The Red Flag: A History of Communism (132 page)

hybrid approach towards Asia,
238–9

impact of brother’s execution,
74–5

impact on of Chernyshevskii’s novel,
75

move from Radical to Modernist Marxism,
62–3
,
93–5

New Economic Policy,
99–100

and radicalism in the West,
113

in St Petersburg 1893,
75

Stalin’s work with before 1917,
138

State and Revolution,
85–6

and war communism,
97

workers’ democracy and ‘class struggle’,
90–92

on workers running the state,
85–6

writers influencing,
79

Li Dazhao,
241–2

liberalism,
xv–xvi

during the Cold War,
231

in USSR during Second World War,
206–7

liberalization,
see
economic reforms

literature, 1950s,
339–41

Lithuania,
548

Litveiko, Anna,
84
,
90

Liu Shaoqi,
263
,
297–8

Long March,
255

Low Intensity Conflict,
528–31

Lu Xun,
239–40
,
244

Lukács, György,
110–11

Luxemburg, Rosa,
58
,
112–13
,
118

Lyon silk-workers uprising,
32–3

Lysenko, Trofim,
281

Machel, Samora,
472
,
478

Malaia Zemlia, cult of,
430

Malaysia,
271–2

Malenkov, Georgii,
324–6
,
328

Malraux, André,
197

Man of Straw
(Mann),
109

managers

as evading central control,
173–4

relations with workers,
438–41
,
442–3

self-criticism by,
149–50

theft of economy by,
541

Mann, Heinrich,
109

Manufacture of Paris,
11

Mao Zedong

army service,
251

background,
249

compared to Stalin,
250

controlled liberalization attempt,
352–3

cult of,
367–8

Cultural Revolution,
358–69

education,
251

foundation of People’s Republic,
266

Great Leap Forward,
353–7

guerrilla ‘people’s war’,
253–4

leadership during Second World War,
256

Long March,
255

Marxism of,
257–8

meeting with Nixon 1972,
450

as private figure,
250–51

rectification,
259–61

response to Khrushchev and Secret Speech,
351

revolutionary role for the peasantry,
252–3

solutions for China’s decline,
251–2

unhappiness with inequalities,
352
,
358

visit to USSR 1949,
294–6

Xiang River Review
(journal),
235

in the Yan’an region of China,
256–7

Maoism

in Albania,
409

attraction of for New Left,
464

Marcos, Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente,
568–9

Marcuse, Herbert,
457–8

Maréchal, Sylvain,
7

Marighella, Carlos,
467

Markovič, Ante,
551

Marquet, Albert,
197

Marshall Plan,
223–5
,
227

Martin, Kingsley,
196

Marx, Heinrich,
23
,
24

Marx, Karl

collaboration with Engels,
26–7

compared to Fourier,
28

early influences,
23–4

economics as force for Communism,
38–9

on failure of the Jacobins,
17

father,
23
,
24

First International,
41–2

freedom as primary interest,
27

high Romanticism of as student,
24–5

initial radicalism,
25–6

lessons learned from Jacobins,
15

originality of,
17–18

praise for capitalism and globalization,
29–30

Prometheanism,
xxiii–xxiv

renewed interest in,
xvi

and revolution(s) across Europe 1847–9,
34

Marxism

adaptation of ideas from,
xxi

as adopted by Russian socialists,
72–3

in Africa,
394–5
,
396–8

Bernstein’s revisionism,
55–7

and the church,
45

conflict with anarchism,
41–2

in Cuba,
386–9

difficulties embedding in Asia,
243–4

economic life under,
28

as emotional sustenance,
265

in Ethiopia, influence from the West,
482

foreign affairs as destroying unity,
58–60

forms of,
xxiv–xxv

foundational flaw of,
30–31

foundations of,
27–31

in Germany,
46

and imperialism and nationalism,
58–9

influence on Prague Spring,
426

Western intellectuals, appeal for during First World War,
109–12

Kautskian,
53–5
,
73

in liberal/illiberal countries,
44–5

of Mao Zedong,
257–8

as modern rather than backward,
29

modernist,
40
,
42–3
,
62–3
,
72

Romantic,
463

route map to Communism,
40–41

Russian revolutionaries attraction to,
71–2

scientific approach to,
38–9

and Stalin,
137

May 30th movement, China,
248

Mayombe
(Pepetela),
395

McCarthyism,
230

Measure Taken, The
(Brecht),
120–21

media themes of attack by USSR,
527

Mengistu Haile Mariam,
483
,
485–6
,
547

Mexico,
568–9

Michnik, Adam,
519

Middle East,
471–2
,
475

Mikoian, Anastas,
384

Millerand, Alexandre,
55

Mills, Wright,
459

Miloševic, Slobodan,
551–2

Mi
osz, Czes
aw,
286–7

miners in South Wales,
128

Mini-manual of an Urban Guerrilla
(Marighella),
467

Mississippi Summer, United States,
454–5

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