Authors: Tom Diaz
10
. “Pistol-Packin' Populace.”
11
. One gun control activist in Florida, Joe Shutt, concluded exactly that in 1987. “The citizens of Florida got exactly what they deserved,” he said. “Outgunned,”
Miami Herald
, Sept. 27, 1987.
12
. For an editorial summary of ALEC's role in state gun legislation, see Paul Krugman, “Lobbyists, Guns and Money,”
New York Times
, Mar. 26, 2012.
13
. See “National FOP President: Reject SB 1!!!” Fraternal Order of Police, Grand Lodge,
www.fop.net/servlet/display/news_article?id=4515&XSL=xsl_pages/public_news_individual.xsl&nocache=8133486
.
14
. “Insanity Defense,” 2011 Florida Statutes, sec. 775.027.
15
. “Cop Killer Gets Death,”
Tampa Bay Times
, Feb. 11, 2012.
16
. “Man Held in Shooting Was Officer,”
Tampa Tribune, Aug
. 21, 2009.
17
. “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer,”
Tampa Tribune
, Dec. 9, 2009.
18
. “Family Describes Delgado's Delusions,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Nov. 10, 2011; “Fear Gripped Murder Suspect,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Oct. 25, 2011.
19
. “Family Describes Delgado's Delusions.”
20
. “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer.”
21
. “Man Held in Shooting Was Officer.”
22
. “Doctor: Fears Drove Delgado,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Nov. 11, 2011; “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer.”
23
. “Accused Cop Killer's Life Revealed,”
10connects.com
, Dec. 8, 2009.
24
. “Accused Police Killer: Who Is He?”
10connects.com
, Aug. 21, 2009.
25
. “Officer Was on His Back When Shot,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Sept. 1, 2009; “Affidavit for Search Warrant,” Sixth Judicial Circuit, Pinellas County, FL, filed Aug. 20, 2009, by Detective Salvatore J. Augeri, Tampa Police Department, and Detective Keith Johnson, Pinellas County Sheriff's Office.
26
. “Guns Plus, Spring Lake, NC,” NC Gun Owners forum,
www.ncgunowners.com/forum/showfhread.php?tid=477
.
27
. “Outfitting the Modern Sporting Rifle,”
Shooting Industry
, Mar. 1, 2012.
28
. “Officer Was on His Back When Shot”; “Police: Tampa Cop-Killing Suspect Is Ex-Officer,” Associated Press State & Local Wire, Aug. 20, 2009.
29
. See, e.g., “Officer Was on His Back When Shot.”
30
. See B. Gil Horman, “Kel-Tec PLR-16 5.56/.223 Semi-Automatic Pistol,”
American Rifleman
, Mar. 1, 2012,
www.americanrifleman.org/articles/kel-tec-plr-16-review
.
31
. “Family Describes Delgado's Delusions.”
32
. “Accused Cop Killer's Life Revealed.”
33
. “Fear Gripped Murder Suspect.”
34
. “Trial Begun in Officer's Killing,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Nov. 5, 2011; “Dead Officer, Ranting Suspect,”
St. Petersburg Times
, Dec. 9, 2009.
35
. “Dead Officer, Ranting Suspect”; “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer.”
36
. “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer.”
37
. “Trial Begun in Officer's Killing”; “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer”; “Officer Was on His Back When Shot.”
38
. “Records Detail Slaying of Tampa Officer.”
39
. “Officer Was on His Back When Shot.”
40
. “Prosecutor, Defender Lay Out Cases in Delgado Murder Trial,”
Tampa Bay Times
, Nov. 5, 2011.
41
. “Doctor: Fears Drove Delgado.”
42
. For a more detailed discussion, see Violence Policy Center,
Concealed Carry: The Criminal's Companion
(Washington, DC: Violence Policy Center, 1995).
43
. “Outgunned.”
44
. Ibid.
45
. Ibid.
46
. Ibid.
47
. Ibid.
48
. “Counties, Cities Remove Their Gun Laws: Change in State Law,”
South Florida Sun-Sentinel
, Aug. 7, 2011; “Update: Three Gun Bills Pass Senate,”
Tallahassee Democrat
, Apr. 28, 2011.
