magnificence shows only how incompetent a judge he was of the matter. Silver was then of ten times the value, and was more than twenty times more rare than at present; and consequently, of all species of luxury, plate must have been the rarest.

[x]P. 212.

[y]Order. Vital. p. 507.

[z]Gul. Gemet. p. 289. Order. Vital. p. 508. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 245.

[a]Hoveden, p. 450. M. West. p. 226. Sim. Dunelm. p. 197.

[b]Chron. Sax. p. 173. This fact is a full proof, that the Normans had committed great

injustice, and were the real cause of the insurrections of the English.

[c]Hoveden, p. 450. Sim. Dunelm. p. 197. Alur. Beverl. p. 127.

[d]Order. Vital. p. 510.

[e]Ibid.

[f]Ibid.

[g]Order. Vital. p. 511.

[h]Order. Vital. p. 511.

[i]Ibid.

[k]Ibid.

[l]Ibid.

[m]Order. Vital. p. 508. M. West. p. 225. M. Paris, p. 4. Sim. Dun. p. 197.

[n]Order. Vitalis, p. 512.

[o]Gul. Gemet. p. 290. Order. Vital. p. 513. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 246.

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[p]Order. Vital. p. 512. Chron. de Mailr. p. 116. Hoveden, p. 450. M. Paris, p. 5. Sim.

Dun. p. 198.

[q]Order. Vital. p. 512.

[r]Order. Vital. p. 513. Hoveden, p. 451.

[s]Ingulf. p. 71. Chron. Abb. St. Petri de Burgo, p. 47.

[t]Order. Vital. p. 514.

[u]Hoveden, p. 451. Chron. Abb. St. Petri di Burgo, p. 47. Sim. Dun. p. 199.

[w]Malmes. p. 104. H. Hunt. p. 369.

[x]Chron. Sax. p. 174. Ingulf, p. 79. Malmes. p. 103. Hoveden, p. 451. Chron. Abb.

St. Petri de Burgo, p. 47. M. Paris, p. 5. Sim. Dun. p. 199. Brompton, p. 966.

Knyghton, p. 2344. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 702.

[y]Order. Vital. p. 515.

[z]Malmes. p. 104.

[a]H. Hunt. p. 370.

[NOTE [H]]
There is a paper or record of the family of Sharneborne, which pretends, that that family, which was Saxon, was restored upon proving their innocence, as well as other Saxon families, which were in the same situation. Though this paper was able to impose on such great antiquaries as Spellman (see Gloss. in verbo
Drenges)
and Dugdale, (see Baron. vol. i. p. 118.) it is proved by Dr. Brady (see Answ. to Petyt, p.

11, 12.) to have been a forgery; and is allowed as such by Tyrrel, though a pertinacious defender of his party notions (see his hist. vol. ii. introd. p. 51, 73.) Ingulf, p. 70 tells us, that very early Hereward, though absent during the time of the conquest, was turned out of all his estate, and could not obtain redress. William even plundered the monasteries. Flor. Wigorn. p. 636. Chron. Abb. St. Petri de Burgo, p.

48. M. Paris, p. 5. Sim. Dun. p. 200. Diceto, p. 482. Brompton, p. 967. Knyghton, p.

2344. Alur. Beverl. p. 130. We are told by Ingulf, that Ivo de Taillebois plundered the monastery of Croyland of a great part of its land; arid no redress could be obtained.

[b]Order. Vitalis, p. 521. M. West, p. 229.

[NOTE [I]]
The obliging of all the inhabitants to put out their fires and lights at certain hours, upon the sounding of a bell, called the
courfeu,
is represented by Polydore Virgil, lib. 9. as a mark of the servitude of the English. But this was a law of police, which William had previously established in Normandy. See du Moulin, hist. de Normandie, p. 160. The same law had place in Scotland. LL. Burgor, cap. 86.

[c]Order. Vital. p. 523. Secretum Abbatis, apud Selden, Titles of Honour, p. 573.

