The Greek & Latin Roots of English (51 page)

pheno (φαίνω) = seem, appear; shine pheno- (learned borrowing) = shining

phenomenon (φαινόμενον) = a thing come to light

phero (φέρω) = bear, carry

philia (φιλία) = love

phlegma (φλέγμα) = phlegm

phleps, phlebos (φλέψ) = vein

phobos (φόβος) = fear

phone (φονή) = sound

phos, photos (φω̑ς) = light

phren (φρήν) = midriff

phyllon (φύλλον) = leaf

phylon (φυ̑λον) = race, tribe; class

physis (φύσις) = nature

X
(CH)

chalcos (χαλκός) = copper

chaos (χαός) = void

character (χαρακτήρ) = mark

charisma (χάρισμα) = grace

chartes (χάρτης) = papyrus roll

chemeia (χημεία) = alloying

chilioi (χίλιοι) = one thousand

chloros (χλω̑ρος) = green

cholae (χολαί) = gall bladder

chole (χολή) = bile

choreuo (χορεύω) = dance in a circle

christos (χριστός) = anointed

chroma, chromatos (χρω̑μα) = color

chronos (χρόνος) = time

chrysos (χρυσός) = gold

Ψ
(PS)

pseudon (ψευ̑δον) = false

psyche (ψυχή) = soul

Ω
(O)

oceanos (ὠκεανός) = ocean, the great river believed to encircle the earth

on, ontos (ὤν) = being

Latin Vocabulary

A

ab, a = from, away from

abdomen, abdominis = stomach

abhorreo-abhorrēre = shrink back

acer, acris = sharp

ad = to, toward

adolesco-adolescerere-adultum = grow up

aedes, aedis = room

aedificium, aedificii = building

aequum, aequi = equal

aer, aeris = air

aestas, aestatis = summer

aevum, aevi = age; period of time

ager, agri = field

agro- = soil, crop

ago-agere-actum = do, drive

alacer, alacris = brisk, quick

album, albi = white

alias = at another time

alibi = in another place

alo-alere-altum = nourish

ambitio, ambitionis = going around

ambo = both

amicus, amici = friend

amo-amare-amatum = love

amor, amoris = love

anima, animae = breath

animal, animalis = living being

animus, animi = spirit, courage

annus, anni = year

ante = before

apis, apis = bee

aqua, aquae = water

arbitror-arbitrari-arbitratum = think

arbor, arboris = tree

architectura, architecturae = art of building

ardeo-ardēre = burn

area, areae = area

arena, arenae = sandy place; arena

argentum, argenti = silver

ars, artis = skill, art

astrum, astri = star

atrium, atrii = entry hall

audeo-audēre = dare

audio-audire-auditum = hear

augeo-augēre-auctum = increase

augur, auguris = seer, prophet

auris, auris = ear

aurum, auri = gold

auspex, auspicis = diviner; protector

autumnus, autumni = fall

auxilium, auxilii = aid

avarum-avari = greedy

aveo-avēre = be well

avis, avis = bird

B

bacillus, bacilli = little staff

baculum, baculi = staff, walking stick

bellum, belli = war

bene = well

bilis, bilis = bile

bis = twice

bonun, boni = good

brevis, brevis = short

C

cado-cadere-casum = fall

caecum, caeci = blind

caedo-caedere-caesum = cut; kill

caeruleus, caerulei = blue

calculus, calculi = pebble

calor, caloris = warmth, heat

camera, camerae = chamber, room

campus, campi = field

candeo-candēre = shine

candesco-candescere = begin to shine

canis, canis = dog

canto-cantare-cantatum = sing

capio-capere-captum = take, seize

caput, capitis = head

caro, carnis = flesh

castum, casti = pure

cedo-cedere-cessum = yield, go

cella, cellae = small room

censeo-censēre-censum = assess

censor, censoris = censor

centum = one hundred

cerebrum, cerebri = brain

charta, chartae = map

cilium, cilii = eyelash

circa = around (approximately)

circum = around (distance)