49
. “Counties, Cities Remove Their Gun Laws.”
50
. The new law decreed in relevant part, “Except as expressly provided by the State Constitution or general law, the Legislature hereby declares that it is occupying the whole field of regulation of firearms and ammunition, including the purchase, sale, transfer, taxation, manufacture, ownership, possession, storage, and transportation thereof, to the exclusion of all existing and future county, city, town, or municipal ordinances or any administrative regulations or rules adopted by local or state government relating thereto. Any such existing ordinances, rules, or regulations are hereby declared null and void.” 2011 Florida Statutes, sec. 790.33, “Field of regulation of firearms and ammunition preempted.”
51
. “Counties, Cities Remove Their Gun Laws.”
52
. “Update: Three Gun Bills Pass Senate.”
53
. 2011 Florida Statutes, sec. 790.06, “License to carry concealed weapon or firearm.”
54
. “Pistol-Packin' Populace.”
55
. Ibid.
56
. See “Executive Summary,” in Violence Policy Center,
Concealed Carry
.
57
. Violence Policy Center, “Concealed Carry Killers,” Mar. 22, 2012,
www.vpc.org/ccwkillers.htm
.
58
. These figures are regularly updated by the Violence Policy Center's Concealed Carry Killers project. The latest totals can be found at
www.vpc.org/ccwkillers.htm
.
59
. See, e.g., “A Night Inside South Florida's Gang Wars,” CBS Miami, May 7, 2012,
http://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/05/07/a-night-inside-south-floridas-gang-wars
.
60
. “Pistol-Packin' Populace.”
61
. “Tinier, Deadlier Pocket Pistols Are in Vogue,”
Wall Street Journal
, Sept. 12, 1996. For a recent assessment of this market, see Violence Policy Center,
“Never Walk Alone”
â
How Concealed Carry Laws Boost Gun Industry Sales
(Washington, DC: Violence Policy Center, 2012),
www.vpc.org/studies/ccwnra.pdf
.
62
. “Industry Suffers Sales Slump, Manufacturer Sued, Hearings Support Gun Rights,”
Shooting Industry
, May 1, 1995.
63
. “The Defensive Handguns Your Customers Will Be Looking for in 1996,”
Shooting Industry
, Mar. 1, 1996.
64
. “Hot-Selling Handguns: Customers Are Still Buying! From Palm-Size Self-Defense Pistols, to Massive Hunting Revolvers, Dealers Are Making Sales!”
Shooting Industry
, Sept. 1, 2002.
65
. “Self-Defense Profits! Increase Your Sales with a Product Checklist and a Solid Game Plan!”
Shooting Industry
, May 1, 2004.
66
. “The Defensive Handguns Your Customers Will Be Looking for in 1996.”
67
. “Where's the Money? Handgun Accessories: Accessories Are Important to a Gun Dealer's Overall Profit!”
Shooting Industry
, Feb. 1, 2003.
68
. “A Handful of Extras to Boost Your Handgun Sales,”
Shooting Industry
, Feb. 1, 1994.
69
. “Tactical Gear and Gun Clothing,”
Shooting Industry
, Aug. 1, 2003.
70
. “Preparing for Your Winter Gun Sales,”
Shooting Industry
, July 1, 2006.
71
. “Spring Handgun Marketing,”
Shooting Industry
, June 1, 1996.
72
. “Self-Defense Is Big Business,”
Shooting Industry
, May 1, 2000.
73
. “Pistol-Packin' Populace.”
74
. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Licensing, “Number of Licensees by Type as of: 08/31/2012,” Statistical Reports, Total Active Licensees Reports, available from
http://licgweb.doacs.state.fl.us/news/reports.html
.
75
. “Taurus Today: The Bull Is Loose!: With a Whole New Center of Semiautomatics, the âRevolver Company' from Brazil Has Quietly Reinvented Itself with a New Focus on Self-Defense Pistols Loaded with Features and Quality,”
American Handgunner
, May 1, 2002.
76
. Ibid.
