Pausanias (2nd cent.)
:
Greek traveller and geographer
Peiresc, Nicolas de (1580–1637)
:
French scholar and naturalist
Penelope
:
the faithful wife of Ulysses (q.v.)
Penthesilea
:
daughter of Mars and the queen of the Amazons
Periander (625–585
B
.
C
.)
:
Greek statesman, one of the Seven Wise Men
Perithous
:
son of Ixion king of the Lapiths
Perseus
:
the son of Jupiter and Danaë, slayer of Medusa
Persius (34–62)
:
Roman satiric poet
Perucci, Francesco
:
Italian author of
Pompe funebri
(1639)
Peter, St
:
the Prince of the Apostles
Peter Lombard (
c
. 1100–1160)
:
author of the standard textbook of medieval theology, the ‘Sentences’
Peter Martyr (Pietro Martire Vermigli, 1500–1562)
:
Italian Reformer
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca, 1304–1374)
:
Italian poet and humanist
Petronius (d.
c
. 66)
:
Roman satirist
Pettus, Sir John
:
see
p. 389
(headnote)
Phaëton
:
struck down by Jupiter on borrowing the chariot of his father Sol (q.v.)
Phalaris
:
tyrant of Agrigento (570–554
B
.
C
.); also the canary grass
Pharamond
:
the legendary first king of France
Philes, Manuel (1275?–1345)
:
Byzantine poet
Philip
:
one of the seven ‘deacons’ chosen as missionaries (see Acts 6.3 ff., 8.26 ff.)
Philip II
:
king of Macedon (359–336
B
.
C
.)
Philip II
:
king of Spain (1556–1598)
Philo (
c
. 20
B
.
C
.–
c
.
A
.
D
. 50)
:
Jewish thinker and exegete
Philopoemen (253–183
B
.
C
.)
:
Greek commander
Philoxenus (5th/6th cent.)
:
Syriac writer
Phocas
:
Byzantine emperor (602–610)
Phocylides (fl.
c
. 560
B
.
C
.)
:
Greek philosopher and poet
Photius (
c
. 810–895)
:
Patriarch of Constantinople
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494)
:
Florentine scholar and mystic
Picotus (Pichotus), Petrus
:
French author of
De rheumatismo
(1577)
Pictiolus (Antonio Piccioli)
:
Italian writer on chiromancy (1587)
Pilate, Pontius
:
Roman procurator (governor) of Judaea (26–36)
Pineda, Juan de (1558–1637)
:
Spanish theologian and Biblical exegete
Pittacus of Mytilene (d. 570
B
.
C
.)
:
warrior and sage
Plato (427–347
B
.
C
.)
:
the foremost Greek philosopher
Plautus (254?–184
B
.
C
.)
:
Roman writer of comedies
Plempius, Vopiscus Fortunatus (1601–1671)
:
Dutch medical writer
Pliny (23–79)
:
Roman scholar, author of the uncritical encyclopedia
Natural History
Plutarch (
c
. 46–
c
. 120)
:
Greek biographer and philosopher
Pluto
:
the ruler of the infernal regions
Polyphemus
:
the one-eyed Cyclops who imprisoned Ulysses and his companions (see
Odyssey
, IX, 105 ff.)
Pompey the Great (106–48
B
.
C
.)
:
Roman general and statesman
Poppaea (d. 65?)
:
wife of Nero (q.v.)
Porphyry (
c
. 232–303)
:
Neoplatonist philosopher
Porus (d. 321
B
.
C
.)
:
king of India
Posthumius
:
see next entry
Postumus
:
Gallic emperor (258–267)
Prasutagus (d. 61)
:
king of the Iceni, husband of Boadicea (q.v.)
Prateolus (Gabriel Du Préau, 1511–1588)
:
French theologian and translator
Prester John (i.e. ‘Presbyter’ John)
:
legendary medieval Christian king of Asia (or ‘Abyssinia’, commonly confused with India)
Primerose, James (d. 1659)
:
Scottish physician, author of
De vulgi erroribus in medicinae
(1639, trans. 1651)
Priscian (5th cent.)
:
Latin grammarian
Procrustes
:
a mythical robber who mutilated his captives
Propertius (fl.
c
. 30–15
B
.
