Read The House by the Thames Online
Authors: Gillian Tindall
The House by the Thames (37 page)
Wright, Lawrence,
Clean and Decent: The fascinating History of the Bathroom and the WC
, 1960
Unpublished and other archival Sources
The London Borough of Southwark has a rich collection of archival material amassed over many years, thanks to bequests from several nineteenth-century antiquarians but also to the initiative and care of individual archivists. In the
Southwark Local History Library
, therefore, I have been able to consult Census returns; St Saviour's parish records of marriages, baptisms and burials (from 1653 to 1835, with a few gaps); Rate books (from 1748); and a collection of miscellaneous house Deeds. I have been able to consult London Street Directories (various different publications) from 1790 onwards, and the Electoral registers for the twentieth century for which the Census returns are not yet accessible. I have also availed myself of the Library's extensive files of cuttings, photographs, handbills, advertisements, correspondence and other ephemera, dating from the eighteenth century to the present day; also of the MS. book on the early history of the Union Street parochial schools compiled by Sylvia Morris, the present head of the Cathedral School of St Saviour and St Mary Overy; also of the Archivist's own extensive list of Southwark's one-time cemeteries. I have studied the Library's collection of maps, especially insurance maps for the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I have also made use of the microfilms of the
South London Press
, especially for the 1860s and '70s.
In
The Family History Centre
, London EC1, I have obtained various Death Certificates and Probate records referred to in this book.
In
The Metropolitan Archives
, London EC1 I have been able to consult further documents relating to Bankside, in particular the Vestry Minutes books of St Saviour's parish from 1670 to 1738, and from 1788 to 1824, also a parish Land Valuation of 1807â8. I have made extensive use of their collection of Metropolitan Board of Works archives, expecially the papers of 1856â7 and 1861â3 and 1867 relating to Bazalgette's plans for the London sewer system, and also the Thames Flood Prevention Maps of 1880â86. Also their files relating to the life and work of John Grooms. I have availed myself of the Library's copies of the 1945 Bomb Damage Maps, and of their extensive photographic collection, originally in the possession of the Greater London Council.
In
The British Library
, as well as consulting many of the printed books cited in the preceding section, I have been able to work my way, in the Rare Book Room, through two volumes entitled
St Saviour's Illustrated: History and Antiquities of the Parochial Church of St Saviour's, Southwark
. These are compendiums of printed church records and engravings to which have been added notes, memos, plans, pamphlets, letters, handbills, photos and press-cuttings. The initial volume was compiled for subscription circulation by W.G. Moss and the Rev. J. Nightingale in 1818, and the much-expanded second volume was produced by W. Taylor in 1840. (Unamplified, printed-only versions of both volumes are in the possession of the Southwark Local History Library.)
In
The London Library
I have consulted bound volumes of
The Builder
and
The Times
, particularly for the 1860s.
In
The Guildhall Library
I have been able to consult the records of the Watermen and Lightermens' Company, and also to make use of the Picture Library's extensive collection of London paintings, prints and panoramas.
The Museum of London
possesses, among very much else, a Grace Golden Archive of that artist's prints, drawings and personal papers, which were made available to me.
In addition, the present owners of 49 Bankside have inherited from previous occupants of the house a file of Deeds, a few letters and a number of twentieth-century newspaper cuttings, which have been put to good use.
NDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Abercrombie, Sir Patrick: London Plan, 208â9, 217, 229
Admiral's Men (theatre company), 34
Agas map, 15â16, 26, 32
Albert Embankment, Lambeth, 153
Albion Flour Mills, Great Surrey Street, 101â2, 134â5, 221
Albion Terrace, 102
Alleyn, Edward, 34â5
Anchor Brewery
see
Barclay Perkins
Anchor Inn, 99, 181, 221
Anne, Queen, 57â8
Anne Boleyn, Queen of Henry VIII, 4
Arnold, Matthew (lighterman), 84, 90
Arnold, Matthew (poet), 174
Arnold, Thomas (waterman), 89
Arthur, Prince (Henry VIII's brother), 4
Arundel House, 47
Arundel, Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of, 27
Astell (or Astill) family, 65, 81
Aubrey, John, 6, 37, 45, 47
Balcon, Michael, 201
balloons
see
Smith's balloon view of London
Bandy Leg Walk (
later
Great Guildford Street), Southwark, 49, 88, 101
Bankside: character, 2, 5, 8, 14â15, 110â11; flood works, 14, 57, 76; stairs and docking places, 14â16, 43, 100, 177; house-building, 17, 55â8, 61, 111; brothels, 20â5; theatres and playhouses, 30â5, 40, 45â6; trade and industries, 40, 48, 94, 141, 149, 178â81, 188â9; gardens, 49; processions, 51; early 18th-century house rebuilding and ownership, 54â5; drainage problems, 55; Nonconformists in, 56; schools, 56; quays and wharves, 120â1, 155; panoramas, 134â5; Bishop's palace ruins, 136; gas works, 140, 155, 195; Power Station, 141, 195, 209â10, 215, 221, 228; house design and features, 147â9; health risks, 151; late 19th-century social changes, 166â7, 173â5; poverty and slums in, 167â70, 188, 193â5; multi-occupation of houses, 171â2; in Besant novel, 181â3; as working-class district, 187â8; Grace Golden draws and writes on, 189; twentieth-century occupants, 190â3; houses demolished, 192; last flood (1928), 196; post-war rebuilding and improvements, 210â12; post-war industrial and commercial decline, 218; modern usage, 230â1;
see also
Southwark
Barclay family, 98
Barclay Perkins (
formerly
Anchor brewery), 98, 102, 136, 220
Barclay, Robert, 104, 118, 127
Barge House stairs, 15
Barnardo, Dr Thomas John, 186
Bazalgette, Sir Joseph, 152
Bear Garden, Southwark, 27, 32, 99
Bear Inn, 50
bear-baiting
see
bull- and bear-baiting
Beaufort, Cardinal Henry, Bishop of Winchester, 18
Beaumont, Francis, 37
Benson, Revd J., 143
Bermondsey: as borough, 9; trade and industry in, 94
Berry-Godfrey, Sir Edmund, 72â3
Besant, Walter, 181â3, 231
Betjeman, Sir John, 79, 154, 201, 220
bicycles, 177
Black family, 214, 222â3
Black, Daniel, 214â16, 222, 225
Blacker, Robert, 134
Blackfriars Bridge (
earlier
Pitt's Bridge), 2, 26, 87, 90, 95, 100, 181
Blackfriars Railway Bridge, 162
Blake, William, 102
Blue Circle Cement Company, 215, 221
Boars Head Sluice, 87, 153
Booth, Charles, 6, 187
Borough High Street, 55, 69, 100
Borough Market, 39, 91, 120, 163, 230
Boswell, James, 6
Boys' Free School, Southwark, 113â14
Brabazon, Reginald (
later
12th Earl of Meath), 114â15
brassware, 147
brewing, 95â9
Bridge House Estate, 194
Briggs, Henry, 106
Briggs, John Perronet, 106
brothels, 19, 20â5
Browker, Hugh, 17â19, 25, 29, 54
Bruce, Mary and Sarah, 53, 64
Buchanan, Jack, 201
Builder, The
(periodical), 149, 164, 209
Building Acts (1667 and 1707), 54, 61
bull- and bear-baiting, 31â2, 49
Bunyan, John, 56
Burbage, James, 33â4, 36, 45
Burbage, Richard, 32â4, 36
Burdett, Sir Francis, 145
burial grounds
see
graveyards
Burke, Edmund, 96
Burney, Fanny (Mme d'Arblay), 96
Cade, Jack, 23
Calvert's Corn Wharf, 102
Camberwell, 109â10
canals, 105â6
Cardinal Cap Alley, 58, 88, 143, 179, 231
Cardinal's Cap (or Hat) Inn, 4, 17â19, 24, 27, 29â30, 35â7, 53â4
Cardinal's Wharf, Bankside, 177, 206â8
