70
. For more examples, see the author's book
Original Intent: The Courts, the Constitution, and Religion
(Aledo: WallBuilder Press, 2011), 13â21.
See also
“Get Resources,” Alliance Defense Fund, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.alliancedefensefund.org/About/Detail/4236
); “Press Releases,” American Center for Law and Justice, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://aclj.org/press-releases
; “Newsletter Archive,” Christian Law Associates, accessed October 25, 2011,
www.christianlaw.org/cla/index.php/articles/
; “Press Release Archives,” Liberty Counsel, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.lc.org/index.cfm?pid=14099
; “Issues,” Liberty Legal Institute, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.libertylegal.org/issues_main.php
; “Resources,” The National Legal Foundation, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.nlf.net/Resources/literature/Literature.htm
; “Legal Battles,” Pacific Justice Institute, accessed October 25, 2011,
www.pacificjustice.org/news
; “Legal Landmines,” Religious Organization Legal Defense Association, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.sharpefirm.com/rolda/landmines.html
; “Press Room,” Thomas More Law Center, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.thomasmore.org/qry/page.taf?id=20
; etc.
71
. Thomas Jefferson, “Notice of Fast to the Inhabitants of the Parish of Saint Anne,” in
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Ford, vol. 2 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904), 42.
72
. Jefferson, “Resolution of the House of Burgesses Designating a Day of Fasting and Prayer,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:105â106.
73
. Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:116.
74
. Ibid., 1:117n.
75
. Jefferson, “Report on a Seal for the United States, with Related Papers,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, vol. 1.
See also
John Adams,
Letters of John Adams
, ed. Charles Francis Adams, vol. 1 (Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1841), 152.
76
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Punishing Disturbers of Religious Worship and Sabbath Breakers,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 2:555.
77
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Appointing Days of Public Fasting and Thanksgiving,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 2:555.
78
. Jefferson, “A Bill Annulling the Marriages Prohibited by the Levitical Law, and Appointing the Mode of Solemnizing Lawful Marriage,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:556.
79
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Saving the Property of the Church Heretofore by Law Established,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:553.
80
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Punishing Disturbers of Religious Worship and Sabbath Breakers,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:555.
81
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Appointing Days of Public Fasting and Thanksgiving,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 2:556.
82
. Jefferson, “A Bill Annulling the Marriages Prohibited by the Levitical Law, and Appointing the Mode of Solemnizing Lawful Marriage,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 2:557.
83
. Jefferson, “A Bill for Establishing a General Court,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 1:621.
84
. Jefferson, “Robert Scot's Invoice for Executing Indian Medal, with Jefferson's Memoranda,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 4:35â36.
85
. Jefferson, “Report on a Seal for the United States, with Related Papers,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, vol. 1:495.
See also
John Adams,
Letters of John Adams
, ed. Charles Francis Adams, vol. 1 (Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1841), 152.
86
. Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the Virginian
, vol. 1 (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1948), 226.
87
. Originally, the federal government met in New York City for its first year, then spent the next ten in Philadelphia before moving to the newly constructed Washington as its permanent home.
88
.
Federal Orrery
(Boston), July 2, 1795, 2, “Domestic Intelligence.”
89
.
Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States
(Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 1851), 6th Cong., 797, December 4, 1800.
90
. Bishop Claggett's letter of February 18, 1801, attests that while vice president, Jefferson attended church services in the House. Available in the Maryland Diocesan Archives.
91
. Margaret Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), 13; James Hutson,
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1998), 84.
92
. Rev. Manasseh Cutler,
Life, Journal, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler
, eds. William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkins Cutler, vol. 2 (Cincinnati: Colin Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), 119.
93
. Margaret Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), 13.
94
. Ibid.
95
.
See
Rev. Manasseh Cutler,
Life, Journal, and Correspondence
, eds. William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkins Cutler, vol. 2 (Cincinnati: Colin Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), 119.
96
. Ibid.
97
. Ibid., 2:114.
98
. James Hutson,
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1998), 89.
99
. Margaret Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), 14.
100
. Ibid., 16.
101
. John Quincy Adams,
Memoirs of John Quincy Adams
, ed. Charles Francis Adams, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1874), 265, 268;
National Intelligencer
, December 9, 1820, 3;
National Intelligencer
, December 30, 1820, 3.
See also
James Hutson,
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1998), 89.
102
. Rev. Ethan Allen, “Washington Parish, Washington City,” Handwritten history in possession of the Library of Congress, quoted in James Hutson,
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1998), 96.
103
. James Hutson,
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1998), 91.
104
. Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Oberg, 35:202.
105
. Ibid., 30:545.
106
.
Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States
(Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1851), 7th Cong., 1st Sess., 1332, “An Act in Addition to an Act, Entitled, âAn Act in Addition to an Act Regulating the Grants of Land Appropriated for Military Services, and for the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen,'” April 26, 1802;
Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States
, 7th Cong., 2nd Sess., 1602, “An Act to Revive and Continue in Force An Act in Addition to an Act, Entitled, âAn Act in Addition to an Act Regulating the Grants of Land Appropriated for Military Services, and for the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen,' and for Other Purposes,” March 3, 1803;
Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States
, 8th Cong., 2nd Sess., 1279, “An Act Granting Further Time for Locating Military Land Warrants, and for Other Purposes,” March 19, 1804.
107
. Dorothy C. Bass, “Gideon Blackburn's Mission to the Cherokees,”
Journal of Presbyterian History
(Fall 1974), 52.
108
. Walter Lowrie, ed., “The Kaskaskia and Other Tribes,” in
American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States
, vol. 4 (Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 1832), 687.
109
. “Thomas Jefferson to the Nuns of the Order of St. Ursula on May 15, 1804,” original on file with the New Orleans Parish.
110
. Jonathan Elliot, ed., “Treaty of Peace and Amity Between the United States of America and the Bashaw, Bey, and Subjects of Tripoli in Barbary,”
The American Diplomatic Code, Embracing a Collection of Treaties and Conventions Between the United States and Foreign Powers: From 1778 to 1834. With an Abstract of Important Judicial Decisions, on Points Connected with Our Foreign Relations
, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: Jonathan Elliot, 1834), 501; Ibid., 1: 498, “Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary.”
111
. Ibid., 1:499, “Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary.”
112
.
The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States
(Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 1852), 9th Cong., 1st Sess. 1238, “An Act for Establishing Rules and Articles for the Government of the Armies of the United States.”
113
. Jefferson,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Lipscomb, 16:291.
114
. See, for example, his signature on the presidential act of October 18, 1804 (from an original document in our possession), Four Language Ship's Papers on January 16, 1804, and Ship's Papers on September 24, 1807 (from originals in our possession); etc.
115
.
Marsh v. Chambers
, 463 U.S. 783, 807 (1983) (Brennan, J. and Marshall, J., dissenting).
116
.
Allegheny County v. Greater Pittsburgh ACLU
, 492 U.S. 573, 679, n. 8 (1989) (Kennedy, J., concurring and dissenting).
117
. Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 4 (Boston: Gray and Bowen, 1830), 104.
118
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Lancaster Ford, vol. 1 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904), 11.
119
. Thomas Jefferson, “Proclamation,” in R. McIlwaine, ed.,
Official Letters of the Governors of the State of Virginia
, vol. 2 (Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1928), 65; Thomas Jefferson, “Proclamation Appointing a Day of Thanksgiving and Prayer,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 3:178.
120
. Thomas Jefferson, “Proclamation,” in H. R. McIlwaine, ed.,
Official Letters of the Governors of the State of Virginia
, vol. 2 (Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1928), 65. Thomas Jefferson, “Proclamation Appointing a Day of Thanksgiving and Prayer,” in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 3:178
121
. Joseph J. Ellis,
American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson
(New York: Vintage Books, 1998), 310.
L
IE
# 6: T
HOMAS
J
EFFERSON
D
ETESTED THE
C
LERGY
1
. John E. Remsburg,
Six Historic Americans
(New York: The Truth Seeker Project Company, 1906), 78.
2
. Farrell Till, “The Christian Nation Myth,” the Secular Web, accessed June 7, 2011,
http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/farrell_till/myth.html
.
3
. Bill Fairchild, “Thomas Jefferson and the âClergy;'” the Painful Truth, accessed June 7, 2011,
http://www.hwarmstrong.com/thomas_jefferson_clergy.htm.
4
. Austin Cline, “What Is Anti-Clericalism?” About.com, accessed June 6, 2011,
http://atheism.about.com/od/Criticism-Religious-Critique/f/Anti-Clericalism.htm
.
5
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Julian P. Boyd, vol. 8 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953), 468.
6
. Ibid.
7
. John Adams,
The Works of John Adams
, ed. Charles Francis Adams, vol. 9 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854), 637.
8
.
See
Charles Warren,
Odd Byways in American History
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1942), 127â128; Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty
, vol. 3 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962), 481; Charles O. Lerche, Jr., “Jefferson and the Election of 1800: A Case Study in the Political Smear,”
The William and Mary Quarterly,
3rd ser., vol. 5, no. 4 (October 1948), 466â491.
9
. Wilburn E. MacClenny,
The Life of Rev. James O'Kelly and the Early History of the Christian Church in the South
(Suffolk: Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, 1910), 171â173.