Spellm. Gloss. in verbo
Feodum.
Sir Robert Cotton.

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[d]M. West. p. 225. M. Paris, p. 4. Bracton, lib. 1. cap. 11. num. 1. Fleta, lib. 1. cap. 8.

n. 2.

[e]M. Paris, p. 5. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 248.

[f]Parker, p. 161.

[g]Ibid. p. 164.

[h]Hoveden, p. 453. Diceto, p. 482. Knyghton, p. 2345. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 5, 6.

Ypod. Neust. p. 438.

[i]Brompton relates, that Wulstan was also deprived by the synod; but refusing to

deliver his pastoral staff and ring to any but the person from whom he first received it, he went immediately to king Edward’s tomb, and struck the staff so deeply into the stone, that none but himself was able to pull it out: Upon which he was allowed to keep his bishopric. This instance may serve, instead of many, as a specimen of the monkish miracles. See also the Annals of Burton, p. 284.

[k]Malmes. de gest. Pont. p. 154.

[l]Ingulf, p. 70, 71.

[m]M. West. p. 228. Lanfranc wrote in defence of the real presence against

Berengarius; and in these ages of stupidity and ignorance, he was greatly applauded for that performance.

[n]Eadmer, p. 6.

[o]Order. Vital. p. 523. H. Hunt. p. 370.

[p]Ingulf, p. 71.

[q]36 Ed. III. cap. 15. Selden Spicileg. ad Eadmer, p. 189. Fortescue de laud. leg.

Angl. cap. 48.

[r]Chron. Rothom. A. D. 1066.

[s]Ingulf, p. 88. Brompton, p. 982. Knyghton, p. 2355. Hoveden, p. 600.

[NOTE [J]]
What these laws were of Edward the Confessor, which the English, every reign during a century and a half, desire so passionately to have restored, is much disputed by antiquaries, and our ignorance of them seems one of the greatest defects in the ancient English history. The collection of laws in Wilkins, which pass under the name of Edward, are plainly a posterior and an ignorant compilation. Those to be found in Ingulf are genuine; but so imperfect, and contain so few clauses favourable to the subject, that we see no great reason for their contending for them so vehemently. It is probable, that the English meant the
common law,
as it prevailed during the reign of Edward; which we may conjecture to have been more indulgent to PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011)

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liberty than the Norman institutions. The most material articles of it were afterwards comprehended in Magna Charta.

[t]William was so little ashamed of his birth, that he assumed the appellation of

Bastard in some of his letters and charters. Spellm. Gloss. in verb.
Bastardus.
Camden in
Richmondshire.

[u]Order. Vital. p. 522. Hoveden, p. 454.

[w]Sim. Dun. p. 205.

[x]Order. Vital. p. 536.

[y]Chron. Sax. p. 183. M. Paris, p. 7.

[z]Many of the fugitive Normans are supposed to have fled into Scotland; where they

were protected, as well as the fugitive English, by Malcolm. Whence come the many French and Norman families, which are found at present in that country.

[a]L’Abbe Conc. tom. 10. p. 371, 372. com. 2.

[b]Padre Paolo sopra benef. eccles. p. 30.

[c]Padre Paolo sopra benef. eccles. p. 113.

[d]Epist. Greg. VII. epist. 32, 35. lib. 2. epist. 5.

[e]Epist. Greg. VII. lib. 1. epist. 7.

[f]Greg. Epist. lib. 2. epist. 55.

[g]Spicileg. Seldeni ad Eadmer, p 4.

[h]Hoveden, p. 455, 457. Flor. Wigorn. p. 638. Spell. Concil. fol. 13. A. D. 1076.

[i]Order. Vital. p. 545. Hoveden, p. 457. Flor. Wigorn. p. 639.

[k]Chron. de Mailr. p. 160.

[l]Order. Vital. p. 545.

[m]Ibid.

[n]Ibid.

