
,
69
,
73
,
84
–85,
88
,
105

MacHarg, William,
110
,
112
,
117
,
142
,
180

Mackenzie, George S.,
16

Mantegazza, Paolo,
61
,
88

Marat, Jean-Paul,
42

Marconi, Guglielmo,
127

Marey, Étienne-Jules,
67
,
71

Marston, William Moulton: charisma of,
154
,
155
,
159
,
182
–83

creates
Wonder Woman,
158
,
172
,
185

criticized notion of invention,
126
,
133

dominance and submission theory of,
156
,
158
,
185

FBI file on,
230
n22

as inventor of lie detector,
117
–21,
131
,
132
,
155
,
158
,
172
,
182

on Keeler,
128

lie detector technique of,
122
–24,
139
,
147
,
150
,
158

The Lie Detector Test
(1938),
118
,
122
,
128
,
129
,
135
–36,
159
,
184

managed lie detector's contradictions,
184
–86

offers Hauptmann a lie detector test,
146

as popular psychologist,
156
–58,
184

against “third degree,”
137

use of lie detector extended beyond crime,
154
–55,
160
–61,
184
–86

uses lie detector in court of law,
120
,
155

on women as ideal subjects,
151

work criticized by others,
130
,
139
,
184

Marston Systolic Blood Pressure Deception Test,
120
–23,
126
,
139
,
149
,
155
–57,
159

Marzolo, Paolo,
21
,
41

Massee, Burt,
165
,
170

Matté, James Allen,
151

Maudsley, Henry,
17
,
19
,
55
,
57
,
59
,
76

Mayhew, Henry,
10
,
18
,
24
,
33
,
65
–66

McCarty, Dwight G.,
120

McKim, W. Duncan,
40

McLaughlin, John,
177

McLean Hamilton, Allan,
95
,
96
,
104

Mead, Syd,
190

Mendaxophone,
100

mistrust, between lie detector pioneers,
131
,
184

Mobile Crime Detection Laboratory,
167

Moffett, Cleveland,
115
,
180

Montaigne, Michel de,
53

Montero, Dorado,
46

moral insanity,
11
,
41

Morel, Bénédict Augustin,
10
–11,
21

moron,
108
,
147

Morrison, William D.,
36
–37,
83
–84

Mosso, Angelo,
67
,
73
,
132
,
134

Müller, E. K.,
97

Münsterberg, Hugo,
99
–104,
111
,
113
,
115
,
120
,
126
,
131
,
132
,
137
,
157
–58,
225
n13

Musolino, Guiseppe,
43

Näcke, Paul,
27

National Committee for Mental Hygiene,
155

Niceforo, Alfredo,
58

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
51
,
53
,
56
,
174
,
189

Nordau, Max,
46

Olson, Walter,
165

Orchard, Harry (Albert Horsley),
102
,
103
,
131

Ottolenghi, Salvatore,
20
–21,
43
,
59
,
60
,
65

Owen, M. E.,
66

Panizza, Bartolomeo,
21

Panopticon,
187

Parsons, Philip A.,
40

Partridge, George Everett,
66

Pearson, Karl,
25

penal policy,
8
,
20

penology,
20
,
33
,
40