civis, civis = citizen

civitas, civitatis = state

clamo-clamare-clamatum = shout

clarum, clari = clear, bright

claudo-claudere-clausum = close

clavus, clavi = key

clemens, clementis = gentle, mild

coalesco-coalescere-coalitum = grow together; become one

codex, codicis = book

cohors, cohortis = enclosure

collegium, collegii = corporation, group

collum, colli = neck

colo-colere-cultum = cultivate, till

colonia, coloniae = estate; settlement

color, coloris = color

communis, communis = common

computo-computare-computatum = sum up, calculate

congredior-congredi-congressum = meet

consul, consulis = consul

contagio, contagionis = touching

contra = against

conus, coni = cone

copia, copiae = supply, abundance

cornu, cornus = horn

corona, coronae = crown

corpus, corporis = body

cors, cordis = heart

costa, costae = rib

cras = tomorrow

credo-credere-creditum = believe

creo-creare-creatum = bring forth

cresco-crescere-cretum = arise

crimen, criminis = crime

cubiculum, cubiculi = bedroom

cubo-cubare-cubitum = lie down

culpa, culpae = fault, blame

cum = with; together

cumulus, cumuli = pile, heap

cupido, cupidinis = desire

cuprum, cupri = copper

cura, curae = care

curro-currere-cursum = run

custos, custodis = guard

cutis, cutis = skin

D

de = from; concerning, about

debeo-debēre-debitum = owe

decem = ten

decimus, decimi = tenth

decus, decoris = ornament; honor

deformis, deformis = ugly

deleo-delēre-deletum = destroy

delinquo-delinquere-delictum = fail

dens, dentis = tooth

despicio-despicere-despectum = look down on; despise

deus, dei = god

dexter, dexteri = on the right; favorable

dico-dicere-dictum = say, speak

dies, diei = day

digero-digerere–digestum = carry away

digitus, digiti = finger, toe

dignitas, dignitatis = worth, merit

dis- = apart

disciplina, disciplinae = instruction

disco-discere = learn

divido-dividere-divisum = separate

divortium, divortii = divorce

divus, divi = divine

do-dare-datum = give

doceo-docēre-doctum = teach, show

doctrina, doctrinae = teaching

dominor-dominari-dominatum = rule

dominus, domini = master

domus, domūs = house

dormio-dormire-dormitum = sleep

duco-ducere-ductum = lead

duo = two

duodeni = twelve

E

edo-edere-esum = eat

edo-edere-editum = bring forth

educo-educare-educatum = bring up, rear; educate

effervesco-effervescere = boil up, foam

ego, mei = I

eques, equitis = horseman, knight

equus, equi = horse

erro-errare-erratum = wander

erudio-erudire-eruditum = polish

(sum)-esse-futurum = be, exist

ex, e = out, out of

examino-examinare-examinatum = weigh, consider; test

experior-experiri-expertum = try, test

exter, exteri = outside

extra = outside of

F

fabula, fabulae = story

facio-facere-factum = make, do

in compounds, -ficio, -fectum

facultas, facultatis = skill

fallo-fallere-falsum = deceive

fama, famae = reputation, rumor

familia, familiae = family

fascis, fascis = stick

fateor-fatēre-fasum = confess, admit

felis, felis = cat

felix, felicis = happy

femina, feminae = woman

fenestra, fenestrae = window

fermentum, fermenti = yeast

fero-ferre-latum = carry, bear

ferrum, ferri = iron

ferveo-fervēre = boil

fetus, fetūs = offspring

fibula, fibulae = clamp, pin

fides, fidei = faith

fiducia, fiduciae = confidence, trust

filia, filiae = daughter

filius, filli = son

finio-finire-finitum = end, finish

fiscus, fisci = basket; treasury

flecto-flectere-flectum = bend

flo-flare-flatum = flow

flumen, fluminis = river

fluo-fluere = flow

floreo-florēre = bloom, prosper

flos, floris = flower

fodio-fodere-fossum = dig

folium, folii = leaf

for-fari-fatum = speak

forma, formae = shape, beauty

formica, formicae = ant

fortis, fortis = brave

fortuna, fortunae = fortune, chance

forum, fori = outdoors; forum

fossa, fossae = ditch

frango-frangere-fractum = break

frater, fratris = brother

fraus, fraudis = trick, deceit

fulmen, fulminis = lightning

fundus, fundi = depth, bottom

fungor-fungi-functum = perform

fungus, fungi = mushroom

furor, furoris = madness, rage

G

gens, gentis = people, tribe

genu, genūs = knee

genus, generis = class, kind

gero-gere-gestum = bear, carry; wage

glacies, glaciei = ice

gladius, gladii = sword

glans, glandis = acorn

gnosco-gnoscere-gnotum = come to know

gradior-gradi-gressum = walk, go

gratum, grati = pleasing

gravis, gravis = heavy

grex, gregis = flock, herd