C
.)
:
Roman poet
Proteus
:
the sea god capable of changing his appearance at will
Psellus, Michael (
c
. 1019–
c
. 1078)
:
Byzantine philosopher and historian
Ptolemy (2nd cent.)
:
Alexandrian astronomer and geographer
Ptolemy II
:
king of Egypt (283–246
B
.
C
.), commissioned the Septuagint for Alexandria’s library
Ptolemy VI Philometor
:
king of Egypt (181–145
B
.
C
.)
Ptolomy
:
see previous entries
Purchas, Samuel (1575?–1616)
:
English author and collector of travel literature
Pythagoras (6th cent.
B
.
C
.)
:
Greek philosopher and mathematician
Quintilian (1st cent.)
:
Roman rhetorician and critic
Quintus Curtius (2nd cent.)
:
Roman historian
Rabelais, François (1494?–1553)
:
French satirist, author of
Gargantua et Pantagruel
Ralegh, Sir Walter (1552?–1618)
:
English explorer, historian, poet, courtier
Ramusius (Giovanni Battista Ramusio, 1485–1557)
:
Venetian diplomat and collector of travel literature
Rapha
:
the monstrous warrior described in 1 Chronicles 20.6
Raphael of Urbino (1483–1520)
:
Italian painter and architect
Regiomontanus (Johann Müller of Königsberg, 1436–1476)
:
see
p. 78, note 90
Regulus, Marcus Atilius (d. 250
B
.
C
.)
:
Roman consul and general
Remus
:
twin brother of Romulus the founder of Rome
Reuben
:
Jacob’s eldest son (see Genesis 29); also the tribe
Rhadamanth
:
a judge of the dead in Hades
Rhodiginus, Ludovicus (1450?–1525)
:
Italian scholar
Ringo
:
i.e. Hringrs Ingildsson, king of Sweden (cf. Harald)
Rollo (860?-931?)
:
Norse chieftain, 1st Duke of Normandy
Romulus
:
the legendary founder of Rome; also, a Roman consul put to death by want of sleep
Rondelet(ius), Guillaume (1507–1566)
:
French naturalist, professor of anatomy at Montpellier
Rudolph II
:
German emperor (1576–1612)
Salmasius, Claudius (1588–1653)
:
French scholar
Samaria
:
the capital of Northern Israel (to 722
B
.
C
.)
Samson
:
the last of the great ‘judges’ (see Judges 13 ff.)
Sandys, George (1578–
c
. 1644)
:
English poet and traveller
Sardanapalus (
c
. 822
B
.
C
.)
:
ruler of Assyria
Sarpi, Paolo (1552–1623)
:
Venetian historian and theologian
Saturn (Cronos)
:
the god of agriculture; also the planet
Saul
:
the first king of Israel
Saxo Grammaticus (1150?–1220?)
:
Danish historian
Scaevola, G. Mucius
:
legendary Roman hero (6th cent.
B
.
C
.), ‘saved his life by the patient tolleration of the burning of his hand’ (Cockeram; see Livy, II, 12)
Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540–1609)
:
the great French scholar
Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558)
:
Italian philosopher and scholar, father of the former
Scipio Major (237–183
B
.
C
.)
:
Roman general, defeated Hannibal in 202
B
.
C
.
Semiramis
:
legendary queen of Assyria
Seneca (
c
. 4
B
.
C
.-
A
.
D
. 65)
:
Roman statesman, philosopher and playwright
Seneca the Elder (54?
B
.
C
.–
A
.
D
. 39)
:
Roman rhetorician, father of the former
Sennacherib
:
king of Assyria and Babylonia (705–681
B
.
C
.), father of Esarhaddon (q.v.)
Serapis
:
a god of the lower world
Servius (4th cent.)
:
Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil
Seth
:
the third son of Adam
Severus, Lucius Septimius
:
Roman emperor (193–211)
Shalmaneser V
:
king of Assyria (727–722
B
.
C
.), besieged Samaria (q.v.)
Sibyl
:
any inspired prophetess
Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–1586)
:
English courtier, poet and Critic
Sidonius Apollinaris, St (
c
. 432 –
c
. 480)
:
Bishop of Clermont, poet and letter-writer