[o]Order Vital. p. 545. Hoveden, p. 457. Sim. Dun. p. 210. Diceto, p. 487.

[p]Malmes. p. 106. H. Hunt. p. 369. Hoveden, p 457. Flor. Wig. p. 639. Sim. Dun. p.

210. Diceto, p. 287. Knyghton, p. 2351. Alur. Beverl. p. 135.

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[q]Chron. Sax. p. 190. Ingulf, p. 79. Chron. T. Tykes, p. 23. H. Hunt. p. 370.

Hoveden, p. 460. M. West. p. 229. Flor. Wigorn. p. 641. Chron. Abb. St. Petri de Burgo, p. 51. M. Paris, p. 8. The more northern counties were not comprehended in this survey; I suppose because of their wild, uncultivated state.

[r]Ingulf, p. 8.

[s]West’s enquiry into the manner of creating peers, p. 24.

[t]Order. Vital. p. 523. He says 1060 pounds and some odd shillings and pence a-day

[u]Fortescue, de Dom. reg. & politic. cap. 111.

[w]Malmes. p. 3. H. Hunt. p. 731. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 258.

[x]M. West. p. 230. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 258.

[y]Hoveden, p. 600.

[z]H. Hunt. p. 370. Brompton, p. 980.

[a]So late as the reign of king Stephen, the earl of Albemarle, before the battle of the

Standard, addressed the officers of his army in these terms,
Proceres Angliae
clarissimi, & genere Normanni, &c.
Brompton, p. 1026. See farther Abbas Rieval, p.

339, &c. All the barons and military men of England still called themselves Normans.

[NOTE [K]]
Ingulf, p. 70. H. Hunt. p. 370, 372. M. West. p. 225. Gul. Neub. p. 357.

Alured. Beverl. p. 124. De gest. Angl. p. 333. M. Paris. p. 4. Sim. Dun. p. 206.

Brompton, p. 962, 980, 1161. Gervase Tilb. lib. i. cap. 16. Textus Roffensis apud Seld. Spicileg. ad Eadm. p. 197. Gul. Pict. p. 206. Ordericus Vitalis, p. 521, 666, 853.

Epist. St. Thom. p. 801. Gul. Malmes. p. 52, 57. Knyghton, p. 2354. Edmer, p. 110.

Thom. Rudborne in Ang. Sacra, vol. i. p. 248. Monach. Roff. in Ang. Sacra, vol. ii. p.

276. Girald. Camb. in eadem, vol. ii. p. 413. Hist. Elyensis, p. 516. The words of this last historian, who is very ancient, are remarkable, and worth transcribing.
Rex itaque
factus Willielmus, quid in principes Anglorum, qui tantae cladi superesse poterant,
fecerit, dicere, cum nihil prosit, omitto. Quid enim prodesset, si nec unum in toto
regno de illis dicerem pristina potestate uti permissum, sed omnes aut in gravem
paupertatis aerumnam detrusos, aut exhaeredatos, patria pulsos, aut effossis oculis,
vel caeteris amputatis membris, opprobrium hominum factos, aut certe miserrime
afflictos, vita privatos. Simili modo utilitate carere existimo dicere quid in minorem
populum, non solum ab eo, sed a suis actum sit, cum id dictu sciamus difficile, et ob
immanem crudelitatem fortassis incredibile.

[b]W. Malmes. p. 120. M. Paris, p. 10.

[c]Chron. Sax. p. 192. Brompton, p. 983.

[d]W. Malmes. p. 120. M. Paris, p. 10. Thom. Rudborne, p. 263.

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[e]Hoveden, p. 461.

[f]Order. Vitalis, p. 666.

[g]Chron. Sax. p. 195. Order. Vital. p. 668.

[h]Chron. Sax. p. 197. W. Malm. p. 121. Hoveden, p. 462. M. Paris, p. 11. Annal.

Waverl. p. 137. W. Heming. p. 463. Sim. Dunelm. p. 216. Brompton, p. 986.