Cardinal's Wharf (house; 49 Bankside): site and origins, 3â4, 33, 54, 62; and fish ponds, 16; building design, 62â4, 68; furnishing and equipment, 67â8; living conditions in eighteenth century, 68â71; water supply, 70â1; Sells first occupies and purchases, 88â9; improvements to, 143â4, 150; nineteenth century occupants, 143, 150â3, 183â4; water closet, 146; as business address for Charrington, Sells, Dale & Surtees, 155, 171; Moss Isaacs occupies and buys, 155â7, 176; maintained as single-family home, 176â7; in multiple occupation, 183â4; unaffected by clearance scheme, 195; Robert E. Stevenson acquires and improves, 196â201; used for storage, 196; sold by auction, 203â4; bomb-damaged in war, 205, 207; post-war occupation, 214â15, 222; vandalised by squatters, 223â4; restored by Guy Munthe, 224â5; present-day occupation, 231â2
Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII, 4, 207, 211, 223
Cator, John, 65, 81, 97
Chadwick, Edwin, 149, 151
Chamberlain's Men (theatre company), 33
Charles I, King, 40
Charles II, King, 50, 52
Charrington, John, 158â9
Charrington, Sells, Dale & Co., 154
Charrington, Thomas, 158â9
Charringtons (brewers), 97, 159
Charringtons (coal-merchants), 73, 85â6, 97, 140, 154, 158
children: in eighteenth century London, 66; upbringing, 108â9; education, 125
cholera, 145, 149â51
Christ Church, Southwark, 55
City Lead Works, 221
City of London Electric Lighting Company, 183, 195
Civil War (1642â6), 46, 48
class (social): in eighteenth century, 65â7, 90; Victorian, 174â5
Clink liberty, 103
Clink Museum, Southwark, 13
Clink, The (gaol), 12â13, 93
coaches, 77, 132
coal and coal trade, 70â6, 79, 105â6, 120â1, 139â40, 155, 159â60
Coal Exchange, Lower Thames Street, 120
Commonwealth, 47
Concannen, M., Jr, 98
Concannen, M., Jr and A. Morgan:
The History and Antiquities of the Parish of St Saviour's, Southwark
, 102â3
Cook, Captain James, 101
Cooper (St Saviour's sexton), 114
Coram, Thomas, 90
County Hall, Lambeth, 9, 229
Craig & Rose (paint manufacturers), 192
cripples: training and education, 186
Cromwell, Oliver, 25, 47â8
Crosby, Theo, 226, 228
Cross Bones Burial Ground, 21, 51, 112â16
Crown Wharf, 178
Cruikshank, George, 151
Crumpton, Edward and Annie, 203
Crumpton, John, 203, 211
Cubitt, Thomas, 145
Cure's College almshouses, 112, 163
Dale, H.R., 158â9
Darc, Rosie, 212
Davidson, Geoffrey, 214, 222
Davies (builder, of Union Street), 165
Deadman's Place, Southwark, 51, 111
Dean, Mrs C., 191
Defoe, Daniel, 51, 65, 77
Dekker, Thomas, 24, 30, 45, 81
Dickens, Charles, 6, 162, 167, 170, 185;
Little Dorrit
, 134;
Our Mutual Friend
, 170â1
Dog and Duck tavern, St George's Fields, 99â100
Dowgate Dock, 82
Drake, Sir Francis, 226
Dubreuil, André, 225
Dulwich College (Alleyn's Gift), 34
East India Company, 41
East India Dock, 218
Easter, Stephen, 197
education (compulsory), 184, 186
Edward II, King, 10
Edward VI, King, 17, 24
electricity, 141, 183â4
Eliot, T.S., 232
Elizabeth I, Queen, 14â15, 24
Elliott family, 185, 190â1, 196
Elliott, George, 185
Elliott, Hughes & Easter Ltd (gum-merchants), 192, 197
Elliott, Marion, 185â6
Ellory, Mr, 157
Embankment (Thames), 152, 162
Evelyn, John, 6, 31, 48, 50, 73â5
Faithorne, William, 49
Falcon Dock, 195
Falcon Glass Works, 75, 95
Falcon Inn, 29, 36, 50, 77, 81
Falcon Iron Works, 59, 75, 95
Falcon Point, 221
Fastolf, Sir John, 10
Fell's Flower Wharf, 102
Festival of Britain (1951), 9, 208, 229
Fielding, Sir John, 93
Finch's Grotto, Southwark, 100
fish ponds, 15â18, 49
Fleet ditch, 60
Flemings: settle in Southwark, 22
Fletcher, Geoffrey, 226
Fletcher, John, 37â8
Flood Prevention, 57, 76, 177
Foster, Norman, Baron, 229
Free Grammar School, Bankside, 57
âFresh Air Scheme', 187
Fritter, Melchisedeck, 30, 53, 62
Frost Fairs, 117
Fuce, Thomas, 120, 143
furniture and interiors, 67, 75
Gabb, Martha, 173â5
Gardener, Urban, 176
Garrick, David, 96
Gas Light & Coke Company, 140
gas-lighting, 140â2, 194
George I, King, 58
Gin Acts (1751 and 1753), 91
