The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) (152 page)

¹⁰¹
H.A. Kelly, pp.224-9.

¹⁰²
H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.95-6. It looks as if, in answer to the question whether he had found her a virgin, he had admitted uncertainty, may even have said she was a virgin, an admission too damaging to have been left on the record. For the evidence of Campeggio’s secretary for Henry’s answer see
LP
, iv, 6694; also
Sp. Cal
., iv (i), p.656.

¹⁰³
H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.120. Scarisbrick in
Henry
VIII
, p.227, n.2 assigned the adjournment to the 31st. This would help to solve some of the puzzles surrounding Wolsey’s letter of 27th (
LP
, iv, 5797), which implies that the trial was still in progress, but the record of the trial does not support his suggestion, and a scribal error does not seem very likely; see H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.127-8.

¹⁰⁴
For instance, Wolsey asked for the instant recall of Peter Vannes, but this does not seem to have happened until October.

¹⁰⁵
St. P
, vii, p.193, n.1.

¹⁰⁶
St. P
, vii, pp.193-4 (
LP
, iv, 5797).

¹⁰⁷
LP
, iv, 5789.

¹⁰⁸
For the fact that the dates were not binding see H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, p.78.

¹⁰⁹
But formally agreed to on the 16th; see Ehses,
Römische Dokumente
, pp.122-5; H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, p.136.

¹¹⁰
Wolsey’s instructions to the English envoys at Rome of 27 July were for them to act on the assumption that the advocation had been granted; see
St. P
, vii, p.194, but then the decision back in May to go ahead with the legatine trial had been taken on the basis that an advocation was likely.

¹¹¹
This in Cavendish, p.90; but see also Hall, p.758, who has Suffolk making ‘a great clap on the table with his hand’.

¹¹²
Hall’s version is a little more complicated but in it Henry knew of the postponement before it occurred and ordered Norfolk, Suffolk and ‘other nobles of the Council’ to intervene; see Hall, p.758. For Chapuy’s report see
Sp. Cal
.10 (i), p.263.

¹¹³
See pp.591-2 below.

¹¹⁴
For his actual words see Burnet, iv, p.84 (
LP
, iv, 5428).

¹¹⁵
See pp.386 ff. above for a very full discussion of this volte-face.

¹¹⁶
The treaty is well summarized in Knecht, p.185; for the financial terms see
LP
, iv, 1602-4; for Louise’s reluctance see
LP
, iv, 1609.

¹¹⁷
Knecht, pp.209-10 for the terms.

¹¹⁸
Lautrec left Paris on 2 July (
LP
, iv, 3215, 3225) and was rumoured to be at Asti on 2 Aug. (
LP
, iv, 3329).

¹¹⁹
St. P
, i, p.255 (
LP
, iv, 3350).

¹²⁰
LP
, iv, 3337, 3343, 3362-4, 3381, 3400; amongst other things Wolsey had to fend off Henry’s worry that he was allowing Francis to make too many concessions to Charles.

¹²¹
Knecht, p.189.

¹²²
Hook, pp.155 ff. for an excellent treatment of the sack of Rome.

¹²³
St. P
, i, p.254 (
LP
, iv, 3340).

¹²⁴
Ehses,
Römische Dokumente
, 69.

¹²⁵
Brandi, pp.352-3.

¹²⁶
For this episode involving Francisco Felipez see Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
, pp.185-6.

¹²⁷
LP
, iv, 3312.

¹²⁸
LP
, iv, 3322 for Charles’s apologia to Henry for the sack of Rome.

¹²⁹
LP
, iv, 3247, 3311.

¹³⁰
St. P
, i, p.271 (
LP
, iv, 3400); see also
LP
, iv, 3401, 3423. For the view that these plans are evidence for Wolsey’s increasing megalomania see Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.157-8.

¹³¹
St. P
, pp.230-1, 270-1 (
LP
, iv, 3311, 3400).

¹³²
In his letter to Henry of 29 July Wolsey made it clear that the pope’s release was his chief priority, while as early as 2 June he had pointed out that the pope’s death or captivity would hinder the king’s affairs; see
St. P
, i, pp.189, 230-1 (
LP
, iv, 3147, 3311). See also
LP
, iv, 3179.

¹³³
For this and much of what follows see Hook, pp.219 ff.

¹³⁴
Pastor, x, pp.256 ff.

¹³⁵
LP
, iv, 4737).

¹³⁶
He fell ill on 9 Jan. 1529; for a useful chronology of the illness see Hughes, i, p.182, n.1.