77
. “Taurus Edges Smith & Wesson for Manufacturer of the Year Award,” PR Newswire, May 25, 2000.
78
. “Taurus Today: The Bull Is Loose!”
79
. “At Every Traffic Stop, Police Face the Prospect of Death,”
Washington Post
, Nov. 22, 2010.
80
. Steven Jansen and M. Elaine Nugent-Borakove,
Expansions to the Castle Doctrine: Implications for Policy and Practice
, National District Attorneys Association, undated report of a March 2007 symposium convened by the American Prosecutors Research Institute, 3.
81
. Ibid., 5.
82
. “Benjamin N. Cardozo,” Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York,
www.courts.state.ny.us/history/cardozo.htm
.
83
.
People v. Tornimi
, 213 N.Y. 240 (1914), 243.
84
. “Whaddayaknow,”
Chicago Tribune
, Sept. 14, 1997.
85
.
People v. Tomlins
, 213 N.Y. 240 (1914), 245.
86
. “What Are My Legal Rights to Use Force If Attacked?”
Miami Herald
, Sept. 20, 2004.
87
. “A Note from the Commissioner,” Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Licensing,
http://licgweb.doacs.state.fl.us/weapons/about.html
.
88
. “Gun Bill Could Mean: Shoot First, Ask Later,”
Palm Beach Post
, Mar. 23, 2005.
89
. See, e.g., “Deadly Force Bill Passes House: Next Stop for Measure Is Governor's Office,”
Tallahassee Democrat
, Apr. 1, 2005 (“Rep. Dennis Baxley, the Ocala Republican sponsoring the bill. . . could not point to a case where a lawful gun owner shot someone in self-defense and was incarcerated”).
90
. Jansen and Nugent-Borakove,
Expansions to the Castle Doctrine
, 5â6.
91
. “Gun Bill Could Mean: Shoot First, Ask Later.”
92
. “Self-Defense Bill Gets Early Senate OK; Legislative Session 2005,”
Lakeland Ledger
, Mar. 23, 2005.
93
. “Gun Bill Could Mean: Shoot First, Ask Later.”
94
. “15 States Expand Right to Shoot in Self-Defense,”
New York Times
, Aug. 7, 2006.
95
. “Gun Bill Could Mean: Shoot First, Ask Later.”
96
. “Florida Democrats Support Pro-Gun Law,” Cox News Service, Apr. 5, 2005.
97
. “Deadly Force Bill Moving on a Fast Track,”
Palm Beach Post
, Mar. 24, 2005.
98
. “Wild West Redux: âCastle Doctrine' Law Opens Way to Shootouts,”
Bradenton Herald
, Apr. 21, 2005.
99
. “GOP State Representatives Stand Firm on Deadly-Force Bill,”
Palm Beach Post
, Apr. 1, 2005.
100
. “Self Defense Sells! Outfit Your Customers for Personal Protection!”
Shooting Industry
, June 1, 2005.
101
. “Fla. Gun Law to Expand Leeway for Self-Defense; NRA to Promote Idea in Other States,”
Washington Post
, Apr. 26, 2005.
102
. “Florida Expands Right to Use Deadly Force in Self-Defense,”
New York Times
, Apr. 27, 2005.
103
. “Group: Think Tank Holds Legislative Sway,”
Daily Press
(Newport News, VA)
Daily Press
, Mar. 18, 2012.
104
. “Justifiable Killings Up as Self-Defense Is Redefined,”
Washington Post
, Apr. 8, 2012; Center for Media and Democracy and Common Cause, “Connecting the Dots Between ALEC, Wal-Mart, the NRA, and the Florida Law Cited by Some to Immunize Trayvon Martin's Killer,” Mar. 23, 2012.
105
. “Napolitano OKs Eased Self-Defense: Burden of Proof in Killings Shifts to Prosecutors,”
Arizona Daily Star
, Apr. 25, 2006.
106
. “Self-Defense Unleashed! No Season on Sales, No Limit on Profits!”
Shooting Industry
, Feb. 1, 2007.
107
. “Justifiable Killings Up as Self-Defense Is Redefined.”