The Passport in America: The History of a Document (67 page)

Mormons,
12
,
157

mug shots,
10
,
84
,
88

mutilated passports,
25

names,
43
–53.
See also
manifests; signatures; surnames

affidavit establishing relationship between different,
48

Anglicized,
47
–48

baptismal,
44

changes,
45
,
47
–48,
51

cultural specificity of,
45
–47

defined,
51

different on naturalization certificate
vs
. application,
43
–44

different spellings for,
43
–47,
97

family,
44
,
46
,
47
–49,
51

first,
44

gender and,
49
,
50

maiden,
50
–53

marriage, in China,
46

misspelling of, inability to read handwriting causing,
268
n1

money and,
37

recordings of,
45

religious,
53

stabilization of,
44
–45,
48
,
50

standardized spelling of,
9

State Department on,
9
,
47
,
50
–52

as symbol of membership,
47
,
48

translating from different language,
47

two different names on application,
48

national currency,
22
,
38

National Era
,
132

national identity

individual identity
vs
.,
4
–5,
8
,
11
–12

racial threats to,
230

nationality,
129
,
136
,
137
,
170

English language and passport as statement of,
29

immigration quotas and,
13
,
186
,
204
–5,
207

managing mobility and movement through,
16

whiteness and,
11
,
13
,
203
,
211

national security,
68
,
79
,
80
,
185
–86,
209
,
247

National Woman’s Party (NWP),
50
–52

nation-state,
48
,
240

documentation critical to,
13
,
48
,
251

emergence of,
4

loyalty to,
98

securing border of,
3

surveillance by,
199
–201,
237
,
246

native-born citizens

application form for,
103
,
104
f

naturalized
vs
.,
12
,
179
–80,
232
–33

naturalization

courtrooms and,
103

definition of,
128

of husband or parent, citizenship through,
103

name misspelling during,
47

residence requirements for,
128
,
212
,
266
n19

verifying date of arrival for,
170

whiteness and,
161

Naturalization Act of 1868,
152

naturalization certificates,
98
,
103

affidavit in lieu of,
108
,
278
n37

immigration and,
180

missing or lost,
93
,
95
,
278
n37

name different on applications
vs
.,
43
–44

as official looking papers,
29

naturalized citizens

applications for,
92
–93,
98

identification of,
178

marriage to,
93

native-born
vs
.,
12
,
179
–80,
232
–33

passport renewal, residence abroad and,
128

targeting of,
120

verifying citizenship of,
47

new identity

in Bertillonage system,
74

from documentation of identity,
10
,
18
,
48
,
70
,
71
,
74
,
79
,
95
,
103
–5,
112
,
118
,
119
–20,
206
,
217
,
246
,
247
,
263
n22

News-Week
advertising,
40
,
41
f
,
42
f

New York Board of Trade,
223
,
226
–27

New York Evening Post
,
87
,
132

New York Merchants Association,
223

New York Sun
,
184
–85,
195

New York Telegram
,
237

New York Times
,
33
,
48
,
68
–69,
82
,
87
,
143
–45,
147
,
201
,
213
,
217
,
218
,
226
,
239
,
241

Ngai, Mae,
161

noncitizens

bond paid by, to leave country,
142

marriage to,
50

passport issuance to,
16
,
127
,
129
,
142

visas as entry permit for,
15

Nones, Joseph,
139
–41,
283
n40

nose, description of,
64
,
70
,
71

notary public

affidavits from,
92
,
98
–102,
99
f
,
144

affiliated citizenship certificate by,
135
,
139
–41,
283
n40

fees for,
169

removal from application process,
193

NWP (National Woman’s Party),
50
–52

oath of allegiance

alternate,
99
,
277
n19

with applications,
98
–99,
100
f
,
142
,
193
,
277
n16,
277
n19

consuls and,
192

declaration of intent as,
136

as proof of citizenship,
98
–99,
100
f
,
277
n16,
277
n19

significance of,
55

witnesses to,
102

objectivity,
9

of archival memory,
182

as basis of modern identification,
57
,
72
,
79
,
91
,
101
,
111
,
118
,
249

bureaucracy and,
74
,
101
,
111
,
114
,
118
,
119
,
120
,
126
,
152
,
177
,
233

critique of,
107
–8,
119

mechanical,
88
,
249

of photographs,
82
,
84
–85,
90
,
91

physical description and,
70
,
72
,
74
,
79

in production of knowledge,
4

vs
. subjectivity,
70
,
119

occupation, on passports,
79
,
274
n33

official identification

extension of,
229
,
240
,
241

and family name,
48

of marginal populations,
10
,
68

need for change in,
4
,
6

reliability of,
18
,
82
,
108
,
203

skill,
240

as standardization,
5
,
7
,
44
,
95
,
120

ornamentation, passport

eagles on,
23
,
33
,
34
f
,
35
f
,
195

first appearance of,
33

to legitimate claims on paper,
22

olive branch on,
39

woman on,
33
,
34
f

“the other,” documentation of,
13
,
47
,
68
,
216

Panama,
39

paper, passport

fraud tests on,
195

special type of, tamper resistance and,
39

paper families,
176

“paperization” of life,
13
,
240

paper

legitimate claims on,
22

official looking, passports
vs
.,
29

parents