¹³⁷
St. P
, vii, pp.104-6, 132-4 (
LP
, iv, 4897, 4978);
LP
, iv, 5038, 5073, 5151-2

¹³⁸
LP
, iv, 5038.

¹³⁹
Ehses, pp.54-5, 108; Gairdner,
EHR
xii, p.250; Parmiter, pp.66-7.

¹⁴⁰
Ehses, p.108; Gairdner, xii, pp.250-1.

¹⁴¹
Hook, p.239.

¹⁴²
Hook, pp.198-9.

¹⁴³
LP
, iv, 4737).

¹⁴⁴
Hook, pp.201 ff; Stephens, pp.203 ff.

¹⁴⁵
LP
, iv, 5038.

¹⁴⁶
Pastor, x, pp.56-7.

¹⁴⁷
LP
, iv, 5133.

¹⁴⁸
LP
, iv, 4482, 4553.

¹⁴⁹
LP
, iv, 5016, 5421;
LP
, iv, app.145, 158, 177, 180, 196,203.

¹⁵⁰
LP
, iv, 5133;
LP
, iv, pp.2178, 2200. See also
LP
, iv, 3989 for Henry’s letter to the doge in Feb. 1528; also
LP
, iv, 5538â

¹⁵¹
LP
, iv, 3957. The return of the two cities was central to Wolsey’s peace plans of December 1528; see
LP
, iv, 5028.

¹⁵²
On all this see Mallet and Hale, pp.225-9.

¹⁵³
For an assessment that Clement would turn to the devil if that would help get them back, see
LP
, iv, 4900; for Clement’s secretary’s view in April 1529 that Henry could expect no remedy while Venice retained papal territory see
LP
, iv, 5447.

¹⁵⁴
LP
, iv, 3826-7.

¹⁵⁵
LP
, iv, 4564.

¹⁵⁶
LP
, iv, app.162, 164.

¹⁵⁷
LP
, iv, 3959, 3966, 4376; see also pp.455-6 above.

¹⁵⁸
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), pp.802-3, 808-14;
LP
, iv, 4909-10.

¹⁵⁹
LP
, iv, 5050 for Wolsey’s detailed presentation of them, but see also
LP
, iv, 4897, 5028, 5053, 5133, 5179;
LP
, iv, 5138-9, 5148 for papal reactions.

¹⁶⁰
Inter alia LP
, iv, 3641, 3913, 3921, 4251, 4897, 5417.

¹⁶¹
LP
, iv, 4977, 5014; Hook, p.239.

¹⁶²
See p.464 ff. above.

¹⁶³
LP
, iv, 5138 for Clement’s favourable response; for Imperial worries see
Sp. Cal
, iii (ii), pp.922-3, 929-30.

¹⁶⁴
Hook, pp.244-6; Pastor, x, pp.32-67.

¹⁶⁵
LP
, iv, 5387;
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), pp.911, 915, 921-2, 929-30.

¹⁶⁶
Hook, pp.246-8; Pastor, x, p.53; for Casale’s assessment to Wolsey of 21 April see
LP
, iv, 5478; also
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), 924 for the importance of events in Florence.

¹⁶⁷
LP
, iv, 5314.

¹⁶⁸
LP
, iv, 5428.

¹⁶⁹
LP
, iv, 5523.

¹⁷⁰
Pastor, x, p.52.

¹⁷¹
Inter alia Elton, Reform and Reformation
, pp.110-11; Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.232-3.

¹⁷²
LP
, iv, 4945, 4985; for Tuke’s suspicions on 9 Dec. see
LP
, iv, 5018; also
LP
, iv, 5137, 5163, 5231 for early English awareness of Franco- Imperial negotiations.

¹⁷³
See especially Wolsey’s boast to du Bellay in early December that England would not be left in the lurch by the emperor and Francis in
LP
, iv, 5016; also
LP
, iv, 5572, 5636, 5701. As against this one needs to look at Tuke’s prescient analysis of why Francis and Charles needed peace, sent to Wolsey on 4 March.

¹⁷⁴
They left England on 17 May; see
LP
, iv, 2462. See also
LP
, iv, 5523, 5535, 5582, 5601; I assume the military proposals would be along the lines outlined to du Bellay in December, to be put into effect if Charles proved intransigent, see
LP
, iv, 5028. It was typical of Wolsey to become more bullish the heavier the going became.

¹⁷⁵
Bellay,
Correspondence
, pp.25-30 (
LP
, iv, 5601); also
LP
, iv, 5704; Knecht, p.219. It is clear that as late as 26 May Wolsey held some hope of averting Cambrai, but only some; see
St. P
, i, p.334 (
LP
, iv, 5595).