Girtin, Thomas, 135
Gladstone, William Ewart, 152
glass industry, 40, 48, 75, 95
Globe Theatre, Southwark: reconstructed, 3, 31â3, 226â8, 230; site, 27, 29; Burbages build, 34; Shakespeare and, 36; burnt and rebuilt, 45; abandoned, 48
Globe Trust, 226â7
Golden, Grace, 189, 193â5, 212, 230
Golden Hind
(replica ship), 226
Gordon Riots (1780), 93
Grand Junction Waterworks, 159
Grand Union Canal, 105â6, 176
grave-robbing, 111, 113â14
Gravel Lane, Southwark, 49, 88
graveyards, 20â1, 51, 111â15
Great Fire (1666), 51â4, 60
Great Guildford Street
see
Bandy Leg Walk
Great Pike Garden, 15â16, 177;
see also
Pye Garden, the
Great Plague (1665), 50â1
Great Surrey Street, Southwark, 100â1
Greater London Council (GLC), 219, 223;
see also
London County Council
Greene, Mary, 53â4
Grooms, John, 186
Grove Hill, Camberwell, 109â10
Guy's Hospital, 11
Harris, James, 104, 112
Harrison, Revd L., 143
Harvard, John, 39
hat-making, 94â5, 185, 220
Henry VII, King, 24
Henry VIII, King, 12, 23, 25, 223
Henslowe, Philip, 31, 34â5, 37, 46, 54, 147
Hey (Workhouse Master), 123
Hill, Octavia, 166
Hill, Rowland (preacher), 101
Hinton & Horne (firm), 177
Hogarth, William, 90, 99
Holditch brothers, 120, 157, 176
Holditch, George, 150, 157
Holditch, George Alfred, 157
Holditch, Jessica, 157â8
Holland, Mistress, 25
Holland's Leaguer (gaming place), 25, 87, 95
Hollar, Wenceslaus, 27â9
Hollingshed, John, 167â70
Hooper, June, 212
Hop Exchange, 95, 165, 191, 220
Hope Theatre, 31, 34
Hopkinson, Henry, 191
Horne family, 89, 97, 120, 147
Horne, Anthony, 118â19, 121
Horne, Benjamin, 76
Horne, Thomas, 83, 104, 121, 167
Horne, William, 139â40, 179
House, the
see
Cardinal's Wharf (house; 49 Bankside)
Howatt, Revd J. Reid, 186
Hulbert, Jack, 201
Hudson, Thomas, 53
Humphreys, Sarah, 53
Hungerford Railway Bridge, 162, 229
Hydraulic Power Company, 183
Illustrated London News, The
, 210
Imperial Gas Light and Coke Company, 141
Industrial Revolution, 94
Inn and Goat stairs, 43
iron manufacture, 59, 95
Isaacs family, 197
Isaacs, Ernest David, 197
Isaacs, Moss (iron-merchant), 155â6, 176, 179, 192, 197â8
Isaacs, Moss II, 192, 196
Isaacs, Samuel, 192, 196
Isaacs, Samuel & Sons (iron merchants), 193
James I, King (James VI of Scotland), 16, 45
Johnson, Samuel, 48, 85, 96â7
Johnstone's London Commercial Guide and Street Directory
, 120
Jones family, 89
Jones & Sells (coal-merchants), 120, 140, 154
Jones, Inigo, 60
Jones, Mr (iron-founder), 59
Jonson, Ben, 31
Jubilee Walkway, 223, 226
Keen and Smither's Coal Wharf, 102
Killingworth, William, 83
Kimpton, Edward and Ellen, 192â3
King's Bench prison, Southwark, 11, 93
Lambeth: water supply, 151
Lambeth Marsh, 229
latrines, 87â8
Lee, Anna (Joan Boniface Winifrith; Mrs Robert E. Stevenson), 199â204, 208
Lettsom, Dr John Coakley, 92, 96, 109
lightermen and lighterage, 76â8, 139, 219
Lingard and Sadler's Mustard Manufactory, 102
London: south bank, 8â10; street lighting introduced, 39, 103; population growth, 53, 55, 90â1, 110; rebuilding and development, 54, 58, 60â2; class structure, 65â7; fogs and pollution, 73â5, 92, 155; conditions in mid-late eighteenth century, 90â4; industrial development, 94; expansion, 110â11; Underground, 115; panoramas, 134â5; sewage and drainage system, 152; railways, 161â2; Abercrombie plan for, 208â9, 217; dock closures and port decline, 218â19;
see also
Great Fire; Great Plague; Southwark
London Bridge: links City of London with Southwark, 1, 9â10, 232; negotiated by watermen, 43; in Great Fire, 52; and new bridges, 78; rebuilding, 95, 126, 130, 136; replaced, 223; in nursery rhyme, 232
London Bridge railway station, 162, 164
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, 161
London, Chatham & Dover Railway, 162â3
London County Council (LCC), 9, 217, 219;
see also
Greater London Council
London Dock, Wapping, 218